12. Radio Newspapers TV Total
Male 3 26 71 100
Female 18 31 61 110
Total 21 57 132
Media Most used for news
13. T-test & ANOVA
• Independent Variable: Nominal
• Dependent variable: Interval or Ratio
• Comparing means of different Groups
• Is the difference based on changes in the independent
variable?
• T-test
– Only two groups
– One independent variables with only 2 categories
• ANOVA
– Analysis of Variance
– One independent variable with more than 2 categories
20. Resources
•Wimmer & Dominick, Mass Communication
Research: An Introduction.
•االستخدامات و البحث مناهجالدراسات في اإلحصائية
د اإلعالمية.زغيب الفقار شيماء
•Dr. Manaf Bashir notes on Mass
Communication Research