Denis will focus on the innovation roadmap in clean mobility materials, highlighting Umicore’s unique position every step along the way, over the next decades.
Leverage Modern Technology to Build Fuel Efficient AircraftsHCL Technologies
This paper illustrates the importance of adopting the Laser Beam Welding (LBW) process in aircraft manufacturing which will enable the manufacture of aircrafts of reduced weight. The use of this technology leads to a much higher degree of cost savings in the aircraft industry.
Denis will focus on the innovation roadmap in clean mobility materials, highlighting Umicore’s unique position every step along the way, over the next decades.
Leverage Modern Technology to Build Fuel Efficient AircraftsHCL Technologies
This paper illustrates the importance of adopting the Laser Beam Welding (LBW) process in aircraft manufacturing which will enable the manufacture of aircrafts of reduced weight. The use of this technology leads to a much higher degree of cost savings in the aircraft industry.
Cummins is a global power leader that designs, manufactures, sells and services diesel and alternative fuel engines, diesel and alternative-fuelled electrical generator sets, Electrified powertrains as well as related components and technology. It serves its customers through a network of 600 company-owned and independent distributor facilities and more than 7,200 dealer locations in over 190 countries and territories.
During this webinar, recorded on 23rd September 2021, the Cummins team share more about what they are doing to expand Cummins' electrification strategy, develop PEMD supply chains with a view of exploring future opportunities for business and collaborations.
This is part of the Driving the Electric Revolution Engage with... weekly webinar series. To find out more, visit the KTN website: https://ktn-uk.org/news/driving-the-electric-revolution-webinar-series/
Equity research presentation and investment pitch on Cummins, Inc. Analyzed core competencies, partnerships, investments, macroeconomic catalysts, and comparable companies valuation of Cummins, Inc. Rated as a strong buy.
This was a vehicle designed for the emerging West African middle class consumer group. This project highlights my user research, information design, and concept development skills.
Vehicle wrap design requires a specific set of skills and knowledge. We decided to spread some of our know-how with this presentation of five easy vehicle wrap design tips.
For more information, lists, tips, and videos, visit us at:
http://www.sunrisesigns.com
or follow us on twitter:
@SunriseWraps
The Art of Emergency Vehicle Design - HOPE TechnikHOPE Technik
Vehicles come in all shapes and sizes but ultimately, all conventional vehicles only need to fulfil one core function - transport people and goods. Yet when it comes to the design of emergency vehicles, its design goes beyond a vehicle's primary function. Its design revolves around a very practical need to enable efficient and swift operations.
Learn what goes into the design of HOPE Technik's Tumbler Element and Fire Medical Vehicle with our artistic manager, Colin Choo, in this deck.
AI and Machine Learning Demystified by Carol Smith at Midwest UX 2017Carol Smith
What is machine learning? Is UX relevant in the age of artificial intelligence (AI)? How can I take advantage of cognitive computing? Get answers to these questions and learn about the implications for your work in this session. Carol will help you understand at a basic level how these systems are built and what is required to get insights from them. Carol will present examples of how machine learning is already being used and explore the ethical challenges inherent in creating AI. You will walk away with an awareness of the weaknesses of AI and the knowledge of how these systems work.
Kurt will demonstrate how Umicore is widening the gap in xEV battery materials by harnessing product and process technology leadership and its unique position in the supply chain.
Presentation by Hans Van der Steen, Owens Corning,Global Business Development Leader, Structural Composites, at CAMX on October 16, 2014. Sheet molded compounds (SMC) allow the automotive industry to make large and complex parts at affordable cost, while meeting the specific requirements for structural applications in automobiles. This presentation reviews the performance of glass fiber multi-end rovings in epoxy resin systems and highlights the specific benefits this solution brings to the automotive industry.
Reducing The Cost Of Multi-Material Lightweight Joining & Forming: Created Specifically For The Manufacturing Job Functions
REDUCING COSTS. REDUCING CYCLE TIME. JOINING MIXED MATERIAL IN HIGH VOLUME.
Regardless of how different the vehicle design is, how advanced the manufacturing plant is and how large the budget is, every large scale OEM in the US, Europe and Asia is working towards every single one of these goals.
