Hi There, please kindly use my PPT for powering your learning, please let me know if you want to discuss more.
Email : silviananda.putrierito@gmail.com
Hi There, please kindly use my PPT for powering your learning, please let me know if you want to discuss more.
Email : silviananda.putrierito@gmail.com
Ethnography is a Social science research method. It is the primary data collection method. It is mainly combined with social background. A qualitative approach that studies the cultural patterns and perspectives of participants in their natural setting.
Ethnography came from Greek, it identifies its roots in sociology and anthropology.
*Ethnos = People
*Graphing = Writing
“Ethnography literally means ‘a portrait of a people’. Ethnography is a written description of a particular culture, the custom, belief and behaviour based on information collected through field work.” (Harris and Johnson 2000).
EARLY METHODS SECTION1Early Methods Section.docxjacksnathalie
EARLY METHODS SECTION 1
Early Methods Section
Tony Williams
Argosy University
Yvonne Bustamante
20 May 2015
1. What is your research question?
Do the indirect or direct exposures have influence for misinformation effecting testimony and eyewitness memory?
2. What is your hypothesis or hypotheses? What is the null hypothesis?
Hypothesis: Exposure towards misinformation leads to human memory distortions for events that are genuinely experienced and also individual details, places, and things and observer’s are misinformed thus portraying untrue information.
Null Hypothesis: The human memory is unaffected on events that are experienced, also individual details, places, and things and observer’s are not misinformed which does not portray untrue information.
3. How many participants would you like to use and why? What are the inclusion characteristics, i.e., what must they have in order to be included in your study (for example, gender, diagnosis, age, personality traits, etc.)? Are there any exclusion characteristics, i.e. are there certain characteristics that would exclude them from being in your study? Does the sample need to be diverse? Why or why not?
For such study 120 contestants, 60 female and 60 male members are used. The group comprises of persons between 18-55 years age. I have chosen 120 contestants representing equal gender split. They are split in 3 age groups, like 18-30, 31-44, and 45-55. This places 40 individuals in every group. The ethnicity and race are divided evenly between the groups. Excluding one criteria that individuals below 18 and over 55 years cannot participate. I rely as the sample is not diversified for generalizing my findings to the adults. Study cannot be completed by females only and the results are expected for males too.
4. What sampling technique will be used to collect your sample? What population does your sample generalize to?
Sampling technique used to collect the sample is convenience sampling. This is due to cost effectiveness and ease. It also provides the ability for choosing number of participants required. Individuals are invited to participate in the study till the amount desired and diversity is fulfilled.
Though convenience sampling is not greatly reviewed for generalizing the population, but if properly conducted between the parameters suggested above, the study must be generalized to the population of adults. There is no specific exclusion or inclusion criteria can control the generalization of a particular group. I have planned for splitting the gender for getting the equal percentage of ethnicities/race involved in the study and uniformly representing it in every age group. This helps towards better generalization of general population study.
5. What are the variables in your study? HINT: Refer back to your hypothesis or hypotheses.
The variables in the study include gender, race, age and ethnicity. The environment must be variable and the person must present the informa ...
The one of the major approaches of the Qualitative Research is Ethnography, sometimes known as Cultural Anthropology or sometimes called as Naturalistic Enquiry. Its disciplinary origin is Anthropology. Ethnography deals with the discovery and description of culture of a group or group of individual. As the concept of culture is the central theme of Ethnography Research; that’s why the question raised from this point of view is that what the Cultural characteristics of a group of individuals are? Here Culture means the system of norms and standards that a society develops over the courses of many generations. Ethnography research helps to search very complicated or complex deign challenges. A tremendous and effective researcher is needed when he or she is viewing or observing or interacting with target population in their real-life situation. Ethnography Research is a one of the most important qualitative research where researcher observe or interact with the target population and researcher plays an important role to obtain useful cultural information that’s why Ethnography research is known as cultural ethnography or cultural anthropology. This kind of research is a part of social science research. We know there are several forms of Ethnography research. As for example, confessional Ethnography research, life history Ethnography research, feminist Ethnography research, realist Ethnography research, critical Ethnography research etc. Out of the several form of Ethnography research, the two most common and popular form of Ethnography research are “Realist Ethnography Research” and “Critical Ethnography Research”. The “Realist EthnographyResearch” is sometimes known as traditional Ethnography research whereas the critical Ethnography research is concerned with those group or group of individuals who are marginalized in society. The toughest activity of Ethnography research is the researcher should play as a member of the target population and spent several months even if several years with target population or group. Therefore, Ethnography researches not only a qualitative research but also it is a longitudinal research.
