Mr. Garry Bowditch presented on integrated approaches to city infrastructure. He discussed how Australia faces significant challenges in planning for future infrastructure needs given changing population demographics. A key issue is the need to plan infrastructure in a coordinated, "joined up" manner across different areas like land use, transportation and utilities rather than operating infrastructure projects in silos. As an example, he highlighted the importance of Sydney having a second and possibly third airport to support a growing population of 9-10 million people, but noted current inefficiencies at Kingsford Smith airport and surrounding transportation infrastructure that need to be addressed first before building new assets. Overall, Mr. Bowditch argued that Australia must improve coordination and efficiency in existing infrastructure use rather