1) The document discusses the emergent perspective of gravity, which views gravity as arising from entropy balance rather than directly coupling to energy density.
2) In this perspective, dark energy in the form of a cosmological constant arises naturally as an integration constant, with its smallness due to a near-symmetry.
3) The document proposes that dark matter and dark energy could both arise as components of the quantum vacuum rather than being associated with non-vacuum matter.
The Cosmic Microwave (CMB), and Infra-Red (CIRB) Backgrounds are Simple Effec...David Harding
In Continuous Quantum Iteration (CQI) theory, a new approximation of the universal engagement is explored. Science, as of yet, cannot define infinity; the absolute beginning. Yet it is only natural that science should ask the question....How did the local Universe get started? And where does this energy keep coming from? And what is the quantum vacuum really doing? Aspects of virtual quantum iteration are examined considering the plausibility of this new approximation. The Cosmic Microwave (CMB), and the Infra-Red Background (CIRB) are shown to be simple effects of Continual Quantum Vacuum Iterations occurring through Planck-Stoney scale interactions with the universal equilibrium event - horizon background.
The generalization of the Periodic table. The "Periodic table" of "dark matter"Vasil Penchev
The thesis is: the “periodic table” of “dark matter” is equivalent to the standard periodic table of the visible matter being entangled. Thus, it is to consist of all possible entangled states of the atoms of chemical elements as quantum systems. In other words, an atom of any chemical element and as a quantum system, i.e. as a wave function, should be represented as a non-orthogonal in general (i.e. entangled) subspace of the separable complex Hilbert space relevant to the system to which the atom at issue is related as a true part of it. The paper follows previous publications of mine stating that “dark matter” and “dark energy” are projections of arbitrarily entangled states on the cognitive “screen” of Einstein’s “Mach’s principle” in general relativity postulating that gravitational field can be generated only by mass or energy.
The Cosmic Microwave (CMB), and Infra-Red (CIRB) Backgrounds are Simple Effec...David Harding
In Continuous Quantum Iteration (CQI) theory, a new approximation of the universal engagement is explored. Science, as of yet, cannot define infinity; the absolute beginning. Yet it is only natural that science should ask the question....How did the local Universe get started? And where does this energy keep coming from? And what is the quantum vacuum really doing? Aspects of virtual quantum iteration are examined considering the plausibility of this new approximation. The Cosmic Microwave (CMB), and the Infra-Red Background (CIRB) are shown to be simple effects of Continual Quantum Vacuum Iterations occurring through Planck-Stoney scale interactions with the universal equilibrium event - horizon background.
The generalization of the Periodic table. The "Periodic table" of "dark matter"Vasil Penchev
The thesis is: the “periodic table” of “dark matter” is equivalent to the standard periodic table of the visible matter being entangled. Thus, it is to consist of all possible entangled states of the atoms of chemical elements as quantum systems. In other words, an atom of any chemical element and as a quantum system, i.e. as a wave function, should be represented as a non-orthogonal in general (i.e. entangled) subspace of the separable complex Hilbert space relevant to the system to which the atom at issue is related as a true part of it. The paper follows previous publications of mine stating that “dark matter” and “dark energy” are projections of arbitrarily entangled states on the cognitive “screen” of Einstein’s “Mach’s principle” in general relativity postulating that gravitational field can be generated only by mass or energy.
Hilbert Space and pseudo-Riemannian Space: The Common Base of Quantum Informa...Vasil Penchev
Hilbert space underlying quantum mechanics and pseudo-Riemannian space underlying general relativity share a common base of quantum information. Hilbert space can be interpreted as the free variable of quantum information, and any point in it, being equivalent to a wave function (and thus, to a state of a quantum system), as a value of that variable of quantum information. In turn, pseudo-Riemannian space can be interpreted as the interaction of two or more quantities of quantum information and thus, as two or more entangled quantum systems. Consequently, one can distinguish local physical interactions describable by a single Hilbert space (or by any factorizable tensor product of such ones) and non-local physical interactions describable only by means by that Hilbert space, which cannot be factorized as any tensor product of the Hilbert spaces, by means of which one can describe the interacting quantum subsystems separately. Any interaction, which can be exhaustedly described in a single Hilbert space, such as the weak, strong, and electromagnetic one, is local in terms of quantum information. Any interaction, which cannot be described thus, is nonlocal in terms of quantum information. Any interaction, which is exhaustedly describable by pseudo-Riemannian space, such as gravity, is nonlocal in this sense. Consequently all known physical interaction can be described by a single geometrical base interpreting it in terms of quantum information.