Introduction to Methods in Cultural AnthropologyIn this topic,.docxnormanibarber20063
Introduction to Methods in Cultural Anthropology
In this topic, you will explore how anthropologists conduct research with a special focus on ethics in anthropology. You will also have an opportunity to develop your own research proposal in Activity 1.
Please note that you have 5 Activities due in this class ( If you are taking the class as the 8 week option you have 3 activities and if you are taking the class as a 12 week option you have four activities). Please note that no matter what option you are taking, you do end up doing all the work of the acitivies but in a different format). Due dates for the activities are noted on the When Assignments are Due page. Be sure to allow adequate time to complete. Please review all the assignments now and make plans in your schedule to work on them. These assignments are meant to help you learn the material as well as give you an opportunity to show what you are learning beyond just quizzes and exams.
Horizontal Rule
Objectives
After completing the learning activities for this topic, you will be able to:
List, define, and apply the steps in conducting fieldwork.
Describe and cite examples of data-gathering techniques.
Analyze the nature of ethical dilemmas in anthropological field work.
Click on the image below to view a photo gallery.
How Anthropologists Do Research -- The Importance of Ethics
Written by Dr. Katherine R. Rowell, Professor of Sociology, Sinclair Community College
Your textbook discusses the 5 steps of conducting anthropological research or fieldwork. I typically add another step in the beginning known as preparation. Thus, there are six steps to conducting anthropological fieldwork. In fact, the first step, preparation, is important for anyone visiting another culture or working with people from another culture.
Step 1: Preparation
Preparing to conduct research on a different culture or visit another culture can be time consuming. One of the most important issues is geographical location of the culture you plan to visit or study. There are funding issues, health precautions (shots and medications), governmental permissions (visas and passports), language issues (Do you have an interpreter? or Do you know the language?), Personal affairs (Who is going to pay your bills? Feed your cat?), Packing issues (How much are you allowed to take? What items are a necessity?) and finally, do you have an informant and a site to do research? (Someone within that culture to help you with your research or help you on your visit). These issues take a lot of time to work out and are an important first step.
Step 2: Selecting a Research Problem
In the past the goal of anthropological research was to describe a culture in as much detail as possible (ethnography). Today, the research is typically problem based. For example, when I went to Botswana, Swaziland, and South Africa my goal was to understand the AIDS crisis and compare approaches to reducing HIV/AIDS in these countries. Often times the re.
Case Study is a method to deeply observe the characteristics of individual unit such as a person, a group or a community, in order to analyse various phenomena in relation to that unit of study.
Ethnography is a method to explore the nature of a certain social phenomenon and it tends to use unstructured data.
Ethnography is a Social science research method. It is the primary data collection method. It is mainly combined with social background. A qualitative approach that studies the cultural patterns and perspectives of participants in their natural setting.
Ethnography came from Greek, it identifies its roots in sociology and anthropology.
*Ethnos = People
*Graphing = Writing
“Ethnography literally means ‘a portrait of a people’. Ethnography is a written description of a particular culture, the custom, belief and behaviour based on information collected through field work.” (Harris and Johnson 2000).
EARLY METHODS SECTION1Early Methods Section.docxjacksnathalie
EARLY METHODS SECTION 1
Early Methods Section
Tony Williams
Argosy University
Yvonne Bustamante
20 May 2015
1. What is your research question?
Do the indirect or direct exposures have influence for misinformation effecting testimony and eyewitness memory?
