The document discusses a Euro-Mediterranean project to integrate regional energy markets and promote national plans for energy efficiency. It focuses on presenting budget allocation charts for different countries, including Egypt. The charts compare the costs of conventional energy to various renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies to help decision-makers determine the most cost-effective investment options. Methodologies are described for selecting relevant technologies and measuring their potential energy savings and generation for each country. Preliminary outputs were generated but more data is still needed, particularly for energy efficiency measures.
3 borko raicevic en c sustainable energy, december 2013UNDPhr
The document discusses promotion of sustainable energy in the Energy Community. It summarizes the Energy Community Treaty signed in 2005 to extend the EU internal energy market to Southeast Europe. The treaty binds contracting parties to apply relevant EU energy acquis, including promoting renewable energy, energy efficiency, and investments. It establishes common legal frameworks for electricity, gas, environment and aims to create a single regulatory space. The document outlines renewable energy and energy efficiency directives adopted by the Energy Community, as well as activities to support their implementation and progress reports. It identifies barriers to sustainable energy in contracting parties and highlights the need for regional cooperation to boost renewable deployment and energy efficiency.
This document summarizes the position of the Committee C "Regional policies" of the Assembly of European Regions on the European Commission's Green Paper on Energy.
The committee welcomes the Commission's interest in energy issues but believes renewable energy sources are not given enough emphasis. Regions can play a key role in promoting renewable energy and energy efficiency. The committee requests that the Commission acknowledge the important role of regional actors and organizations in developing and implementing energy policy. It also calls for stronger targets and support for renewable energy projects.
The document describes the MARIE project consortium, which includes 23 partners from 9 Mediterranean countries working to develop the Mediterranean Building Energy Efficiency Improvement Strategy (MEDBEES). The consortium is led by the Government of Catalonia and includes various regional governments, universities, and agencies. The goal of MEDBEES is to identify barriers to improving energy efficiency in buildings in the Mediterranean region and develop measures and pilot projects to help overcome these barriers in order to meet EU energy targets by 2020.
This document summarizes a presentation about the MED-ENEC II project, which is funded by the European Union to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy in the construction sector in Mediterranean countries. The project aims to reduce costs for owners and users, increase private sector competitiveness, and reduce carbon emissions. It works towards these goals by improving policies, developing business partnerships, providing training, and supporting awareness campaigns. The presentation provides examples of pilot projects in Israel that achieved significant energy savings through traditional and modern passive design approaches.
Day 1-session 2 German Experience in Developing and Implementing National Ene...RCREEE
This document summarizes Germany's national energy efficiency action plan (NEEAP) and experience in developing and implementing such plans according to EU directives. It outlines the NEEAP's goals of establishing an energy efficiency strategy and identifying major opportunities. It also notes the economic and environmental benefits for countries creating these plans. Key policies and measures from Germany's NEEAP targeting sectors like buildings, industry and transport are highlighted.
The document discusses a Euro-Mediterranean project to integrate regional energy markets and promote national plans for energy efficiency. It focuses on presenting budget allocation charts for different countries, including Egypt. The charts compare the costs of conventional energy to various renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies to help decision-makers determine the most cost-effective investment options. Methodologies are described for selecting relevant technologies and measuring their potential energy savings and generation for each country. Preliminary outputs were generated but more data is still needed, particularly for energy efficiency measures.
3 borko raicevic en c sustainable energy, december 2013UNDPhr
The document discusses promotion of sustainable energy in the Energy Community. It summarizes the Energy Community Treaty signed in 2005 to extend the EU internal energy market to Southeast Europe. The treaty binds contracting parties to apply relevant EU energy acquis, including promoting renewable energy, energy efficiency, and investments. It establishes common legal frameworks for electricity, gas, environment and aims to create a single regulatory space. The document outlines renewable energy and energy efficiency directives adopted by the Energy Community, as well as activities to support their implementation and progress reports. It identifies barriers to sustainable energy in contracting parties and highlights the need for regional cooperation to boost renewable deployment and energy efficiency.
This document summarizes the position of the Committee C "Regional policies" of the Assembly of European Regions on the European Commission's Green Paper on Energy.
The committee welcomes the Commission's interest in energy issues but believes renewable energy sources are not given enough emphasis. Regions can play a key role in promoting renewable energy and energy efficiency. The committee requests that the Commission acknowledge the important role of regional actors and organizations in developing and implementing energy policy. It also calls for stronger targets and support for renewable energy projects.
The document describes the MARIE project consortium, which includes 23 partners from 9 Mediterranean countries working to develop the Mediterranean Building Energy Efficiency Improvement Strategy (MEDBEES). The consortium is led by the Government of Catalonia and includes various regional governments, universities, and agencies. The goal of MEDBEES is to identify barriers to improving energy efficiency in buildings in the Mediterranean region and develop measures and pilot projects to help overcome these barriers in order to meet EU energy targets by 2020.
This document summarizes a presentation about the MED-ENEC II project, which is funded by the European Union to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy in the construction sector in Mediterranean countries. The project aims to reduce costs for owners and users, increase private sector competitiveness, and reduce carbon emissions. It works towards these goals by improving policies, developing business partnerships, providing training, and supporting awareness campaigns. The presentation provides examples of pilot projects in Israel that achieved significant energy savings through traditional and modern passive design approaches.
Day 1-session 2 German Experience in Developing and Implementing National Ene...RCREEE
This document summarizes Germany's national energy efficiency action plan (NEEAP) and experience in developing and implementing such plans according to EU directives. It outlines the NEEAP's goals of establishing an energy efficiency strategy and identifying major opportunities. It also notes the economic and environmental benefits for countries creating these plans. Key policies and measures from Germany's NEEAP targeting sectors like buildings, industry and transport are highlighted.