Fundamental principle of information to-energy conversion.Fausto Intilla
Abstract. - The equivalence of 1 bit of information to entropy was given by Landauer in 1961 as kln2, k the Boltzmann constant. Erasing information implies heat dissipation and the energy of 1 bit would then be (the
Landauer´s limit) kT ln 2, T being the ambient temperature. From a quantum-cosmological point of view the minimum quantum of energy in the universe corresponds today to a temperature of 10^-29 ºK, probably forming a cosmic background of a Bose condensate [1]. Then, the bit with minimum energy today in the Universe is a quantum of energy 10^-45 ergs, with an equivalent mass of 10^-66 g. Low temperature implies low energy per bit and, of course, this is the way for faster and less energy dissipating computing devices. Our conjecture is this: the possibility of a future access to the CBBC (a coupling/channeling?) would mean a huge
jump in the performance of these devices.
Detailing Coherent, Minimum Uncertainty States of Gravitons, as Semi Classical Components of Gravity Waves, and How Squeezed States Affect Upper Limits to Graviton Mass /• We present what is relevant to squeezed states of initial space time and how that affects both the composition of relic GW and also gravitons. A side issue to consider is if gravitons can be configured as semi classical “particles”, which is akin to the Pilot particles model of Quantum Mechanics as embedded in a larger non linear “deterministic” background.
First Presented Saturday, September 3, 2011 at the G999 Conference, Philadelphia, PA http://ggg999.org/
Next Presentation : Friday, September 9, SAN MARINO WORKSHOP ON ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY
FOR MATTER AND ANTIMATTER
http://www.workshops-hadronic-mechanics.org/
San Marino, N. Italy
Discussion: The Nature of Semi-classical Nature of Gravity Reviewed; And Can We Use a Graviton Entanglement Version of the EPR System to Answer if The Graviton is Classical or Quantum in Origin?
Publisher’s note: Dr. Beckwith: I am honored that you have seen fit to acknowledge me in your presentations of today, September 3, 2011 at the G999 Conference in Philadelphia, and Friday, September 9, at the San Marino Workshop on Astrophysics and Cosmology For Matter and Antimatter, in San Marino, N. Italy.
In my view, these are rather extraordinary postulations, especially the probability of extra-universal black hole gravitational origins, along with expansion beyond Hawking of Quantum Wave theory and the “quantizing” of gravity. The latter may very well lead to a thorough reexamination of our concept of space and time, and that the latter might not be so unidirectional afterall. The potential is breathtaking, as it represents steps forward in proving the existence of subspace, the possibility of concomitant multi-universiality and 5D dimensionality of black holes.
Can time manipulation and Biefeld-Brown suggested electro-gravitics as a spacecraft propulsive methodology be far behind? I think not…
Original scientific paper on which September 3&9 presentations by Chongquing University's Dr. Andrew Beckwith is based, and published within the July 2011 edition of the Journal of Modern Physics. (Scientific Research Publishing)
First part of abstract, i.e. part I•
Detailing Coherent, Minimum Uncertainty States of Gravitons, g , y , as Semi Classical Components of Gravity Waves, and How Squeezed States Affect Upper Limits to Graviton Mass /•
“We present what is relevant to squeezed states of initial space time and how that affects both the composition of relic GW and also gravitons. A side ii f li GW, d l i id issue to consider is if gravitons can be configured as semi classical “particles”, which is akin to the Pilot particles model of Quantum Mechanics as embedded in a larger non linear “deterministic” background.” g g -Dr. Andrew Beckwith, Chongquing University, PRC
Links:
G999 Conference, Philadelphia, PA http://ggg999.org/
San Marino Workshop on Astrophysics and Cosmology For Matter and Antimatter, in San Marino, N. Italy.
