This document summarizes UN-ESCWA's activities in supporting the development and implementation of energy efficiency directives in the Arab region. It provides an overview of ESCWA's work, including regional cooperation on energy issues, energy context and indicators in member countries, energy efficiency services provided, recent publications and projects like an energy efficiency program for Qatar. The Qatar pilot project identified energy efficiency and demand-side management measures across sectors that could reduce Qatar's electricity consumption by 17% through improved lighting, HVAC systems, power factor correction and more.

1. UN-ESCWA Activities in Support
of the Development and implementation of the
ENERGY EFFICIENCY DIRECTIVE in the Arab Region
by
WALID Al-Deghaili
Chief, Energy Section
Sustainable Development and Productivity Division (SDPD)
UN-ESCWA
«End Use Energy Efficiency: National Plans for Regional Energy Challenges»
Republic of Tunisia, 26-27 July 2010

2. CONTENTS
1- UN ESCWA.
2- ESCWA’s Regional Cooperation in the Energy Field
3- EE’s Context
4- EE Services Provided to ESCWA MCs
5- ESCWA’s Latest EE Activities
6- A Pilot EE Project: EE Program For Qatar
7- ESCWA’s Planned Activities 2010-2011 on EE
8- Conclusion /Looking Forward
(GEE21) 2

3. 1- UN ESCWA
 ESCWA was established in 1973, and it is one of the
five regional Commissions created by the United
Nations in order to fulfill the economic and social
goals set out in the United Nations Charter by
promoting cooperation and integration between the
countries in each region of the world.
 ESCWA forms part of the United Nations Secretariat
and, like other regional commissions, operates under
the supervision of the United Nations Economic and
Social Council.
3

4. 1- UN ESCWA (Cont’d)
• ESCWA comprises 14 Arab countries
– Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar,
Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic , United Arab Emirates and
Yemen.
4

5. 1- UN ESCWA (Cont’d)
ESCWA’s Programme of Work
Subprogramme 1. Integrated Management of Natural Resources for
Sustainable Development.
Subprogramme 2. Integrated Social Policies
Subprogramme 3. Economic Development and Integration
Subprogramme 4. Information and Communication Technology for
Regional Integration.
Subprogramme 5. Statistics for Evidence-Based Policymaking
Subprogramme 6. Advancement of Women
Subprogramme 7. Conflict Mitigation and Development
Substantive Responsibility for subprogramme 1 is vested within the
Sustainable Development and Productivity Division, which includes three
sections: Energy – Water Resources – Productive Sectors.
5

6. 1- UN ESCWA (Cont’d)
Energy Section’s Scope of Work
To improve the sustainable management of
natural resources through the focus on:
1. Improving Energy Efficiency (different sectors).
2.Enhancing Access to Modern Energy Services.
3.Increased Use of Renewable Energy Technologies.
4.Use of Advanced Fossil Fuel Technologies.
5.Transport & Sustainable Energy Use.
6

7. 2- ESCWA’s Regional Cooperation in the Energy Field
 ESCWA continued to forge closer cooperation in Energy Field for SD with
regional organizations, particularly
 The League of Arab States (LAS): The UN General Assembly Resolutions
57/46 in 2002, and 61/14 in 2007 urged UN organizations to enhance their
cooperation with LAS and its institutions and specialized organizations:
- The Arab Ministerial Council for Electricity.
- The Council of Arab Ministers Responsible for the Environment (CAMRE)
and the Joint Committee on environment and Development in the Arab
region (JCEDAR) and recently the establishment of an Arab Roundtable
on Sustainable Consumption and Production SCP.
- The Arab Federation For Youth & Environment (AFFYE)
 The Islamic Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO)
 The UNEP/ROWA (Regional office for western Asia)/Bahrain.
 The “Plan Bleu”
 The Regional Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency(RCREEE).
 ……..
7

8. 3- EE’s Context
A) At the International Level
• In April 2010, UN Secretary-General’s Advisory
Group on Energy and Climate Change issued a
report which called for scaling up efforts to meet the
climate challenge and realize the Millennium
Development Goals.
• The report stated that:
– A reliable, affordable energy supply is the key to economic
growth.
– A 40 per cent reduction in global energy intensity by 2030 is
needed for climate change mitigation (2.5 per cent per year).
8

9. 3- EE’s Context (Cont’d)
• The UN Foundation believing that reaching a
“legally binding agreement” on Climate Change
would entail lengthy and complex negotiations:
– Suggests that countries should use the upcoming
Cancun Climate Conference to initiate a global
partnership to deploy energy efficiency immediately at
large scale.
– Proposes that a “Cancun Energy Efficiency
Agreement” by which countries would make stronger
national commitments to improve energy efficiency
and mitigate emissions.
9