2. What is your hypothesis or hypotheses? What is the null hypothesis?
Hypothesis: Exposure towards misinformation leads to human memory distortions for events that are genuinely experienced and also individual details, places, and things and observer’s are misinformed thus portraying untrue information.
Null Hypothesis: The human memory is unaffected on events that are experienced, also individual details, places, and things and observer’s are not misinformed which does not portray untrue information.
3. How many participants would you like to use and why? What are the inclusion characteristics, i.e., what must they have in order to be included in your study (for example, gender, diagnosis, age, personality traits, etc.)? Are there any exclusion characteristics, i.e. are there certain characteristics that would exclude them from being in your study? Does the sample need to be diverse? Why or why not?
For such study 120 contestants, 60 female and 60 male members are used. The group comprises of persons between 18-55 years age. I have chosen 120 contestants representing equal gender split. They are split in 3 age groups, like 18-30, 31-44, and 45-55. This places 40 individuals in every group. The ethnicity and race are divided evenly between the groups. Excluding one criteria that individuals below 18 and over 55 years cannot participate. I rely as the sample is not diversified for generalizing my findings to the adults. Study cannot be completed by females only and the results are expected for males too.
4. What sampling technique will be used to collect your sample? What population does your sample generalize to?
Sampling technique used to collect the sample is convenience sampling. This is due to cost effectiveness and ease. It also provides the ability for choosing number of participants required. Individuals are invited to participate in the study till the amount desired and diversity is fulfilled.
Though convenience sampling is not greatly reviewed for generalizing the population, but if properly conducted between the parameters suggested above, the study must be generalized to the population of adults. There is no specific exclusion or inclusion criteria can control the generalization of a particular group. I have planned for splitting the gender for getting the equal percentage of ethnicities/race involved in the study and uniformly representing it in every age group. This helps towards better generalization of general population study.
5. What are the variables in your study? HINT: Refer back to your hypothesis or hypotheses.
The variables in the study include gender, race, age and ethnicity. The environment must be variable and the person must present the informa ...
The one of the major approaches of the Qualitative Research is Ethnography, sometimes known as Cultural Anthropology or sometimes called as Naturalistic Enquiry. Its disciplinary origin is Anthropology. Ethnography deals with the discovery and description of culture of a group or group of individual. As the concept of culture is the central theme of Ethnography Research; that’s why the question raised from this point of view is that what the Cultural characteristics of a group of individuals are? Here Culture means the system of norms and standards that a society develops over the courses of many generations. Ethnography research helps to search very complicated or complex deign challenges. A tremendous and effective researcher is needed when he or she is viewing or observing or interacting with target population in their real-life situation. Ethnography Research is a one of the most important qualitative research where researcher observe or interact with the target population and researcher plays an important role to obtain useful cultural information that’s why Ethnography research is known as cultural ethnography or cultural anthropology. This kind of research is a part of social science research. We know there are several forms of Ethnography research. As for example, confessional Ethnography research, life history Ethnography research, feminist Ethnography research, realist Ethnography research, critical Ethnography research etc. Out of the several form of Ethnography research, the two most common and popular form of Ethnography research are “Realist Ethnography Research” and “Critical Ethnography Research”. The “Realist EthnographyResearch” is sometimes known as traditional Ethnography research whereas the critical Ethnography research is concerned with those group or group of individuals who are marginalized in society. The toughest activity of Ethnography research is the researcher should play as a member of the target population and spent several months even if several years with target population or group. Therefore, Ethnography researches not only a qualitative research but also it is a longitudinal research.
Introduction to Methods in Cultural AnthropologyIn this topic,.docxnormanibarber20063
Introduction to Methods in Cultural Anthropology
In this topic, you will explore how anthropologists conduct research with a special focus on ethics in anthropology. You will also have an opportunity to develop your own research proposal in Activity 1.