http://www.workshops-hadronic-mechanics.org/
Slideshare: http://t.co/vEv2ci5
WordPress: http://asimov52.wordpress.com/2011/09/03/dr-andrew-beckwith-%E2%80%9Cdetailing-coherent-minimum-uncertainty-states-of-gravitons-g-y-as-semi-classical-components-of-gravity-waves-and-how-squeezed-states-affect-upper-limits-to-gravito/
Detailing Coherent, Minimum Uncertainty States of Gravitons, as Semi Classical Components of Gravity Waves, and How Squeezed States Affect Upper Limits to Graviton Mass /• We present what is relevant to squeezed states of initial space time and how that affects both the composition of relic GW and also gravitons. A side issue to consider is if gravitons can be configured as semi classical “particles”, which is akin to the Pilot particles model of Quantum Mechanics as embedded in a larger non linear “deterministic” background.
First Presented Saturday, September 3, 2011 at the G999 Conference, Philadelphia, PA http://ggg999.org/
Next Presentation : Friday, September 9, SAN MARINO WORKSHOP ON ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY
FOR MATTER AND ANTIMATTER
http://www.workshops-hadronic-mechanics.org/
San Marino, N. Italy
Discussion: The Nature of Semi-classical Nature of Gravity Reviewed; And Can We Use a Graviton Entanglement Version of the EPR System to Answer if The Graviton is Classical or Quantum in Origin?
Publisher’s note: Dr. Beckwith: I am honored that you have seen fit to acknowledge me in your presentations of today, September 3, 2011 at the G999 Conference in Philadelphia, and Friday, September 9, at the San Marino Workshop on Astrophysics and Cosmology For Matter and Antimatter, in San Marino, N. Italy.
In my view, these are rather extraordinary postulations, especially the probability of extra-universal black hole gravitational origins, along with expansion beyond Hawking of Quantum Wave theory and the “quantizing” of gravity. The latter may very well lead to a thorough reexamination of our concept of space and time, and that the latter might not be so unidirectional afterall. The potential is breathtaking, as it represents steps forward in proving the existence of subspace, the possibility of concomitant multi-universiality and 5D dimensionality of black holes.
Can time manipulation and Biefeld-Brown suggested electro-gravitics as a spacecraft propulsive methodology be far behind? I think not…
While most of the singularities of General Relativity are expected to be safely hidden behind event horizons by the cosmic censorship conjecture, we happen to live in the causal future of the classical big bang singularity, whose resolution constitutes the active field of early universe cosmology...
MASSIVE PHOTON HYPOTHESIS OPENS DOORS TO NEW FIELDS OF RESEARCHijrap
Mass, an inherent property of matter, is calculated directly for the photon particle from the very classical
principles of the kinetic theory of gases. It is not an end result with no perspective nor other outcome.
Quite the opposite, a single ponderable tiny photon frees the mind of old ways of thinking and opens up
new paths to a broad field of investigation where the very large can then be described and explained by the
very small. This reality of a non-zero mass suddenly shows up in the interpretation of many experiments
which become clear and simple to comprehend. Besides, that same key particle has the potential to unlock
and solve some long lasting major observational issues or enigmas. All this converges upon its
acknowledgement and acceptance.
Hilbert Space and pseudo-Riemannian Space: The Common Base of Quantum Informa...Vasil Penchev
Hilbert space underlying quantum mechanics and pseudo-Riemannian space underlying general relativity share a common base of quantum information. Hilbert space can be interpreted as the free variable of quantum information, and any point in it, being equivalent to a wave function (and thus, to a state of a quantum system), as a value of that variable of quantum information. In turn, pseudo-Riemannian space can be interpreted as the interaction of two or more quantities of quantum information and thus, as two or more entangled quantum systems. Consequently, one can distinguish local physical interactions describable by a single Hilbert space (or by any factorizable tensor product of such ones) and non-local physical interactions describable only by means by that Hilbert space, which cannot be factorized as any tensor product of the Hilbert spaces, by means of which one can describe the interacting quantum subsystems separately. Any interaction, which can be exhaustedly described in a single Hilbert space, such as the weak, strong, and electromagnetic one, is local in terms of quantum information. Any interaction, which cannot be described thus, is nonlocal in terms of quantum information. Any interaction, which is exhaustedly describable by pseudo-Riemannian space, such as gravity, is nonlocal in this sense. Consequently all known physical interaction can be described by a single geometrical base interpreting it in terms of quantum information.