10. 3- EE’s Context (Cont’d)
• The Cancun Energy Efficiency Agreement
would include commitments for both
Annex I and Non-Annex I (developing)
countries.
• The major Non-Annex I commitments are
that:
– Countries should be encouraged to register
an expanded list of energy efficiency policies
undertaken and to be undertaken in exchange
for a commitment of supportive financial
incentives and technical support.
10

11. 3- EE’s Context (Cont’d)
B) At the Developing Countries Level:
• In order to meet those commitments, Non-
Annex I countries need to be prepared
through:
– Awareness raising,
– Capacity building activities,
– Technology transfer,
– Legislations,
– Financing mechanisms.
11

12. 3- EE’s Context (Cont’d)
C) Energy Indicators in ESCWA MCs
Primary energy supply by source (‘000 toe)
Crude Oil
Gas
Coal and Peat
Combustible Renewables and Waste
15 449; 2.91% 1 679; 0.32%
Hydro
1 006; 0.19% 156; 0.03% Geothermal, Solar, Etc.
166 733; 31.45%
345 113; 65.10%
Source: ESCWA, based on IEA data.
12

13. 3- EE’s Context (Cont’d)
Energy consumption by sector (‘000 toe)
Industry
Transport
Residential/Commercial/Public Services
Others
56 149; 22.19% 64 261; 25.40%
46 420; 18.35%
86 195; 34.07%
Source: ESCWA, based on IEA data.
13

14. 3- EE’s Context (Cont’d)
Energy intensity and Carbon intensity
Yemen
United Arab Emirates
Syria
Sudan
Saudi Arabia
Qatar
Palestine
Oman
Lebanon
Kuwait
Jordan
Iraq
Egypt
CO2/GDP (kg CO2/2000 US$)
Bahrain
TPES/GDP (toe/thousand 2000 US$)
ESCWA
TPES/GDP 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50
CO2/GDP 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00
Source: ESCWA, based on IEA data.
14

15. 3- EE’s Context (Cont’d)
per Capita emissions, GDP and TPES (kg/pop; US$/pop; toe/pop)
Yemen
United Arab Emirates
Syria
Sudan
Saudi Arabia
Qatar
Palestine
Oman
Lebanon
Kuwait
Jordan
Iraq TPES/Population (toe/capita)
Egypt GDP/Population (thousand 2000 US$/capita)
CO2/Population (tCO2/capita)
Bahrain
ESCWA
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00
Source: ESCWA, based on IEA data
15

16. 3- EE’s Context (Cont’d)
Are the Indicators, being used, useful for our region ??:
- Primary energy supply by source
- Energy consumption by sector
- Energy intensity
- Carbon intensity
- Emissions per Capita
 The total energy consumption would logically increase:
- To meet the countries development needs
- To ensure adequate energy access
- Due to the global warming effects of climate change
(AC – Desalination to counteract water scarcity….)
- Because GDP might increase due to the increase in oil
and gas prices, witch concern our oil and gas producing
countries.
16

17. 3- EE’s Context (Cont’d)
D) Specific Energy Problems in Arab Countries
• Energy Accessibility about 19 million people in the ESCWA countries (10 %),
mostly in rural areas, have no access to appropriate energy services especially
electricity; a further of 30 million (15.6 percent) are severely undersupplied.
• Poverty is a serious problem in several Arab countries and there is an urgent
need for increasing energy accessibility to the poor to mitigate energy and
human poverty.
• The Subsidized electricity tariffs and oil-gas prices is the main constraint witch
is facing the deployment of EE
• There are needs for: - Awareness raising
- Capacity Building
- Technology transfer
- Promoting Private/ Public Partnership
17

18. 3- EE’s Context (Cont’d)
E) EE objectives in the Arab Region:
- Reducing the energy invoice of each consumer.
- Reducing the amount of subsided energy
products.
- Reducing the fuel import of energy importer
countries (Lebanon – Jordan – Palestine –
Morocco ….) and increasing the fuel export for oil
& gas producer countries.
- Participation to the climate change mitigation
efforts taking into account that our region will
suffer from Climate Change. 18

19. 3- EE’s Context (Cont’d)
 ESCWA is participating to the working group of LAS concerning the
preparation of the Arab Guideline Framework for increasing the EE in
electricity sector at the end user level.
 ESCWA Energy Section SDPD is participating to the Steering Committee
energy activity programme of the Plan Bleu:
- This program includes a study on Indicators and EE in the SEMC’s
- The expected outcome of this study are mainly:
• Strengthening the capacity of SEMC’s in monitoring their energy
policies by using the indicator approach for energy management.
• Construct and interpret a set of relevant energy efficiency indicators in
the SEMC’s
• A comparative analysis between some countries: Algeria – Egypt –
Lebanon – Libya – Morocco – Tunisia – Syria – Palestine.
- Committee members suggested that a list of indicators recommended for
the region should be established before September 2010 and forwarded
to the LAS.
19