The document discusses the Mediterranean Solar Plan (MSP), which aims to increase renewable energy capacity in the Mediterranean region. It outlines the MSP's goals of developing large-scale solar power and grid interconnections, as well as energy efficiency opportunities. It also describes the "Paving the Way for MSP" project, which works with countries to improve regulations, transfer knowledge, support sustainable energy policies, and facilitate investment to enable the MSP. The project addresses both country-specific and regional issues through various tasks.
Cost effectiveness of cohesion policy investments in energy efficiencyMARIE Project
This document summarizes a report by the European Court of Auditors on the cost-effectiveness of Cohesion Policy investments in energy efficiency. The Court assessed whether such investments were cost-effective in three EU countries. It found that the programming and financing of the investments did not enable cost-effective projects because needs assessments were inadequate, cost-effectiveness was not a key factor, and monitoring indicators were inappropriate. It also found that energy efficiency projects in public buildings were not cost-effective, as their main objective was refurbishment rather than energy savings, energy audits were sometimes lacking, and the investments had an average payback period of around 50 years, which is too long.
Introduction to the Renewable Energy DirectiveLeonardo ENERGY
The document discusses the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) of the European Union. It provides:
- An overview of the historic development of renewable energy in the EU and key policies leading up to the 2009 RED.
- Details of the 2009 RED, including binding national renewable energy targets for EU member states aimed at achieving an overall 20% renewable energy share by 2020.
- Information on how the European Commission calculated varying national targets based on member states' 2005 renewable energy shares and economic potentials.
- Charts showing progress towards interim targets based on member states' national plans and Eurostat data on deployment from 2005 to 2020.
Summary of Intelligent Energy Europe (IEE) project-SMILEGOV
The IEE funded project Smarter Multi Level Governance (SMILEGOV) is examining the major barriers to creating a low carbon society on islands. It is bringing together the various stakeholders and the multilevels of governance required to achieve the EU target of 20% reduction in Carbon and 20% increase in renewable energies by the year 2020, ie less than 6 years from now. The crux of the project is to engage all stakeholders including islanders to agree to the Pact of Islands. The pact asks for commitment to examine and agree an island energy action plan within 12 months of signing the document.
Using the Pan European Island programme SMILEGOV, we are working with other islands as per the Pact of Islands. To date, Arainn Mhor is creating a story board, a platform to collaborate, creating a model that others can emulate by working together.
Boosting building renovation: what potential and value for Europe?Judit Urquijo
Renovation of buildings is key to meet the EU’s energy efficiency targets. This paper reviews the literature on the state of the building stock and assesses various policy options and their potential for boosting the energy efficient renovation of buildings in Europe.
Although the European Union had legislated in the area of energy policy for many years, the concept of introducing a mandatory and comprehensive European energy policy was for a long time not approved. With the Treaty of Lisbon this changed. The Treaty includes legal solidarity in matters of energy supply and gives the EU the right to change energy policy within the EU.
Following the adoption of the Kyoto protocol, the EU set out in implementing the greenhouse gas reductions goals. Given the flagship initiative at the time of Europe 2020, the climate and energy package that was proposed in 2007 and adopted in 2009 took the form of the 20 20 20 by 2020 goals. The package is a set of binding legislation to ensure the EU meets its climate and energy targets by the year 2020. It includes three key targets:
* 20% cut in greenhouse gas emissions (from 1990 levels)
* 20% of EU energy from renewables
* 20% improvement in energy efficiency
FARM MANAGEMENT FOR BIOMASS AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCESpalotas
This document provides an overview of a training module on farm management for biomass and renewable energy sources. It consists of two parts:
Part 1 covers EU policy and general issues about renewable energies in 20 slides, including a 10 question multiple choice test. Part 2 contains details on farm use of renewable energy sources in 30 slides, also including a 10 question multiple choice test. Completing both tests correctly allows the user to print a certificate at level 3.
The document introduces the module contents and objectives to explain the role of renewable energy sources in achieving EU goals for energy supply/demand and emissions reductions. It discusses relevant policy frameworks and initiatives, including targets for renewable energy and emissions cuts by 2020. Agriculture is described as having
Ljubljana declaration 23102013_en_signaturesAniela2
The document discusses challenges regarding energy efficiency and renewable energy in Mediterranean buildings. It notes that the Mediterranean area is lagging in moving towards nearly-zero energy buildings by 2020. It also faces specific barriers like traditional low emphasis on insulation and ageing building stock. However, investing in low-carbon transition for buildings can boost jobs and living standards. The ELIH-MED, MARIE and PROFORBIOMED projects show how EU support can encourage this transition. Representatives from these projects call for a new governance model and strategies to improve energy efficiency in Mediterranean buildings.
The document outlines the Mediterranean Solar Plan (MSP), which aims to develop renewable energy sources and improve energy efficiency in the Mediterranean region by 2020. Specifically, the MSP seeks to:
1) Develop 20 GW of new renewable energy production capacity, focusing on solar and other technologies.
2) Achieve 20% energy savings compared to projections through efficiency measures.
3) Launch pilot projects in 2009-2010 to test frameworks and mechanisms before a larger scale deployment from 2011-2020 outlined in a Master Plan.