Every OEM is researching and testing and piloting to figure out three key things:
Which joining and forming techniques deliver the highest performance at the lowest costs on different advanced lightweight materials
In which parts of the vehicle can these techniques be most cost effectively applied
How can they be implemented quickly and cost effectively into the production line
Everyone has their own answers, but with technology and understanding advancing at break neck speed each year, what was the best today is rarely the best tomorrow.
THE US-WIDE WEIGHT REDUCTION DRIVE ADVANCES AT PACE
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) are issuing final rules to extend the National Program to further reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and improve fuel economy for model years 2017 through 2025 light-duty vehicles. These are projected to result in an average industry fleet wide level of 163 grams/mile of carbon dioxide (CO2) in model year 2025 (equivalent to 54.5 mpg vs. 29 mpg in 2013). With these regulations in place, OEMs are under increasing pressure to further explore all possible methods and strategies that will help ensure these stringent standards are cost effectively met. OEMs have ranked "meeting of the fuel efficiency and emission targets" as the top challenge that they presently face.
THE INTEGRAL OEM-LED JOINING AND FORMING KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE RETURNS TO DETROIT - 2ND YEAR RUNNING
After resounding success in its launch year, Lightweight Vehicle Manufacturing: Joining & Forming Focus 2015 is returning in its second year to equip joining, forming and manufacturing engineering professionals with the very latest case-study based knowledge and shared advanced practices. The carefully selected expert OEM speakers will critically inform delegates about selecting the most suitable methods for joining and forming parts and components made from mixed materials, and how to efficiently and cost-effectively introduce them into the assembly lines.
An overview of potential future lifecycle impacts of low carbon vehicles. Shifting to hybrid and electric vehicles will mean that an increasing share of lifecycle GHG emissions come from the production of the vehicle and electricity. Presentation given at the annual LowCVP conference by Nik Hill, knowledge leader for transport technology at Ricardo-AEA
Cummins is a global power leader that designs, manufactures, sells and services diesel and alternative fuel engines, diesel and alternative-fuelled electrical generator sets, Electrified powertrains as well as related components and technology. It serves its customers through a network of 600 company-owned and independent distributor facilities and more than 7,200 dealer locations in over 190 countries and territories.
During this webinar, recorded on 23rd September 2021, the Cummins team share more about what they are doing to expand Cummins' electrification strategy, develop PEMD supply chains with a view of exploring future opportunities for business and collaborations.
This is part of the Driving the Electric Revolution Engage with... weekly webinar series. To find out more, visit the KTN website: https://ktn-uk.org/news/driving-the-electric-revolution-webinar-series/
Equity research presentation and investment pitch on Cummins, Inc. Analyzed core competencies, partnerships, investments, macroeconomic catalysts, and comparable companies valuation of Cummins, Inc. Rated as a strong buy.
This was a vehicle designed for the emerging West African middle class consumer group. This project highlights my user research, information design, and concept development skills.
Vehicle wrap design requires a specific set of skills and knowledge. We decided to spread some of our know-how with this presentation of five easy vehicle wrap design tips.
For more information, lists, tips, and videos, visit us at:
http://www.sunrisesigns.com
or follow us on twitter:
@SunriseWraps
The Art of Emergency Vehicle Design - HOPE TechnikHOPE Technik
Vehicles come in all shapes and sizes but ultimately, all conventional vehicles only need to fulfil one core function - transport people and goods. Yet when it comes to the design of emergency vehicles, its design goes beyond a vehicle's primary function. Its design revolves around a very practical need to enable efficient and swift operations.
Learn what goes into the design of HOPE Technik's Tumbler Element and Fire Medical Vehicle with our artistic manager, Colin Choo, in this deck.
AI and Machine Learning Demystified by Carol Smith at Midwest UX 2017Carol Smith
What is machine learning? Is UX relevant in the age of artificial intelligence (AI)? How can I take advantage of cognitive computing? Get answers to these questions and learn about the implications for your work in this session. Carol will help you understand at a basic level how these systems are built and what is required to get insights from them. Carol will present examples of how machine learning is already being used and explore the ethical challenges inherent in creating AI. You will walk away with an awareness of the weaknesses of AI and the knowledge of how these systems work.