20. 4- EE Services Provided to ESCWA MCs
1. Regional Studies and Publications
2. Promotional Material & Fact Sheets
3. Expert Group Meetings (EGMs)
4. Capacity Building Activities
5. Technical Cooperation Projects
6. Field Projects
20

21. 5- ESCWA’s Latest EE Activities
Energy Efficiency Publications
Improving
Energy
Efficiency in the
Building Sector
21

22. 5- ESCWA’s Latest EE Activities (Cont’d)
Energy Efficiency Publications
Energy Efficiency & Cleaner Fossile Fuels Uses in Energy Conservation and Efficiency in the
Selected Sectors in Selected ESCWA Member Countries. Upstream Energy Sectors in Selected
Vol.I: Energy Efficiency in Selected Energy-Intensive ESCWA Member Countries.
Industries
22

23. 5- ESCWA’s Latest EE Activities (Cont’d)
Energy Efficiency Publications
23

24. 5- ESCWA’s Latest EE Activities (Cont’d)
Energy Efficiency Publications
24

25. 5- ESCWA’s Latest EE Activities (Cont’d)
Meetings
- Regional workshop on Energy Efficiency Labeling, Amman 18-19 Dec
2006.
- Regional workshop on projects funding through the Clean
Development Mechanisms (CDM), Amman 20-21 Dec 2006.
- National Workshop on Energy Efficiency and conservation, Sana’a
26-28 Jan. 2008.
- Regional Sustainable Production & Consumption Roundtable, Abu
Dhabi, March 2008. (UNEP-LAS-ESCWA)
- “Training of Trainers” on Energy Audit October 2008 Yemen.
- 2nd Sustainable Production and Consumption Roundtable, Cairo 27-29
September 2009.
- Transport for Sustainable Development in the Arab Region and
Relevant Climate Change Issues” 29 September to 01 October 2009,
Cairo - Egypt
- Training on Energy Balance and Energy Auditing – Sudan May 2010
25

26. 6- A Pilot EE Project: EE Program For Qatar
KM (KAHRAMAA) ESCWA
KM/ESCWA cooperation programme on
Energy Efficiency in the Qatari Electricity Sector
2006 - 2008
• Total cost around 400 000 US$ (KM 49% and ESCWA 51%)
26

27. 6- A Pilot EE Project: EE Program For Qatar (Cont’d)
Scope of Work
Item-1: Evaluating the Current and Future Electricity Supply and
Demand in the State of Qatar.
Item -2: Assessing the Load Profiles and Analyzing the Electrical
Energy Consumption Patterns in Various Sectors.
Item-3: Performing Energy Surveys/Audits at Selected Sites, in the
Main Energy Consuming Sectors.
Item-4: Identifying and Evaluating Possible Measures, Technologies
and Practices for Upgrading Energy Efficiency in the Qatari Sectors.
27

28. 6- A Pilot EE Project: EE Program For Qatar (Cont’d)
Item-5: Providing Guidelines and Recommendations for Electricity
Tariff Structure and Pricing.
Item-6: Identifying the requirements to develop Electrical Energy
Efficiency Programmes (EEEP) for Qatar and Developing a
preliminary Action Plan for EEEP implementation.
Item-7: Conducting a preliminary evaluation of the impact of (EEEP)
on the environment.
Item-8: Organizing a Seminar on “Measures and Technologies for
Improving Sectoral Energy Efficiencies in the Qatari Electricity
Sector”
28

29. 6- A Pilot EE Project: EE Program For Qatar (Cont’d)
EE/DSM Measures to be Implemented in EEEP
Load Management & Energy Conservation
Peak Clipping: Reducing maximum demand
Valley Filling: Improving load factor by Load Shifting: Shifting loads out of peak
building load in off-peak periods.
29

30. 6- A Pilot EE Project: EE Program For Qatar (Cont’d)
Based on Energy Audits, the Following EE/DSM Measures
were Identified/Evaluated
(i) EE/DSM measures of the Building sector (8 measures)
• Lighting Retrofits
• Building Envelope Improvements & Thermal Codes
• A/C Retrofits & Related Energy Labeling and standards
• Low Cost/No Cost Energy Efficiency Measures
• Power Factor Correction
• Introduction of Absorption chillers/Cogeneration/Distributed Generation
• Installation of Motor’s Efficiency Measures (Inverters, motor controllers,…).
• Awareness Programs
(ii) EE/DSM measures of the Industrial sector (7 measures)
• Load Shifting
• Standby Generation
• Reschedule Annual Maintenance
• Power Factor Correction
• High Efficiency Motors and Adjustable Speed Drives/Inverters
• Lighting Retrofit
30
• Good Housekeeping