Fundamental principle of information to-energy conversion.Fausto Intilla
Abstract. - The equivalence of 1 bit of information to entropy was given by Landauer in 1961 as kln2, k the Boltzmann constant. Erasing information implies heat dissipation and the energy of 1 bit would then be (the
Landauer´s limit) kT ln 2, T being the ambient temperature. From a quantum-cosmological point of view the minimum quantum of energy in the universe corresponds today to a temperature of 10^-29 ºK, probably forming a cosmic background of a Bose condensate [1]. Then, the bit with minimum energy today in the Universe is a quantum of energy 10^-45 ergs, with an equivalent mass of 10^-66 g. Low temperature implies low energy per bit and, of course, this is the way for faster and less energy dissipating computing devices. Our conjecture is this: the possibility of a future access to the CBBC (a coupling/channeling?) would mean a huge
jump in the performance of these devices.
Detailing Coherent, Minimum Uncertainty States of Gravitons, as Semi Classical Components of Gravity Waves, and How Squeezed States Affect Upper Limits to Graviton Mass /• We present what is relevant to squeezed states of initial space time and how that affects both the composition of relic GW and also gravitons. A side issue to consider is if gravitons can be configured as semi classical “particles”, which is akin to the Pilot particles model of Quantum Mechanics as embedded in a larger non linear “deterministic” background.
First Presented Saturday, September 3, 2011 at the G999 Conference, Philadelphia, PA http://ggg999.org/
Next Presentation : Friday, September 9, SAN MARINO WORKSHOP ON ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY
FOR MATTER AND ANTIMATTER
http://www.workshops-hadronic-mechanics.org/
San Marino, N. Italy
Discussion: The Nature of Semi-classical Nature of Gravity Reviewed; And Can We Use a Graviton Entanglement Version of the EPR System to Answer if The Graviton is Classical or Quantum in Origin?
Publisher’s note: Dr. Beckwith: I am honored that you have seen fit to acknowledge me in your presentations of today, September 3, 2011 at the G999 Conference in Philadelphia, and Friday, September 9, at the San Marino Workshop on Astrophysics and Cosmology For Matter and Antimatter, in San Marino, N. Italy.
In my view, these are rather extraordinary postulations, especially the probability of extra-universal black hole gravitational origins, along with expansion beyond Hawking of Quantum Wave theory and the “quantizing” of gravity. The latter may very well lead to a thorough reexamination of our concept of space and time, and that the latter might not be so unidirectional afterall. The potential is breathtaking, as it represents steps forward in proving the existence of subspace, the possibility of concomitant multi-universiality and 5D dimensionality of black holes.
Can time manipulation and Biefeld-Brown suggested electro-gravitics as a spacecraft propulsive methodology be far behind? I think not…
Original scientific paper on which September 3&9 presentations by Chongquing University's Dr. Andrew Beckwith is based, and published within the July 2011 edition of the Journal of Modern Physics. (Scientific Research Publishing)
First part of abstract, i.e. part I•
Detailing Coherent, Minimum Uncertainty States of Gravitons, g , y , as Semi Classical Components of Gravity Waves, and How Squeezed States Affect Upper Limits to Graviton Mass /•
“We present what is relevant to squeezed states of initial space time and how that affects both the composition of relic GW and also gravitons. A side ii f li GW, d l i id issue to consider is if gravitons can be configured as semi classical “particles”, which is akin to the Pilot particles model of Quantum Mechanics as embedded in a larger non linear “deterministic” background.” g g -Dr. Andrew Beckwith, Chongquing University, PRC
Links:
G999 Conference, Philadelphia, PA http://ggg999.org/
San Marino Workshop on Astrophysics and Cosmology For Matter and Antimatter, in San Marino, N. Italy.