The document discusses Kosovo's energy strategy and its focus on increasing energy security, diversifying energy sources, and protecting the environment. It aims to stimulate efficient energy use and increase use of renewable resources. Currently, Kosovo's energy system relies heavily on thermal power generation from lignite, producing high emissions. The strategy proposes developing a new lignite power plant called "New Kosovo" to gradually replace aging facilities and meet future demand under two economic growth scenarios. It also discusses integrating Kosovo's energy sector with regional and European energy policies and markets.
Session1 eu policy_initiatives_to_promote_re_based_electricity_generation_in_...RCREEE
The document discusses using EU policy initiatives to promote renewable energy (RE)-based electricity generation in MENA countries. It outlines several EU policies and tools that could support this, including RE targets, financial support schemes, emissions trading, and technical cooperation. However, it finds that current support is insufficient for ambitious RE goals. It recommends strengthening cooperation through a roadmap approach, harmonizing rules on issues like green certificates and emissions trading, and supporting initiatives through the Regional Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency. Innovative financing mechanisms are seen as indispensable.
EESC Position paper on the 2030 framework for climate and energy policiesNuno Quental
The document summarizes key opinions from the European Economic and Social Committee on the European Union's 2030 climate and energy policy framework. It calls for setting binding national renewable energy targets to help achieve the EU-wide targets of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 40% and producing 27% of energy from renewable sources by 2030. It also recommends defining sector-specific energy efficiency targets and establishing a European Energy Community and governance system to coordinate energy policies across member states through a transparent stakeholder dialogue process. This would help deliver the targets of the 2030 framework at lowest cost while ensuring civil society involvement and support for the large-scale energy transition needed.
Med enec building ee indicators f visser121129RCREEE
This document discusses key building energy indicators for Lebanon that were developed as part of a European Union-funded project. It identifies relevant indicators for evaluating energy efficiency programs and developing building energy codes, including overall and specific energy consumption for various building sectors and end uses. The indicators will help establish data collection methods and benchmarks to assess Lebanon's building stock energy performance.
The Scope for Energy Saving in the EU through the Use of Energy-Efficient Dis...Leonardo ENERGY
Highlights:
* Distribution transformers represent an important focus for energy efficiency initiatives.
* They are a worthwhile area for R&D, demonstration and promotional effort.
* The potential for reducing losses from distribution transformers affects strategies on energy efficiency and global warming.
* An action plan should be developed to achieve these goals.
* The strategy should be carefully co-ordinated, technically sound, and involve partners from all the supply chain.
EESC position paper on the international climate negotiationsNuno Quental
The document discusses key issues and recommendations for the 2015 international climate agreement in Paris. It calls for a binding agreement that includes concrete greenhouse gas reduction commitments from all countries. It emphasizes establishing a global carbon market and phasing out fossil fuel subsidies. It also stresses the need to accelerate renewable energy development, particularly decentralized community renewable projects. Finally, it highlights the importance of strengthening climate adaptation efforts, particularly for vulnerable regions, and establishing a transparent system for measuring and verifying climate action commitments.
Introduction to the Energy Efficiency DirectiveLeonardo ENERGY
The Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) was adopted in 2012 and is one of the EU’s four key Directives addressing energy efficiency in stationary (i.e. non transport) end-uses (the others being the Energy Performance in Buildings Directive, The Ecodesign Directive and the Energy Labelling Directive). Given that the other Directives cover the energy performance of buildings and equipment the EED is designed to address energy savings opportunities that are not readily addressed by the other Directives. It has its origin in the preceding Energy Services Directive, which was repealed when the EED was adopted. The Energy Efficiency Directive establishes a set of binding measures intended to help the EU reach its 20% energy efficiency target by 2020. Under the Directive, all EU countries are required to use energy more efficiently at all stages of the energy chain from its production to its final consumption. EU countries were required to transpose the Directive's provisions into their national laws by 5 June 2014.
President, National Council for Energy (CNE), Spain
President, Iberoamerican Association of Energy Regulatory Entities /Asociación de Reguladores Iberoamericanos de la Energía (ARIAE)
The document discusses sustainable business models and three sub-topics: the Base of the Pyramid, microfinance, and microinsurance. It provides an overview of approaches and strategies for each, including challenges and debates. Key points include exploring underserved markets profitably through affordable products and services, the impacts and approaches of microfinance programs, and principles and operational challenges of microinsurance to protect the poor against risks. The document aims to facilitate discussion on business opportunities and responsibilities regarding poverty alleviation.
Workshop on "Sustainable Entrepreneurship in the Fashion Industry" by oikos PhD Fellow Kim Poldner, held during Spring Meeting 2009 in BI Oslo, 27 March 2009
The document discusses the Mediterranean Solar Plan (MSP), which aims to increase renewable energy capacity in the Mediterranean region. It outlines the MSP's goals of developing large-scale solar power and grid interconnections, as well as energy efficiency opportunities. It also describes the "Paving the Way for MSP" project, which works with countries to improve regulations, transfer knowledge, support sustainable energy policies, and facilitate investment to enable the MSP. The project addresses both country-specific and regional issues through various tasks.
Cost effectiveness of cohesion policy investments in energy efficiencyMARIE Project
This document summarizes a report by the European Court of Auditors on the cost-effectiveness of Cohesion Policy investments in energy efficiency. The Court assessed whether such investments were cost-effective in three EU countries. It found that the programming and financing of the investments did not enable cost-effective projects because needs assessments were inadequate, cost-effectiveness was not a key factor, and monitoring indicators were inappropriate. It also found that energy efficiency projects in public buildings were not cost-effective, as their main objective was refurbishment rather than energy savings, energy audits were sometimes lacking, and the investments had an average payback period of around 50 years, which is too long.