Kurt will demonstrate how Umicore is widening the gap in xEV battery materials by harnessing product and process technology leadership and its unique position in the supply chain.
Presentation by Hans Van der Steen, Owens Corning,Global Business Development Leader, Structural Composites, at CAMX on October 16, 2014. Sheet molded compounds (SMC) allow the automotive industry to make large and complex parts at affordable cost, while meeting the specific requirements for structural applications in automobiles. This presentation reviews the performance of glass fiber multi-end rovings in epoxy resin systems and highlights the specific benefits this solution brings to the automotive industry.
Reducing The Cost Of Multi-Material Lightweight Joining & Forming: Created Specifically For The Manufacturing Job Functions
REDUCING COSTS. REDUCING CYCLE TIME. JOINING MIXED MATERIAL IN HIGH VOLUME.
Regardless of how different the vehicle design is, how advanced the manufacturing plant is and how large the budget is, every large scale OEM in the US, Europe and Asia is working towards every single one of these goals.
Every OEM is researching and testing and piloting to figure out three key things:
Which joining and forming techniques deliver the highest performance at the lowest costs on different advanced lightweight materials
In which parts of the vehicle can these techniques be most cost effectively applied
How can they be implemented quickly and cost effectively into the production line
Everyone has their own answers, but with technology and understanding advancing at break neck speed each year, what was the best today is rarely the best tomorrow.
THE US-WIDE WEIGHT REDUCTION DRIVE ADVANCES AT PACE
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) are issuing final rules to extend the National Program to further reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and improve fuel economy for model years 2017 through 2025 light-duty vehicles. These are projected to result in an average industry fleet wide level of 163 grams/mile of carbon dioxide (CO2) in model year 2025 (equivalent to 54.5 mpg vs. 29 mpg in 2013). With these regulations in place, OEMs are under increasing pressure to further explore all possible methods and strategies that will help ensure these stringent standards are cost effectively met. OEMs have ranked "meeting of the fuel efficiency and emission targets" as the top challenge that they presently face.
THE INTEGRAL OEM-LED JOINING AND FORMING KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE RETURNS TO DETROIT - 2ND YEAR RUNNING
After resounding success in its launch year, Lightweight Vehicle Manufacturing: Joining & Forming Focus 2015 is returning in its second year to equip joining, forming and manufacturing engineering professionals with the very latest case-study based knowledge and shared advanced practices. The carefully selected expert OEM speakers will critically inform delegates about selecting the most suitable methods for joining and forming parts and components made from mixed materials, and how to efficiently and cost-effectively introduce them into the assembly lines.
An overview of potential future lifecycle impacts of low carbon vehicles. Shifting to hybrid and electric vehicles will mean that an increasing share of lifecycle GHG emissions come from the production of the vehicle and electricity. Presentation given at the annual LowCVP conference by Nik Hill, knowledge leader for transport technology at Ricardo-AEA
[729.HK] FDG Electric Vehicles Corporate PresentationWinnie Lei
FDG Electric Vehicles is a vertically-integrated electric vehicles manufacturer based in China. FDG produces electric vehicles, the batteries and the cathode materials for batteries.
Global Automotive Lightweight Materials Detroit 2015: Brochure Brian Adams
This Year Providing Unprecedented Detail On...
COMPOSITES, JOINING, MULTI-MATERIAL DESIGN AND RECYCLING INNOVATION
Increasing pressure from consumers and stronger carbon emission regulations are driving every large-scale OEM in the US to explore the latest materials and manufacturing advances to reduce vehicle weight. The focus now is on minimizing the costs that will help scale up the adoption of lightweight materials.
To deliver the next generation of lightweight vehicles OEMs are critically racing to reduce the costs and cycle times of carbon-fiber composites, aluminium and magnesium. From design modelling and corrosion mitigation to recycling, technology is advancing at break-neck speed and each year OEMs must remain ahead of the learning curve to remain competitive on the forecourt.
SPR21610 - Vitesco Technologies Power Module in Jaguar I-PACE Invertersystem_plus
Multiple optimized packaging innovations for this automotive power module from Vitesco Technologies.