http://www.workshops-hadronic-mechanics.org/
Slideshare: http://t.co/vEv2ci5
WordPress: http://asimov52.wordpress.com/2011/09/03/dr-andrew-beckwith-%E2%80%9Cdetailing-coherent-minimum-uncertainty-states-of-gravitons-g-y-as-semi-classical-components-of-gravity-waves-and-how-squeezed-states-affect-upper-limits-to-gravito/
Detailing Coherent, Minimum Uncertainty States of Gravitons, as Semi Classical Components of Gravity Waves, and How Squeezed States Affect Upper Limits to Graviton Mass /• We present what is relevant to squeezed states of initial space time and how that affects both the composition of relic GW and also gravitons. A side issue to consider is if gravitons can be configured as semi classical “particles”, which is akin to the Pilot particles model of Quantum Mechanics as embedded in a larger non linear “deterministic” background.
First Presented Saturday, September 3, 2011 at the G999 Conference, Philadelphia, PA http://ggg999.org/
Next Presentation : Friday, September 9, SAN MARINO WORKSHOP ON ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY
FOR MATTER AND ANTIMATTER
http://www.workshops-hadronic-mechanics.org/
San Marino, N. Italy
Discussion: The Nature of Semi-classical Nature of Gravity Reviewed; And Can We Use a Graviton Entanglement Version of the EPR System to Answer if The Graviton is Classical or Quantum in Origin?
Publisher’s note: Dr. Beckwith: I am honored that you have seen fit to acknowledge me in your presentations of today, September 3, 2011 at the G999 Conference in Philadelphia, and Friday, September 9, at the San Marino Workshop on Astrophysics and Cosmology For Matter and Antimatter, in San Marino, N. Italy.
In my view, these are rather extraordinary postulations, especially the probability of extra-universal black hole gravitational origins, along with expansion beyond Hawking of Quantum Wave theory and the “quantizing” of gravity. The latter may very well lead to a thorough reexamination of our concept of space and time, and that the latter might not be so unidirectional afterall. The potential is breathtaking, as it represents steps forward in proving the existence of subspace, the possibility of concomitant multi-universiality and 5D dimensionality of black holes.
Can time manipulation and Biefeld-Brown suggested electro-gravitics as a spacecraft propulsive methodology be far behind? I think not…
While most of the singularities of General Relativity are expected to be safely hidden behind event horizons by the cosmic censorship conjecture, we happen to live in the causal future of the classical big bang singularity, whose resolution constitutes the active field of early universe cosmology...
MASSIVE PHOTON HYPOTHESIS OPENS DOORS TO NEW FIELDS OF RESEARCHijrap
Mass, an inherent property of matter, is calculated directly for the photon particle from the very classical
principles of the kinetic theory of gases. It is not an end result with no perspective nor other outcome.
Quite the opposite, a single ponderable tiny photon frees the mind of old ways of thinking and opens up
new paths to a broad field of investigation where the very large can then be described and explained by the
very small. This reality of a non-zero mass suddenly shows up in the interpretation of many experiments
which become clear and simple to comprehend. Besides, that same key particle has the potential to unlock
and solve some long lasting major observational issues or enigmas. All this converges upon its
acknowledgement and acceptance.
Dark matter modeled as a Bose Einstein gluon condensate with an energy density relative to baryonic energy density in agreement with observation (ArXiv: 1507.00460)
I am Ben R. I am a Statistics Assignment Expert at statisticshomeworkhelper.com. I hold a Ph.D. in Statistics, from University of Denver, USA. I have been helping students with their homework for the past 5 years. I solve assignments related to Statistics.
Visit statisticshomeworkhelper.com or email info@statisticshomeworkhelper.com.
You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with Statistics Assignment.