Introduction to the Renewable Energy DirectiveLeonardo ENERGY
The document discusses the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) of the European Union. It provides:
- An overview of the historic development of renewable energy in the EU and key policies leading up to the 2009 RED.
- Details of the 2009 RED, including binding national renewable energy targets for EU member states aimed at achieving an overall 20% renewable energy share by 2020.
- Information on how the European Commission calculated varying national targets based on member states' 2005 renewable energy shares and economic potentials.
- Charts showing progress towards interim targets based on member states' national plans and Eurostat data on deployment from 2005 to 2020.
Summary of Intelligent Energy Europe (IEE) project-SMILEGOV
The IEE funded project Smarter Multi Level Governance (SMILEGOV) is examining the major barriers to creating a low carbon society on islands. It is bringing together the various stakeholders and the multilevels of governance required to achieve the EU target of 20% reduction in Carbon and 20% increase in renewable energies by the year 2020, ie less than 6 years from now. The crux of the project is to engage all stakeholders including islanders to agree to the Pact of Islands. The pact asks for commitment to examine and agree an island energy action plan within 12 months of signing the document.
Using the Pan European Island programme SMILEGOV, we are working with other islands as per the Pact of Islands. To date, Arainn Mhor is creating a story board, a platform to collaborate, creating a model that others can emulate by working together.
Boosting building renovation: what potential and value for Europe?Judit Urquijo
Renovation of buildings is key to meet the EU’s energy efficiency targets. This paper reviews the literature on the state of the building stock and assesses various policy options and their potential for boosting the energy efficient renovation of buildings in Europe.
Although the European Union had legislated in the area of energy policy for many years, the concept of introducing a mandatory and comprehensive European energy policy was for a long time not approved. With the Treaty of Lisbon this changed. The Treaty includes legal solidarity in matters of energy supply and gives the EU the right to change energy policy within the EU.
Following the adoption of the Kyoto protocol, the EU set out in implementing the greenhouse gas reductions goals. Given the flagship initiative at the time of Europe 2020, the climate and energy package that was proposed in 2007 and adopted in 2009 took the form of the 20 20 20 by 2020 goals. The package is a set of binding legislation to ensure the EU meets its climate and energy targets by the year 2020. It includes three key targets:
* 20% cut in greenhouse gas emissions (from 1990 levels)
* 20% of EU energy from renewables
* 20% improvement in energy efficiency
FARM MANAGEMENT FOR BIOMASS AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCESpalotas
This document provides an overview of a training module on farm management for biomass and renewable energy sources. It consists of two parts:
Part 1 covers EU policy and general issues about renewable energies in 20 slides, including a 10 question multiple choice test. Part 2 contains details on farm use of renewable energy sources in 30 slides, also including a 10 question multiple choice test. Completing both tests correctly allows the user to print a certificate at level 3.
The document introduces the module contents and objectives to explain the role of renewable energy sources in achieving EU goals for energy supply/demand and emissions reductions. It discusses relevant policy frameworks and initiatives, including targets for renewable energy and emissions cuts by 2020. Agriculture is described as having
Ljubljana declaration 23102013_en_signaturesAniela2
The document discusses challenges regarding energy efficiency and renewable energy in Mediterranean buildings. It notes that the Mediterranean area is lagging in moving towards nearly-zero energy buildings by 2020. It also faces specific barriers like traditional low emphasis on insulation and ageing building stock. However, investing in low-carbon transition for buildings can boost jobs and living standards. The ELIH-MED, MARIE and PROFORBIOMED projects show how EU support can encourage this transition. Representatives from these projects call for a new governance model and strategies to improve energy efficiency in Mediterranean buildings.
The document outlines the Mediterranean Solar Plan (MSP), which aims to develop renewable energy sources and improve energy efficiency in the Mediterranean region by 2020. Specifically, the MSP seeks to:
1) Develop 20 GW of new renewable energy production capacity, focusing on solar and other technologies.
2) Achieve 20% energy savings compared to projections through efficiency measures.
3) Launch pilot projects in 2009-2010 to test frameworks and mechanisms before a larger scale deployment from 2011-2020 outlined in a Master Plan.
The document discusses Kosovo's energy strategy and its focus on increasing energy security, diversifying energy sources, and protecting the environment. It aims to stimulate efficient energy use and increase use of renewable resources. Currently, Kosovo's energy system relies heavily on thermal power generation from lignite, producing high emissions. The strategy proposes developing a new lignite power plant called "New Kosovo" to gradually replace aging facilities and meet future demand under two economic growth scenarios. It also discusses integrating Kosovo's energy sector with regional and European energy policies and markets.
Session1 eu policy_initiatives_to_promote_re_based_electricity_generation_in_...RCREEE
The document discusses using EU policy initiatives to promote renewable energy (RE)-based electricity generation in MENA countries. It outlines several EU policies and tools that could support this, including RE targets, financial support schemes, emissions trading, and technical cooperation. However, it finds that current support is insufficient for ambitious RE goals. It recommends strengthening cooperation through a roadmap approach, harmonizing rules on issues like green certificates and emissions trading, and supporting initiatives through the Regional Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency. Innovative financing mechanisms are seen as indispensable.
EESC Position paper on the 2030 framework for climate and energy policiesNuno Quental
The document summarizes key opinions from the European Economic and Social Committee on the European Union's 2030 climate and energy policy framework. It calls for setting binding national renewable energy targets to help achieve the EU-wide targets of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 40% and producing 27% of energy from renewable sources by 2030. It also recommends defining sector-specific energy efficiency targets and establishing a European Energy Community and governance system to coordinate energy policies across member states through a transparent stakeholder dialogue process. This would help deliver the targets of the 2030 framework at lowest cost while ensuring civil society involvement and support for the large-scale energy transition needed.