31. 6- A Pilot EE Project: EE Program For Qatar (Cont’d)
GWh Reduction by Sub-building Sectors due to EEEP
Total Saving= 2021 GWh/yr
Before DSM measures (17% of total Qatar consumption)
9000 8430 GWh
After DSM measures
8000
Energy Consumption (GWh)
Others (Build.
envelope, BMS PF 6409 GWh
7000 before Using Correction)
daylighting and 18%
IT manag….etc.
5492 GWh
6000 )
18%
After
5000 4328 GWh
Upgrading AC
Eff. &
Operation
Lighting
18%
4000 Retrofit and
Control
46%
3000 2097 GWh
1487 GWh
2000
841 GWh
594 GWh
1000
0
Residential Commercial Government Total Building
Res.+Comm+Gover.
31

32. 6- A Pilot EE Project: EE Program For Qatar (Cont’d)
Potential Load Reduction (MW) due to EEEP
Implementation in the Industrial Sector
MW
Reduction in July = 96 MW (3.7 % of total Qatar)
2,600
2,400
2,200
Housekeeping Others
2,000 HE Motors
10%
9% 10%
Load Shifting
11%
1,800
Rescheduling
Maint. Plans
SGUs
1,600 33%
Program
27%
Total Peak Load Reduction : 96 MW
1,400
1,200
Current Dem and Dem and After DSM
1,000
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32

33. 6- A Pilot EE Project: EE Program For Qatar (Cont’d)
Demand after DSM Current Demand
3,000
Reduction in Aug = 550 MW ( 22.3% of total Qatar)
2,500
Load (MW)
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
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Load Reduction (MW) due to EEEP Implementation
in the State of Qatar (Building + Industry)
33

34. 6- A Pilot EE Project: EE Program For Qatar (Cont’d)
MW Peak Load Forecast In QPS without DSM
11000
10500
10000
9500
9000
8500
100% DSM
8000
7500
7000
6500
6000
5500 Without applying DSM Measures
5000
When applying 50% of DSM Measures
4500
When applying 80% of DSM Measures
4000
When applying 100% of DSM Measures
3500
3000
2500
Years
2000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Effect of EEEP Implementation on
Peak Demand Till 2020
34

35. 6- A Pilot EE Project: EE Program For Qatar (Cont’d)
GWh Electrical Energy Forecast In QPS Without DSM
58000
55000 Without applying DSM Measures
52000 When applying 50% of DSM Measures
49000 When applying 80% of DSM Measures 100% DSM
46000
When applying 100% of DSM Measures
43000
40000
37000
34000
31000
28000
25000
22000
19000
16000
13000
Years
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Effect of DSM Measures on Elec. Consumption (Gwh) for All Qatari
Elec. System Till 2020
35

36. 7- ESCWA’s Planned Activities 2010-2011 on EE
• Technical material on SMEs opportunities in
energy services (2010).
• Fact Sheet on improving EE in the electric power
sector in the ESCWA region (2010).
• Training on Energy Balance and Energy Audit in
UAE (2010)
• Study on “Policies and measures promoting
sustainable energy use in the transport sector in
the ESCWA region (2011)
• GEE 21
36

37. 7- ESCWA’s Planned Activities 2010-2011 on EE (Cont’d)
Global Energy Efficiency (GEE21): Cooperation between the
UN Regional Commissions on EE for CC Mitigation, was
launched by UN ECE at the UN Climate Change Conference
(COP 14) in Poznan within a UN Energy side event in Dec 2008.
The objective is to develop a more systematic exchange of
experience on:
1- Capacity Building;
2- Policy Reforms; and
3- Investment project finance
among countries of region of the world through their UN
Regional Commissions in order to:
1- Promote self-financing energy efficiency
improvements that raise economic productivity,
2- Diminish fuel poverty, and
3- Reduce air pollution such as GHG emissions.
37

38. 8- Conclusion / Looking Forward
• ESCWA within its objective to achieve integrated
sustainable management in the ESCWA region, will
put a focus on:
 Enhanced capacity of member countries to improve
the role of the energy sector in achieving sustainable
development, with particular emphasis on fulfilling
MDGs and integrating Climate Change Mitigation
and EE in national sustainable energy strategies.
 Strengthened South-South cooperation in the field
through its existing regional cooperation mechanisms.
38

39. 8- Conclusion / Looking Forward (Cont’d)
Provide technical support to ESCWA countries in:
- Awareness raising and capacity building.
- Conducting and improving their needs assessments for
& Energy Efficiency technologies.
- Enhancing Technology Transfer.
Support member Countries in the formulation of policies
to increase investment and financial flows.
Enhance cooperation and coordination with concerned
UN agencies, LAS Institutions and other organizations
(ISESCO – EU…) involved in the ESCWA region in
achieving the above.
39