More : https://www.systemplus.fr/reverse-costing-reports/vitesco-technologies-power-module-in-jaguar-i-pace-inverter/
Presentation by Bryan Comer on black carbon and heavy fuel oil in Arctic shipping, given at the 6th Session of IMO’s Pollution Prevention and Response Sub-committee.
The Arctic Council’s Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment (PAME) working group invited ICCT’s Bryan Comer to present on heavy fuel oil and black carbon in Arctic shipping. The meeting was attended by national representatives the eight Arctic nations, Arctic indigenous groups, and non-governmental organizations. This is the presentation Dr. Comer made at PAME’s recent meeting in Helsinki in September 2017.
Armonización de políticas para vehículos ligeros nuevos en América del Norte: Estándares de eficiencia energética, gases de efecto invernadero y contaminantes criterio
7/9/2014-7/10/2014
Mexico City
Armonización de políticas para vehículos ligeros nuevos en América del Norte: Estándares de eficiencia energética, gases de efecto invernadero y contaminantes criterio
7/9/2014-7/10/2014
Mexico City
Armonización de políticas para vehículos ligeros nuevos en América del Norte: Estándares de eficiencia energética, gases de efecto invernadero y contaminantes criterio
7/9/2014-7/10/2014
Mexico City
Armonización de políticas para vehículos ligeros nuevos en América del Norte: Estándares de eficiencia energética, gases de efecto invernadero y contaminantes criterio
7/9/2014-7/10/2014
Mexico City
Slides and audio from a webinar presenting the results of an ICCT study that evaluates worldwide historical and potential impacts of fuel quality and vehicle emission standards, presents a global policy roadmap through 2030, and quantifies the benefits to public health and the climate. The study finds that if countries worldwide followed a policy path to Euro 6/VI-equivalent emission standards and ultra-low sulfur fuel, early deaths from road vehicle emissions could be reduced by 75% in the year 2030.
Summarizes a study of key drivers of electric vehicle adoption, with an emphasis on vehicle-charging scenarios and infrastructure and an eye toward identifying options that can maximize benefits from greater EV use to both consumers and the grid.
Webinar broadcast 24 May 2012. Second in a series previewing results of a long-term study by the ICCT of India's program to regulate and control emissions from light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles—cars, motorcycles, trucks, and buses. Offers a broad overview of the influence of fuel quality on vehicle emissions, and assesses India's past, present, and possible future fuel-quality standards and compliance programs in the context of international best practices, with particular emphasis on sulfur content of fuels.
Presentation from a webinar broadcast 26 April 2012 summarizing India’s vehicle emissions control program and comparing India's policy against global benchmarks.
Presentation from a one-hour webinar hosted by the LowCVP on the technical and environmental characteristics of the EU passenger car fleet. Based on data from the ICCT's 2011 pocketbook of European vehicle market statistics. Down that report at <http: />
Abbreviated version of a presentation developed by Drew Kodjak, Fanta Kamakaté, Ben Sharpe, and Martin Campestrini of the ICCT, and originally delivered at the Asilomar Conference "Rethinking Energy and Climate Strategies for Transportation," September 1, 2011.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Global Lightweight Vehicle Developments and Policy Design Implications - Nic Lutsey
1. Global lightweight vehicle developments and policy design implications 全球汽车轻量化技术的发展 以及政策制定的启示
Nic Lutsey
June 5, 2014
GFEI/ICCT workshop
Beijing, China
8. Vehicle Lightweighting is a key strategy for efficiency 汽车减重是实现油耗目标的重要战略之一
8
Company
Quote, statement, or commitment
Year
Ford
•From 2011 to 2020: “Full implementation of known technology… weight reduction of 250-750 lbs”
•“The use of advanced materials … offers automakers structural strength at a reduced weight to help improve fuel economy and meet safety and durability requirements
•“Reducing weight will benefit the efficiency of every Ford vehicle. However, it’s particularly critical to improving the range of plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicles
2009
Toyota
•10-30% weight reduction for small to mid-size vehicles
•Up to 20% weight reduction from Toyota New Global Architecture over 2015-2025
2009 2013
Volkswagen
• “Automotive light weight solutions are necessary more than ever to reduce CO2 emissions ”
• “Multi-Material Concepts promise cost effective light weight solutions ”
2008
GM
•“One trend is clear - vehicles will consist of a more balanced use of many materials in the future, incorporating more lightweight materials such as nanocomposites and aluminum and magnesium.”