Med enec building ee indicators f visser121129RCREEE
This document discusses key building energy indicators for Lebanon that were developed as part of a European Union-funded project. It identifies relevant indicators for evaluating energy efficiency programs and developing building energy codes, including overall and specific energy consumption for various building sectors and end uses. The indicators will help establish data collection methods and benchmarks to assess Lebanon's building stock energy performance.
The Scope for Energy Saving in the EU through the Use of Energy-Efficient Dis...Leonardo ENERGY
Highlights:
* Distribution transformers represent an important focus for energy efficiency initiatives.
* They are a worthwhile area for R&D, demonstration and promotional effort.
* The potential for reducing losses from distribution transformers affects strategies on energy efficiency and global warming.
* An action plan should be developed to achieve these goals.
* The strategy should be carefully co-ordinated, technically sound, and involve partners from all the supply chain.
EESC position paper on the international climate negotiationsNuno Quental
The document discusses key issues and recommendations for the 2015 international climate agreement in Paris. It calls for a binding agreement that includes concrete greenhouse gas reduction commitments from all countries. It emphasizes establishing a global carbon market and phasing out fossil fuel subsidies. It also stresses the need to accelerate renewable energy development, particularly decentralized community renewable projects. Finally, it highlights the importance of strengthening climate adaptation efforts, particularly for vulnerable regions, and establishing a transparent system for measuring and verifying climate action commitments.
Introduction to the Energy Efficiency DirectiveLeonardo ENERGY
The Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) was adopted in 2012 and is one of the EU’s four key Directives addressing energy efficiency in stationary (i.e. non transport) end-uses (the others being the Energy Performance in Buildings Directive, The Ecodesign Directive and the Energy Labelling Directive). Given that the other Directives cover the energy performance of buildings and equipment the EED is designed to address energy savings opportunities that are not readily addressed by the other Directives. It has its origin in the preceding Energy Services Directive, which was repealed when the EED was adopted. The Energy Efficiency Directive establishes a set of binding measures intended to help the EU reach its 20% energy efficiency target by 2020. Under the Directive, all EU countries are required to use energy more efficiently at all stages of the energy chain from its production to its final consumption. EU countries were required to transpose the Directive's provisions into their national laws by 5 June 2014.
President, National Council for Energy (CNE), Spain
President, Iberoamerican Association of Energy Regulatory Entities /Asociación de Reguladores Iberoamericanos de la Energía (ARIAE)
The document discusses sustainable business models and three sub-topics: the Base of the Pyramid, microfinance, and microinsurance. It provides an overview of approaches and strategies for each, including challenges and debates. Key points include exploring underserved markets profitably through affordable products and services, the impacts and approaches of microfinance programs, and principles and operational challenges of microinsurance to protect the poor against risks. The document aims to facilitate discussion on business opportunities and responsibilities regarding poverty alleviation.
Workshop on "Sustainable Entrepreneurship in the Fashion Industry" by oikos PhD Fellow Kim Poldner, held during Spring Meeting 2009 in BI Oslo, 27 March 2009
This document summarizes a fundraising workshop presented by Kim Poldner of oikos International. The workshop covered the basics of fundraising including defining what fundraising is and isn't, setting goals, understanding why people do and don't donate, and sources of contributions. It provided tips for an effective sales kit including detailing your organization's case, goals, achievements, and needs. Personal lessons emphasized credibility, impact, authenticity, and making donors feel like insiders who own the organization.
Presentation held by Nirjat Subrat during oikos swissnex Practitioner Day 2011 @ IIM Bangalore, India, 26 August 2011.
http://www.oikos-international.org/academic/development/development-academy-2011/practitioner-day.html
This document discusses oikos alumni networking and lifelong learning opportunities. It defines alumni as people ranging from their mid-20s to mid-40s who were once connected to oikos through various activities. The document outlines objectives to foster interaction between alumni and current students, create a learning cycle, and raise awareness of alumni networks. It discusses online networking tools and holding local and international alumni events to reconnect alumni and share knowledge.
Presentation held by Dr. Nadagouda during the oikos swissnex Practitioner Day 2011 @ IIM Bangalore, India, 26 August 2011.
http://www.oikos-international.org/academic/development/development-academy-2011/practitioner-day.html
Oikos is an international student organization that promotes sustainability in economics and management. It has 27 local chapters across 18 countries that organize educational events. Oikos supports these chapters and helps new ones start up through coaching, seminars, and international meetings. Oikos also engages students through academic projects, case competitions, and PhD programs to integrate sustainability into research.
Presentation on "Public Value Creation" by oikos PhD Fellow Nina Hug, held during the PhD Colloquium at the oikos Spring Meeting 2009 in Oslo, 26 March 2009
1. The document discusses using logical frameworks (logframes) and indicators to systematically plan, manage, and measure the impacts of projects.
2. It introduces the key components of a logframe - purpose, goals, outputs, activities, inputs, assumptions, and indicators.
3. The workshop guides participants through exercises to develop logframes for their project ideas and refine them based on feedback.
Oikos Consulting provides recruitment, human resource consulting, and manpower outsourcing services. They help organizations with staffing needs and developing their employees. Their services include recruitment, HR consulting on policies and structure, and outsourcing staff. They have over 50 professionals and experience in multiple industries such as IT, BFSI, engineering, and manufacturing.