Please note that you have 5 Activities due in this class ( If you are taking the class as the 8 week option you have 3 activities and if you are taking the class as a 12 week option you have four activities). Please note that no matter what option you are taking, you do end up doing all the work of the acitivies but in a different format). Due dates for the activities are noted on the When Assignments are Due page. Be sure to allow adequate time to complete. Please review all the assignments now and make plans in your schedule to work on them. These assignments are meant to help you learn the material as well as give you an opportunity to show what you are learning beyond just quizzes and exams.
Horizontal Rule
Objectives
After completing the learning activities for this topic, you will be able to:
List, define, and apply the steps in conducting fieldwork.
Describe and cite examples of data-gathering techniques.
Analyze the nature of ethical dilemmas in anthropological field work.
Click on the image below to view a photo gallery.
How Anthropologists Do Research -- The Importance of Ethics
Written by Dr. Katherine R. Rowell, Professor of Sociology, Sinclair Community College
Your textbook discusses the 5 steps of conducting anthropological research or fieldwork. I typically add another step in the beginning known as preparation. Thus, there are six steps to conducting anthropological fieldwork. In fact, the first step, preparation, is important for anyone visiting another culture or working with people from another culture.
Step 1: Preparation
Preparing to conduct research on a different culture or visit another culture can be time consuming. One of the most important issues is geographical location of the culture you plan to visit or study. There are funding issues, health precautions (shots and medications), governmental permissions (visas and passports), language issues (Do you have an interpreter? or Do you know the language?), Personal affairs (Who is going to pay your bills? Feed your cat?), Packing issues (How much are you allowed to take? What items are a necessity?) and finally, do you have an informant and a site to do research? (Someone within that culture to help you with your research or help you on your visit). These issues take a lot of time to work out and are an important first step.
Step 2: Selecting a Research Problem
In the past the goal of anthropological research was to describe a culture in as much detail as possible (ethnography). Today, the research is typically problem based. For example, when I went to Botswana, Swaziland, and South Africa my goal was to understand the AIDS crisis and compare approaches to reducing HIV/AIDS in these countries. Often times the re.
Case Study is a method to deeply observe the characteristics of individual unit such as a person, a group or a community, in order to analyse various phenomena in relation to that unit of study.
Ethnography is a method to explore the nature of a certain social phenomenon and it tends to use unstructured data.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
2. What We Will Learn
How do cultural anthropologists conduct
fieldwork?
What types of data-gathering techniques do
cultural anthropologists use?
What are some of the problems faced by
cultural anthropologists that make fieldwork
somewhat less than romantic?
What ethical dilemmas do applied
anthropologists face when conducting
fieldwork?
3. Fieldwork
“ethnographic fieldwork”
It is the process of immersing oneself in
as many aspects of the daily cultural lives
of people as possible in order to study
their behaviors and interactions.
4. Common Issues in Fieldwork
Gaining acceptance in the community.
Selecting the most appropriate data-
gathering techniques.
Understanding how to operate within the
local political structure.
Taking precautions against investigator
bias.
5. Common Issues in Fieldwork
Choosing knowledgeable informants.
Coping with culture shock.
Learning a new language.
Be willing to reevaluate findings in the
light of new evidence.
6. Preparing for Fieldwork
Obtain funding from a source that
supports anthropological research.
Take the proper health precautions.
Obtain permission or clearance from the
host government.
Become proficient in the local language.
Make arrangements for personal
possessions while out of the country.
7. Basic Stages of Field
Research
1. Selecting a research problem
2. Formulating a research design
3. Collecting the data
4. Analyzing the data
5. Interpreting the data
9. Guidelines for Participant-
Observation Fieldwork
When introducing oneself, select one role
and use it consistently.
Proceed slowly.
Assume the role of a student wanting to
learn more about a subject on which the
people are the experts.
10. Participant-Observation
Advantages Disadvantages
•Enhances rapport
•Enables fieldworkers to
distinguish actual and
expected behavior.
•Permits observation of
nonverbal behavior.
•Small sample size.
•Difficult to obtain standardized
comparable data.
•Problems of recording.
