This chapter discusses statistical applications in quality and productivity management. It introduces concepts like Total Quality Management (TQM) and Six Sigma management. It explains that variation exists in all processes, which can be separated into common cause variation and special cause variation. Control charts are used to monitor processes and determine whether the process is in control or out of control. Specifically, it discusses p-charts used for attribute data to monitor the proportion of non-conforming items over time. An example is provided to demonstrate how to construct a p-chart and determine if a hotel room readiness process is in control.