Presentation held by Ashish Kumar during the oikos swissnex Practitioner Day 2011 @ IIM Bangalore, India, 26 August 2011.
http://www.oikos-international.org/academic/development/development-academy-2011/practitioner-day.html
Shaping Ideas – LogFrame Workshop at the oikos Winter School 2008Martin Herrndorf
Great projects start from great ideas – but these need shaping and modelling. This workshop introduces a method (LogFrame) for forming an idea into a project, reaching clarity about the overall goal and mission, the specific change mechanisms and the ultimate actions. LogFrames also help to set indicators of success and to reflect and ques-tions the key assumptions behind the pro-ject. Whether done alone or as a group exer-cise, they create common understanding and clarity towards outside parties. In the work-shop, participants will not only learn about the method, but apply it to their ideas to take them to the ‘next level’.
oikos was founded in 1987 by students in St. Gallen, Switzerland who aimed to promote sustainability in economics and management. The founders chose the name "oikos" as it reflects their view that ecology and economy are closely related. oikos has since grown into an international network of over 40 chapters worldwide that generates knowledge through conferences and events, takes action on sustainability through initiatives, and provides experiential learning for students through programs like Model WTO and consulting.
SESSION1_Identification of the mediterranean solar plan (imsp); an europeaid ...RCREEE
This document discusses the Euro-Mediterranean Energy Market Integration Project (MED-EMIP), which aims to promote renewable energy in the Mediterranean region. It prepared 44 recommended energy efficiency and renewable energy measures in 2008. MED-EMIP cannot implement all recommendations alone and some require additional funding. The document also discusses the Mediterranean Solar Plan's goal of 20,000 MW of solar and wind capacity by 2020 through private investment, and the need to make domestic sales and exports commercially attractive. Consultations were held in 2009 on improving EU and regional policies to achieve these goals. Key issues discussed are whether countries should consume expensive domestic solar power or lobby for exports, and what level of cross-subsidy from other energy sources is socially acceptable to
The document presents budget allocation charts for energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies in Morocco. It summarizes the country's energy situation, key technologies for efficiency and renewables, and the methodology used to create budget allocation charts. The charts show the additional energy savings and costs of various technologies, helping policymakers identify the most effective options to maximize energy savings or minimize costs. Specifically, the charts indicate technologies with the highest savings and most cost-effective options to guide policy decisions.
IEA Technology roadmap solar photovoltaic energy 2014 Andrew Gelston
This document provides a summary and update of the International Energy Agency's 2014 technology roadmap for solar photovoltaic energy. It envisions solar PV providing up to 16% of global electricity by 2050, compared to 11% in the 2010 roadmap. Significant cost reductions have already been achieved, with further reductions possible through targeted research and development. Large-scale integration of variable solar PV will require measures to ensure grid stability and flexibility. Clear and predictable policy support is needed to continue driving down costs and overcoming non-economic barriers to deployment in order to achieve the roadmap's vision.
Since 2010, the world has added more solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity than in the previous four decades. New systems were installed in 2013 at a rate of 100 megawatts (MW) of capacity per day. Total global capacity overtook 150 gigawatts (GW) in early 2014. The geographical pattern of deployment is rapidly changing. While a few European countries, led by Germany and Italy, initiated large-scale PV development, PV systems are now expanding in other parts of the world, often under sunnier skies. Since 2013, the People’s Republic of China has led the global PV market, followed by Japan and the United States. PV system prices have been divided by three in six years in most markets, while module prices have been divided by five. The cost of electricity from new built systems varies from USD 90 to USD 300/MWh depending on the solar resource; the type, size and cost of systems; maturity of markets and costs of capital. This roadmap envisions PV’s share of global electricity reaching 16% by 2050, a significant increase from the 11% goal in the 2010 roadmap. PV generation would contribute 17% to all clean electricity, and 20% of all renewable electricity. China is expected to continue leading the global market, accounting for about 37% of global capacity by 2050. Achieving this roadmap’s vision of 4 600 GW of installed PV capacity by 2050 would avoid the emission of up to 4 gigatonnes (Gt) of carbon dioxide (CO2) annually. This roadmap assumes that the costs of electricity from PV in different parts of the world will converge as markets develop, with an average cost reduction of 25% by 2020, 45% by 2030, and 65% by 2050, leading to a range of USD 40 to 160/MWh, assuming a cost of capital of 8%. To achieve the vision in this roadmap, the total PV capacity installed each year needs to rise rapidly, from 36 GW in 2013 to 124 GW per year on average, with a peak of 200 GW per year between 2025 and 2040. Including the cost of repowering – the replacement of older installations – annual investment needs to reach an average of about USD 225 billion, more than twice that of 2013.
This document summarizes a study conducted by the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) on the system costs of decarbonizing electricity generation with high shares of nuclear power and renewables. The study models eight scenarios with different technology mixes to achieve a 50g CO2/kWh target by 2050. It finds that a balanced mix of variable renewables, nuclear, and other dispatchable generation results in the lowest system costs. High shares of variable renewables increase costs due to integration challenges, though these costs can be reduced through policies that value reliability and flexibility. The study provides policymakers with insights on cost-effectively achieving deep decarbonization of the electricity sector.
Presentation of Semida Silveira for the "2nd Workshop on the Impact of New Technologies on the Sustainability of the Sugarcane/Bioethanol Production Cycle"
Apresentação de Semida Silveira realizada no "2nd Workshop on the Impact of New Technologies on the Sustainability of the Sugarcane/Bioethanol Production Cycle "
Date / Data : Novr 11th - 12th 2009/
11 e 12 de novembro de 2009
Place / Local: CTBE, Campinas, Brazil
Event Website / Website do evento: http://www.bioetanol.org.br/workshop5
Janez Kopac, Director of the Energy Community SecretariatWEC Italia
Slides presentate in occasione del Seminario "The Energy transition in Europe: different pathways, same destination? organizzato da Edison in collaborazione con WEC Italia il 29 maggio 2013 a Roma - TWITTER #NRGstrategy
The document summarizes key aspects of EU energy policy and renewable energy development trends:
1) The EU has a number of interconnected energy policies aimed at increasing competitiveness, renewable energy use, energy efficiency, and reducing emissions.