•Aims to shed 500 lb from trucks by 2016, as much as 1000 lbs in early 2020s
2010
Mazda
• Reduce each model by 220 lb by 2015; another 220 lb by 2020
2009
Nissan
• Average 15% weight reduction by 2015
•“We are… expanding the use of aluminum and other lightweight materials, and reducing vehicle weight by rationalizing vehicle body structure
2010
Renault, Peugeot
•Target of 440-lb reduction (approx. 15%) by 2018
2012
Mass reduction is expected from every automaker
But some will do much more (and others will do less)
Below are some public statements, anecdotes, quotes…
8
10. Vehicle lightweighting examples in production 进入量产的轻量化车型举例
•Weights are compared to each vehicle model’s predecessor, except for BMW i3 EV, which is compared to the conventional steel structure.
•减重是相对于上一代模型的重量差距,只有BMW i3 EV是与传统的钢制结构相比较。
Vehicle make
车型
Model year
年份
Weight reduction
减重 (kg)*
Weight reduction
减重 (%)*
Designed market
销售市场
Audi TT 3rd gen 2.0 TDI
2015
50
4%
US, EU
VW Golf TDI
2015
49
4%
EU
Lamborghini Huracan
2015
78
5%
US, EU
Acura MDX
2014
111
5%
US
Nissan Leaf
2012
80
5%
US, EU
Audi A3
2014
80
6%
US, EU
GM Cadillac CTS
2014
111
6%
US
Audi A8
2014
145
7%
US, EU
Porsche Cayenne
2012
181
8%
US, EU
Peugeot 308 SW Blue Hdi
2014
140
9%
EU
Ford F150
2015
318
14%
US
Audi Q7
2014
363
15%
US, EU
Land Rover Range Rover
2014
420
16%
US, EU
BMW i3 EV
2014
249
17%
US, EU
10
12. Previous vehicle lightweighting research 汽车轻量化相关研究
Previous technical assessments on mass-reduction involve major studies by national US laboratories, OEM steel suppliers, OEMs with universities
Data plotted as vehicle cost versus percent of vehicle mass reduced
Each data point represents a different material/design approach to mass reduction
Studies vary in technical rigor, transparency, comprehensiveness, crashworthiness validation
关于减重的技术评估包括美国国家实验室、OEM钢铁供应商、OEM与大学所做的 相关研究
图中各点为机动车减重的百分比与相应的成本
每个点所代表的减重方式(材料/设计)各不相同
每项研究的技术精确性、透明性、综合性和防撞性验证各不相同
12
-1000-5000500100015000%5%10%15%20%25%30%35% Incremental cost ($/vehicle) Percent vehicle curb weight reductionGeck 2007 Ford F150 Das 2009 Cheah 2007 Plotkin 2009 AISI 1998 Das 2010 Das 2008 Das 2008 Bull 2009 NAS 2010 Montalbo 2008 AISI 2001 Ausn 2008 Ausn 2008 EEA 2007 EEA 2007 Percent vehicle curb weight reduction
13. Major new vehicle lightweighting research
主要最新减重研究
13
Lotus Engineering (CARB)
Cost-effective 18-32% mass reduction at < $0/vehicle for Toyota Venza
Includes crashworthiness safety (NHTSA FMVSS) validation
2010年研究的延续(-20%, -33%重量 Toyota Venza)
包括耐撞性安全(NHTSA FMVSS) 认证
证明经济有效性 30%减重花费 < $0/机动车
FEV/EDAG (US EPA)
Technical assessment of -18% mass Toyota Venza at < $0/vehicle
Includes crashworthiness safety (NHTSA FMVSS) validation and detailed tear-down
cost assessments
技术评估18%减重 Toyota Venza 花费 < $0/机动车
包括耐撞性安全(NHTSA FMVSS) 认证和具体的拆解成本评估
EDAG / Electricore (NHTSA)
Technical assessment of -22% mass-reduced Honda Accord at $319/vehicle
Includes crashworthiness safety (NHTSA FMVSS) validation
技术评估22%减重 Honda Accord 花费 $319/机动车
WorldAutoSteel “Future Steel Vehicle”
12-18% mass reduction, no additional cost, with only using steels
12-18%减重,仅使用钢材,无其他成本
George Washington University (NHTSA)