•Obtrusive effect on subject
matter
11. Ethnographic Interview
How it is unique:
The interviewer and the subject almost
always speak different first languages.
Much broader in scope because it
elicits information on the entire culture.
Used in conjunction with other data-
gathering techniques.
12. Structured and Unstructured
Interviews
In unstructured interviews the
interviewer asks open-ended questions
and allows interviewees to respond at
their own pace in their own words.
In structured interviews, the interviewer
asks all informants the same questions, in
the same sequence, and under the same
set of conditions.
13. Guidelines for Ethnographic
Interviewing
1. Obtain informed consent before
interviewing.
2. Maintain neutrality by not conveying to
the interviewee what may be the
“desired” answer.
3. Pre-test questions to make sure they are
understandable and culturally relevant.
4. Keep the recording unobtrusive.
14. Guidelines for Ethnographic
Interviewing
5. Make certain the conditions under which
the interviews are conducted are
consistent.
6. Use simple, clean, and jargon-free
language.
7. Phrase questions positively.
15. Guidelines for Ethnographic
Interviewing
8. Keep the questions and the interview short.
9. Avoid questions that have two parts to the
answer.
10. Save controversial questions for the end.
17. Characteristics of Culture
Shock
Confusion over how to behave.
Surprise or disgust after realizing some of
the features of the new culture.
Feeling a loss of old familiar surroundings
and ways of doing things.
18. Characteristics of Culture
Shock
Feeling rejected by members of the new
culture.
Loss of self-esteem because you don’t
seem to be functioning very effectively.
Doubt over your own cultural values.
19. Symptoms of Culture Shock
Homesickness
Compulsive eating
or drinking
Chauvinistic
excesses
Boredom Irritability
Stereotyping and
hostility toward host
nationals
Withdrawal Exaggerated
cleanliness
Loss of ability to
work effectively
Excessive
sleep
Marital stress and
family tension
Unexplainable
weeping
20. Narrative Ethnography
Narrative ethnographers are not
interested in descriptive accounts of
another culture written with scientific
detachment.
Their ethnographies are reflections of how
their own personalities and cultural
influences combine with personal
encounters with their informants to
produce cultural data.
21. The Human Relations Area
Files (HRAF)
The world’s largest anthropological data
bank.
Developed for the purpose of testing
hypotheses and building theory.
Ethnographic data on over 300 cultures
organized according to 700 different
subjects.
22. Ethics and Anthropology
Areas of responsibility for anthropologists:
The people under study
The local communities
The host governments and their own
government
Other members of the scholarly community
Organizations that sponsor research
Their own students
24. 1. Cultural anthropologists collect their data
and test their hypotheses by means of:
a) analyzing data.
b) reflexive ethnography.
c) sociometric sampling.
d) fieldwork.
25. Answer: d
Cultural anthropologists collect their
data and test their hypotheses by means
of fieldwork.
26. 2. _______ involves selecting the
appropriate data-gathering techniques
for measuring the research variables.
a) Interpreting data
b) Research design
c) Analyzing data
d) Collecting data
27. Answer: d
Collecting data involves selecting the
appropriate data-gathering techniques for
measuring the research variables.
28. 3. Once the data has been gathered, the
researcher moves to:
a) research design.
b) interpreting data.
c) analyzing data.
d) participant observation.
29. Answer: c
Once the data has been gathered, the
researcher moves to analyzing data.
30. 4. ______ involve a minimum of control,
with the anthropologist asking open-
ended questions on general topics.
a) Structured interviews
b) Family profile data
c) Research designs
d) Unstructured interviews
31. Answered: d
Unstructured interviews involve a
minimum of control, with the
anthropologist asking open-ended
questions on general topics.
32. 5. ________ refers to the psychological
disorientation that can be caused by
trying to adjust to major differences in
lifestyles and living conditions.
a) Disorientation
b) Biculturalism
c) Sociometric tracking
d) Culture shock
33. Answer: d
Culture shock refers to the
psychological disorientation that can be
caused by trying to adjust to major
differences in lifestyles and living
conditions.