2) The EU's 20-20-20 targets of 20% reductions in emissions, 20% renewable energy use, and 20% energy efficiency improvements by 2020 are driving a transition to low-carbon energy solutions.
3) The EU Renewables Directive sets national renewable energy targets and requirements to promote the development of renewable energy.
The document discusses early thoughts on the Roadmap 2050 for European energy policy. It outlines goals of abundant, affordable, and acceptable energy across Europe. It emphasizes that national energy policies can no longer be achieved without a European perspective. It also stresses the importance of completing the integration of European energy markets through regional market coupling. Major investments will be needed in infrastructure and innovation, potentially funded through existing funds or revenues from emissions trading schemes. The future fuel mix is expected to be low carbon but the specific path is still uncertain and will depend on factors like fuel prices, subsidies, climate policy, and public demand for renewables. Energy efficiency, especially in buildings, industry, and transport, will also be key.
Presentation from the OECD Workshop “Climate transition scenarios: integrating models into risk assessment under uncertainty and the cost of delayed action” (6 July 2022) - Session 2, Jean-Francois Mercure, World Bank Group, University of Exeter
BUILD UPON: Luca Bertalot - Road Map for an Energy Efficient MortgageGBC Finland
Buildings are responsible for 40% of EU energy consumption and 36% of CO2 emissions. 75-90% of the existing building stock will still be standing in 2050, so improving energy efficiency is key to meeting EU energy and emissions targets. This document proposes a pan-European financing mechanism to incentivize households to retrofit buildings for energy efficiency through financial incentives linked to mortgages. This would support private investment in energy efficiency improvements estimated to be €100 billion per year, helping the EU meet its 2020 energy savings target.
The Strategic Energy Technology Plan: at the heart of energy R&I in EuropeNuno Quental
The Strategic Energy Technology (SET) Plan document outlines the key milestones in the 10-year history of the SET Plan, which was established to help reshape Europe's energy future and accelerate the clean energy transition. The SET Plan aims to develop new technologies through breakthrough research to meet climate change goals and reduce costs. It focuses R&I funding on priority technologies and leverages cooperation across European countries and the private sector. Over the past decade, renewable energy costs have declined significantly while deployment has increased substantially in Europe, putting the EU in a leading global position for many clean energy sectors. However, greater ambition is still needed to achieve emissions reduction targets.
IEA Bioenergy TCP: preparing the role of bioenergy in the future energy systemIEA-ETSAP
The document discusses IEA Bioenergy, which facilitates bioenergy commercialization. It functions within the IEA and has 24 member countries. IEA Bioenergy aims to provide clear verified bioenergy information through 11 tasks and projects on topics like biofuels and biorefining. The organization's roadmap sees bioenergy providing 17-22% of carbon savings by increasing roles in transport, power, and industry to support climate goals. IEA Bioenergy works to accelerate mature bioenergy and stimulate new technologies while ensuring sustainable feedstock delivery.
This document provides a summary of the IEA's 2020 special report on carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS). Some key points:
- CCUS plays an important role in the IEA's Sustainable Development Scenario for reaching net-zero emissions by 2070, as it is necessary for reducing emissions in hard-to-abate sectors like heavy industry and from existing energy infrastructure.
- There are currently around 20 commercial CCUS facilities worldwide but momentum is growing, with over 30 new projects announced in the last 3 years mainly in Europe, US, Australia, China, Korea, and the Middle East.
- Innovation will be needed to reduce the costs of CCUS technologies and make deployment feasible
Day1 session 2 : UN-ESCWA Activities in Support of the Development and Implem...RCREEE
This document summarizes UN-ESCWA's activities in supporting the development and implementation of energy efficiency directives in the Arab region. It provides an overview of ESCWA's work, including regional cooperation on energy issues, energy context and indicators in member countries, energy efficiency services provided, recent publications and projects like an energy efficiency program for Qatar. The Qatar pilot project identified energy efficiency and demand-side management measures across sectors that could reduce Qatar's electricity consumption by 17% through improved lighting, HVAC systems, power factor correction and more.
This document explores how the efficiency of converting coal into electricity at coal-fired power plants is measured and reported. It discusses factors that influence efficiency values and emissions reporting, and presents a generic methodology for reconciling efficiency measurements on a common basis to allow for accurate comparisons. The methodology accounts for variables such as coal quality, plant configuration, and operating conditions. It recommends establishing an international database of power plant performance data to help identify underperforming plants for potential efficiency improvements. This would help policymakers monitor and regulate coal use for power generation in a more sustainable manner.
At other countries' expense? Lithium-Ion Batteries as Backbone of the Mobilit...Oeko-Institut
Präsentation von Dr. Johannes Betz, Jahrestagung 2022 des Öko-Instituts " Wende? Nur sozial! Wie ökologische Transformationen gerecht sein können", 22. Juni 2022, dbb forum, Berlin
This document discusses future energy perspectives based on scenario analyses from international organizations. Key points:
- Developed countries prioritize environmental issues while developing countries focus on energy access and development.
- Global energy demand will continue growing, primarily in developing Asia, Latin America, and Africa. Regions have different technological needs.