19% mass reduction from Chevrolet Silverado with advanced plastics, composites
19%减重 Chevrolet Silverado使用先进塑料和复合材料
14. Vehicle lightweighting is highly cost-effective 汽车轻量化具有很高的经济效益性
Major new state-of-the-art studies examine advanced materials, parts integration, system-level holistic vehicle redesign
High lightweighting potential, crashworthy designs, and diverse highly cost-effective approaches
EDAG, FEV, Lotus, and FSV lightweighting cost results are shown below
根据当前技术发展水平,主要研究对先进材料、零部件整合和整车系统设计改造进行 验证
轻量化潜力高、良好的防撞性设计,多种高经济效益的方法
下图显示了EDAG, FEV, Lotus, 和FSV的轻量化成本结果
14
-1000-5000500100015000%5%10%15%20%25%30%35% Incremental cost ($/vehicle) Percent vehicle curb weight reduction Data from older studies Data from recent state-of-art studiesGeck 2007 Ford F150 Lotus 2010 Das 2009 Cheah 2007 Plotkin 2009 AISI 1998 Das 2010 Das 2008 Das 2008 Bull 2009 NAS 2010 Montalbo 2008 AISI 2001 Ausn 2008 Ausn 2008 EEA 2007 EEA 2007 Lotus 2010 NHTSA EDAG 2012 FSV 2012 EPA FEV/EDAG 2012 Lotus 2012 Percent vehicle curb weight reduction
16. Global passenger car fuel consumption standards
世界乘用车油耗标准
16
U S 2025[2] : 4.4
C anada 2025: 4.4
M exico 2016: 6.5
E U 2021: 4.1
Japan 2020: 4.5
C hina 2020[1] : 5.0
S . K orea 2015: 6.3
India: 4.8
B razil 2017[3] : 6.3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
Liters per 100 K ilom eters (G asoline E quivalent)
norm alized to N E D C Test C ycle
U S
C anada
M exico
EU
Japan
C hina
S . K orea
India
B razil
S olid lines: historical perform ance
D ashed lines: enacted targets
D otted lines: proposed targets or targets under study
[1] China's target reflects gasoline vehicles only. The target may be higher after new energy vehicles are considered.
[2] The U.S. standards are fuel economy standards set by NHTSA, which is slightly different from GHG stadards due to A/C credits.
[3] Gasoline in Brazil contains 22% of ethanol (E22), all data in the chart have been converted to gasoline (E00) equivalent
[4] Supporting data can be found at: http://www.theicct.org/info-tools/global-passenger-vehicle-standards.
7
8
9
10
11
12
aso lin e E q u ivalen t)
Test C ycle
U S
C anad a
M exico
E U
Jap an
C hina
S . K o rea
S o lid lin es: h isto rical p erfo rm an ce
D ash ed lin es: en acted targ ets
D o tted lin es: p ro p o sed targ ets o r targ ets u n d er stu d y
Supporting data and assumptions at
http://www.theicct.org/info-tools/global-passenger-vehicle-standards
Standards are driving efficiency technology innovation and deployment globally
油耗标准驱动着全球的高效汽车的技术创新与部署
17. 17
Country/ Region
Regulated metric
Attribute
Form
Categories, classes, other provisions
Fuel Economy
Fuel Consumption
CO2/GHG
Weight
Footprint
Class
Continuous
Bins
European Union#
X
X
X
Eco-innovations, super-credits
United States
X
X
X
X
X
2WD, AC credit, FFV/E85, alternative fuels
Japan
X
X
X
Averaging within bins
China
X
X
X
X
Transmission, per- vehicle limits corporate average
Canada
X
X
X
X
AC credits, alternative fuels
South Korea*
X
X
X
X
Eco-innovations
Mexico
X
X
X
X
India
X
X
X
#: CO2 standards complemented by Air-conditioning, tyre pressure monitoring, gear-shift indicators etc.
