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Dating a Robot is
like Dating a Man
A New Perspective
on the Turing Test
Matthijs Pontier, Johan Hoorn,
Elly Konijn, Rens van de Schoot
m.a.pontier@vu.nl
   @Matthijs85
Overview of this presentation
•   Background
•   Silicon Coppelia: Model of Emotional Intelligence
•   Turing Test / Speed-Dating Application
•   Results
•   Future Work




Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013   ETMAAL 2013              2
Background
•   Increasingly, technology mimics humans
•   CMC and HCI are merging fields

•   Humans treat and experience technology as other humans
     • Talk to TV, Talk to car
     • Hit computer that frustrates you
     • Cyberball game
•   Robots are becoming a part of our daily lives
     • Pets (AIBO/Paro), companions, nurses, tour guides,
       teachers
•   But: Affective behavior robots still quite simple



Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013   ETMAAL 2013                   3
Validation Silicon Coppelia
• We developed Silicon Coppelia, with the goal to create
  emotionally human-like robots
• Simulation experiments: System behaves consistent
  with Theory and Intuition
• Never tested with human users yet
• This study: Compare performance model with
  performance real human in speeddating experiment




Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013   ETMAAL 2013                 4
Silicon Coppelia
Turing Test
• Turing Test was originally text-based
• We enriched test with affect-laden communication
   • Facial expressions showing emotions
   • Capable of vocal speech

• Afterwards questionnaire: How do you think Tom
  perceived you?
   Measure made continuous and more elaborated
  than simply yes/no

• Analysis: Bayesian structural equation modeling
Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013   ETMAAL 2013           6
Speed-dating Experiment
Results
• Participants did not detect differences on single
  variables
• Participants did not recognize significant differences
  on cognitive-affective structure
• Model in which conditions (1: human, 2: robot) were
  assumed equal explained data better than model in
  which conditions were assumed different




Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013   ETMAAL 2013                 8
Cognitive-Affective Structure




Rotterdam, Februari 8th 2013   ETMAAL 2013   9
Conclusions
• We created simulation of affect so natural that young
  women could not discern dating a robot from a man
• Important for:
   • Understanding human affective communication
   • Developing communication technologies
   • Developing emotionally human-like robots




Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013   ETMAAL 2013                10
Interactive Stories
(Serious) Games




Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013   ETMAAL 2013   11
Virtual Coach




Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013   ETMAAL 2013        12
Companion robots




Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013   ETMAAL 2013
Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013   ETMAAL 2013   14
House robots




Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013   ETMAAL 2013       15
Caredroids: Humanoid Care Robots




Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013   ETMAAL 2013   16
Work in progress:
    - Add moral reasoning
    - Add model of autonomy
    - Build emotionally intelligent robots
Morals Necessary, because:
• Robots become more autonomous
• Robots are already making moral decisions
• Military Robots

Moral dilemmas in our caredroids:
•    Coaching vs Manipulation
•    Privacy


Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013   ETMAAL 2013
Questions?




                           Matthijs Pontier
                          m.a.pontier@vu.nl
                            @Matthijs85
Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013   ETMAAL 2013

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Dating a Robot is like Dating a Man - A new perspective on the Turing Test - presentation Etmaal'13, Rotterdam, Februari 7-8

  • 1. Dating a Robot is like Dating a Man A New Perspective on the Turing Test Matthijs Pontier, Johan Hoorn, Elly Konijn, Rens van de Schoot m.a.pontier@vu.nl @Matthijs85
  • 2. Overview of this presentation • Background • Silicon Coppelia: Model of Emotional Intelligence • Turing Test / Speed-Dating Application • Results • Future Work Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013 ETMAAL 2013 2
  • 3. Background • Increasingly, technology mimics humans • CMC and HCI are merging fields • Humans treat and experience technology as other humans • Talk to TV, Talk to car • Hit computer that frustrates you • Cyberball game • Robots are becoming a part of our daily lives • Pets (AIBO/Paro), companions, nurses, tour guides, teachers • But: Affective behavior robots still quite simple Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013 ETMAAL 2013 3
  • 4. Validation Silicon Coppelia • We developed Silicon Coppelia, with the goal to create emotionally human-like robots • Simulation experiments: System behaves consistent with Theory and Intuition • Never tested with human users yet • This study: Compare performance model with performance real human in speeddating experiment Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013 ETMAAL 2013 4
  • 6. Turing Test • Turing Test was originally text-based • We enriched test with affect-laden communication • Facial expressions showing emotions • Capable of vocal speech • Afterwards questionnaire: How do you think Tom perceived you?  Measure made continuous and more elaborated than simply yes/no • Analysis: Bayesian structural equation modeling Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013 ETMAAL 2013 6
  • 8. Results • Participants did not detect differences on single variables • Participants did not recognize significant differences on cognitive-affective structure • Model in which conditions (1: human, 2: robot) were assumed equal explained data better than model in which conditions were assumed different Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013 ETMAAL 2013 8
  • 10. Conclusions • We created simulation of affect so natural that young women could not discern dating a robot from a man • Important for: • Understanding human affective communication • Developing communication technologies • Developing emotionally human-like robots Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013 ETMAAL 2013 10
  • 11. Interactive Stories (Serious) Games Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013 ETMAAL 2013 11
  • 12. Virtual Coach Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013 ETMAAL 2013 12
  • 13. Companion robots Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013 ETMAAL 2013
  • 14. Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013 ETMAAL 2013 14
  • 15. House robots Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013 ETMAAL 2013 15
  • 16. Caredroids: Humanoid Care Robots Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013 ETMAAL 2013 16
  • 17. Work in progress: - Add moral reasoning - Add model of autonomy - Build emotionally intelligent robots Morals Necessary, because: • Robots become more autonomous • Robots are already making moral decisions • Military Robots Moral dilemmas in our caredroids: • Coaching vs Manipulation • Privacy Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013 ETMAAL 2013
  • 18. Questions? Matthijs Pontier m.a.pontier@vu.nl @Matthijs85 Rotterdam, Februari 4th 2013 ETMAAL 2013

Editor's Notes

  1. Technology mimics humans: speech synthesizers, agents in virtual worlds Tamagotchi, Speaking to your car / person on television screen Treat computer that compliments you differently, hit computer if it frustrates you Cyberball game  feel excluded even when told that computer was scripted to do so, same as if it was a human Daily Lives: AIBO, Paro, pets, nurses, tour guides, teachers, personal companions
  2. Silicon Coppelia, based on how humans affectively perceive each other and communicate
  3. Theory about humans in computational model Form perception of user. Compare with goals Emotions emerge Make decision / Take action based on emotional and rational influences Regulate emotions if necessary
  4. Turing Test: CMC vs HCI More elaborated, because measure on several appraisal dimensions Yes/no problematic, because if Tom not human-like on only one aspect, everyone says no
  5. Robot (Silicon Coppelia) vs Human Multiple Choice & Emotions
  6. Cognitive structure  How variables are related (as in Silicon Coppelia)
  7. Communication technologies: helping autistic patients with recognizing emotions
  8. No fixed script Characters make decisions based on model
  9. Coach assists with physical exercise Acts human-like and supportive. Can use sensors for doing so
  10. Paro improves well-being of people with dementia Project model in people (ToM) to predict reactions on behavior for decision making
  11. Recognize what patient wants by projecting model in humans
  12. Can be a combination of four functionalities mentioned before, but we mainly focus on: Care broker Companion Personal coach
  13. Drones that are shooting on people Care robots or companion robots that monitor behavior of ‘client’