- Fossil fuels will remain dominant but renewable energy growth is expected to accelerate from 2020 onward if governments invest in technologies.
- Scenarios show a range of possible energy futures depending on policies and priorities, from fossil fuel-dominated to renewable-dominated. The real future will likely be between these scenarios.
Uganda has significant potential for renewable energy from hydropower, biomass, solar, geothermal, peat, and wind. Hydropower could provide up to 4,137 MW from Uganda's extensive lake and river systems. Biomass is currently the dominant energy source but increased demand is leading to deforestation. Solar power potential is high across much of the country, averaging 5.5 kWh/m2/day. Geothermal sites have been identified near Lake Albert with potential for 450 MW. Peat deposits could provide 800 MW of energy. While wind potential is more limited, the Karamoja region shows potential for development.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Nina on Renewable Energies
1. Renewable Energy Policy of the European
Union – How Europe converts to sustainable
energy supply and consumption
Workshop at the oikos Spring Meeting 2009
in Oslo
Nina Hug, oikos PhD Fellow 2008-2011
www.oikos-international.org
2-Apr-09 1
2. Agenda
1 Why a renewable energy policy?
2 History of energy policy and EU targets
3 How to reach the targets?
4 Summary: how far reaches the EU’s arm?
5 International Context: the role of CDM
6 Further reading and tasks
www.oikos-international.org
2-Apr-09 2
3. Why a renewable energy policy?
- reducing GHG emissions
- energy security
- knowledge based industry
- rural development
www.oikos-international.org
2-Apr-09 3
4. History of Renewable Energy Policy in the EU
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Proposal
White RE-Directive progress Evaluation
new RE-
Paper report of support
21% share of directive
schemes
RE in with
electricity country
consumption targets
Directive RE Road map:
on bio- target of 20%
fuels share of RE in
energy
consumption
www.oikos-international.org
2-Apr-09 4
5. EU Energy Targets
- 2010: 21% electricity from renewable sources
- 2010: 5,75% biofuels.
- 2020: 20% renewables in total energy consumption
www.oikos-international.org
2-Apr-09 5
6. Excursus: What are Directives?
- Setting targets
- means to achieve the result left to member states
- Timetable for implementation
- no compliance EU-Commission can initiate legal action
www.oikos-international.org
2-Apr-09 6
7. Progress in reaching the targets
share of total primary energy supply in 2006 (EU 27)
Renewable
Energy share:
7,4 %
Source: IEA
www.oikos-international.org
2-Apr-09 7
8. Progress in reaching 2010 targets
in 2006
EU expects to reach a share of 19%
by 2010, missing the target by 2%
Source: EEA
www.oikos-international.org
2-Apr-09 8
9. Sector-Objectives to meet the 2020 targets
- Renewable electricity: from 15% to 34%
- Role of wind energy: 12%
- Solar energy cost reduction by 50%
- Sustainable heating and cooling: double the amount
- Applying best practices (Sweden, Germany, Austria)
- Biofuels: share of 14%
www.oikos-international.org
2-Apr-09 9
11. Feed-in tariffs dominate the scene
support schemes for
onshore wind energy
www.oikos-international.org
2-Apr-09 11
12. Harmonization of support schemes?
- 27 EU member : 27 different support schemes
- EU favors Quota: market freedom
- But: national schemes now well established
- Security for investors prevails over harmonization
Recommendations to reduce administrative barriers
www.oikos-international.org
2-Apr-09 12
13. How far reaches the EU‘s arm?
- Provide framework
- Setting inscentives
- Pressure by competition: lead markets
- Diffusion of policy: structure – agency divide
- The role of pioneers: e.g. ICLEI (local governments for
sustainability)
- Credibility in international negotiations
www.oikos-international.org
2-Apr-09 13
14. The international context
• Kyoto targets EU-15: reduction by 8% for the period 2008-2012
• Kyoto-Mechanisms can be applied by member states
• One crucial mechanism is CDM
• What effects does this have on Renewable Energies in Europe and
worldwide?
• How is sustainability addressed with this mechanism?
www.oikos-international.org
2-Apr-09 14
15. Clean Development Mechanism and Renewables
- earning carbon credits as a reward to investments in climate-friendly
projects abroad
- Businesses allowed to meet domestic GHG-reduction targets by
using CDM
- Project proposal includes
- where and how are emissions reduced?
- What would be future emissions in absence of the project
(baseline scenario)
- Validation by Designated Operational Entity (DOE)
- Executive Board of CDM decides on approval
www.oikos-international.org
2-Apr-09 15
16. Conditions for sustainable CDM projects
- Invest in projects focussed on renewable energy sources
- Ensure technology-transfer and capacity building
- Move from individual technology unit approach to integrated
planning
- Meet sustainability criteria that go beyond „additionality“
Conclusion
- CDM could reduce costs for reaching GHG emission targets
- But: threatening leadership-role of EU in climate change: less
impetus to improve renewable energy technologies
www.oikos-international.org
2-Apr-09 16
17. Group work and further reading
1. Policy: sustainability of CDM. A Development Mechanism that
cleans little?!
2. Reaching the 2020 targets: What can offshore wind energy
contribute – what are the main challenges?
www.oikos-international.org
2-Apr-09 17
18. Your task
• Divide into 4-people groups and read the texts provided!
• Take a worksheet and write down your opinion to the question/
thesis!
• Exchange the worksheet with your neighbour and write a
commentary to his opinion. Circulate the worksheets until you get
your initial worksheet back.
• Write down your conclusion based on the commentaries you
received from your colleagues.
www.oikos-international.org
2-Apr-09 18