* : FE/CO2 standards include consideration for tyre pressure monitoring, gear-shift indicators
Form of standards varies widely across regions 不同地区标准的形式各不相同
18. 18
Weight vs. footprint based vehicle standards
基于质量与基于脚印面积机动车标准的比较
vehicle weight [kg]
CO2 [g/km]
60% target line
-100 kg
-6 g/km
-100 kg
-6 g/km
Weight-based target system
60% target line
vehicle size [m2]
Footprint-based target system
If manufacturer applies weight reduction, most of the CO2-reduction effect is taken away due to more stringent CO2 target
Manufacturer fully benefits from the CO2-reduction effect of lightweighting
Weight-based standards reduce incentive to reduce weight
基于质量的标准体系大大降低了减重动力,并非技术中立
19. 0
300
600
900
1200
1500
1800
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Vehicle mass (kg)
Vehicle weight (lb)
All else
Plastic/composite
Aluminum
HSS/AHSS
Estimating lightweighting and material trends
轻量化与材料趋势预测
US regulatory agencies are projecting a trend for ~10% average vehicle
weight reduction for new vehicles in by 2025
Result from technology innovations (independent of fleet shifts in vehicle size)
OEMs using far more AHSS, aluminum, composites to achieve lightweighting goals
美国管理部门预测到2025年机动车平均重量将降低大约10%
技术创新的结果(独立于车队尺寸的改变)
厂商将使用更多的超高强度钢、铝、复合材料以达到轻量化目标
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13% ~18%
8%
8% ~16%
~11%
See US EPA and NHTSA 2010-2012 rulemaking analysis, Wards material trends;
Ducker Worldwide steel and aluminum trends, 2010-2012; Scheps, 2011
15%
9%
9%
20. Conclusions 结论
Lightweighting is a mainstream, cost-effective efficiency technology
Innovations in materials, manufacturing, computer-aided engineering are opening up new frontiers for lightweighting to increase efficiency without compromising safety
Lightweighting advances are especially critical for 2020+, electric vehicles
Regulatory design matters
Lightweight technology would be better promoted globally with size-based standards
轻量化是一个主流的、具有经济效益性的技术
材料、加工工艺和计算机辅助工程的创新将允许在不影响安全的情况下通过轻量化来达 到汽车效率的提高
轻量化的发展对2020年之后油耗走向和电动汽车尤为重要
政策管理设计十分重要
轻量化技术在基于尺寸的技术标准框架下会得到更好的发展
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21. Resources and links to lightweighting studies 资料和轻量化研究相关链接
Rulemaking / 政策制定:
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and National Highway Traffic Safety Admin. (NHTSA)
http://www.epa.gov/otaq/climate/regulations.htm
California Air Resources Board (CARB)
http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/2012/leviiighg2012/leviiighg2012.htm
Lotus report: http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/levprog/leviii/leviii.htm
Technical lightweighting studies, peer reviews:
http://www.epa.gov/otaq/climate/strategies-vehicle.htm
FEV EDAG: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/climate/documents/420r12026.pdf
NHTSA EDAG: ftp://ftp.nhtsa.dot.gov/CAFE/2017-25_Final/811666.pdf
Other resources /其他资源:
ICCT lightweighting links, reports
Lightweighting papers: http://theicct.org/vehicle-mass-reduction-resources
Lotus Phase 1: http://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/Mass_reduction_final_2010.pdf
World Auto Steel FSV: http://c315221.r21.cf1.rackcdn.com/FSV-EDAG_Phase2_Engineering_Report.pdf
Mock, 2011. Evaluation of parameter-based vehicle emissions targets in the EU
http://theicct.org/evaluation-parameter-based-vehicle-emissions-targets-eu
Lutsey, N., 2010. Review of Technical Literature and Trends Related to Automobile Mass-Reduction Technology.
http://pubs.its.ucdavis.edu/publication_detail.php?id=1390
German and Lutsey, 2010. Size or Mass? The Technical Rationale for Selecting Size as an Attribute for Vehicle Efficiency Standards
http://theicct.org/size-or-mass-technical-rationale-selecting-size-attribute-vehicle-efficiency-standards
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