Holographic Dark Energy in LRS Bianchi Type-II Space Timeinventionjournals
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJMSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Mathematics and Statistics, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Dynamical dark energy in light of the latest observationsSérgio Sacani
A flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker universe dominated by a cosmological constant (Λ) and cold dark matter (CDM) has been the working model preferred by cosmologists since the discovery of cosmic acceleration1,2. However, tensions of various degrees of significance are known to be present among existing datasets within the ΛCDM framework3–11. In particular, the Lyman-α forest measurement of the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) by the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey3 prefers a smaller value of the matter density fraction ΩM than that preferred by cosmic microwave background (CMB). Also, the recently measured value of the Hubble constant, H0 = 73.24 ± 1.74 km s−1 Mpc−1 (ref. 12), is 3.4σ higher than the 66.93 ± 0.62 km s−1 Mpc−1 inferred from the Planck CMB data7. In this work, we investigate whether these tensions can be interpreted as evidence for a non-constant dynamical dark energy. Using the Kullback–Leibler divergence13 to quantify the tension between datasets, we find that the tensions are relieved by an evolving dark energy, with the dynamical dark energy model preferred at a 3.5σ significance level based on the improvement in the fit alone. While, at present, the Bayesian evidence for the dynamical dark energy is insufficient to favour it over ΛCDM, we show that, if the current best-fit dark energy happened to be the true model, it would be decisively detected by the upcoming Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument survey14.
Energy in form of space may solve the dark energy problemPremier Publishers
A review of recent observations suggests a universe that is light weight (matter density is 1/3rd of the critical value), accelerating and flat. This implies the existence of a cosmic Dark Energy that overcomes the gravitational self-attraction force of matter and causes the accelerating expansion. Finding out the cause of expansion and acceleration of the universe is a challenging job in present day cosmology. Cosmological models with different types of dark energy are becoming viable standard models to analyze and simulate experimental data from a number of high red shift supernovae. In this article, physical significance and analytical expression for dark energy related to total energy (or energy density) and matter (or matter density) in the universe is presented. It is assumed that 'space' or 'vacuum' is another form of energy (other form is mass which is related as E = mc2). With this assumption new cosmological equation of state is constructed which is in very good agreement with present observations. Thus energy evolves from matter to radiation to space. It is also predicted that the existence of a fundamental particle with mass less than the mass of a quark is possible.
This is a "post-preprint" of a contributed paper at the XXII International conference on High Energy Physics Leipzig, July 19-25, 1984. Some of the ideas developed in this paper may turn out to be useful in the interpretation of the standard model of modern cosmology
This is a post-preprint of a contributed paper at the XXII International conference on High Energy Physics Leipzig, July 19-25, 1984. Some of the ideas developed in this paper may be useful in the interpretation of the standard model of modern cosmology
Conférence prononcée à Marseille le 9/12/2016 et à Lyon le 13/12/2016 dans laquelle est avancée l'idée qu'est en cours une nouvelle révolution scientifique, celle de la possible réconciliation de la relativité générale et de la physique quantique
Cet article a été publié comme un chapitre de l'ouvrage collectif Mutations de l'écriture (Publications de la Sorbonne) édité sous la direction de François Nicolas avec l'aide d'Aurélien Tonneau. Avec Michel Spiro, nous nous étions largement inspirés de cet article pour la rédaction du chapitre 5, consacré à l'électrodynamique quantique, de notre livre Le boson et le chaprau mexicain
Texte (mis à jour en aout 2015) de ma présentation lors de la rencontre Physique et interrogations fondamentales "La science et l'impossible" de novembre 2014
More from Laboratoire de recherche sur les sciences de la matière (LARSIM CEA-Saclay) (20)
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
1. The dark universe and the
quantum vacuum
CPPM-CPT Marseille 25/04/16
Gilles Cohen-Tannoudji
Laboratoire de recherche sur les sciences de la Matière
(LARSIM CEA-Saclay)
www.gicotan.fr
2. 25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 2
Space-time curvature The
cosmological
constant
Energy tensor of
matter
Matter tells space-time how it must be curved; space-
time tells matter how it must move
The unknown: the metric of
space-timeThe Einstein’s equation
Proportionality constant
1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
R x g x R g x T x
2
/G c
3. 25/04/16The dark universe and the quantum vacuum3
The Friedman Lemaître equations
1
8
2
1,000
Ng G T g
T pg p u u
u
Matter content of the universe, perfect fluid
velocity vector for the isotropic fluid
The Einstein equation
in comoving coordinates
2
2
2
;
8
3 3
0
3
4
3
3 3
NGR k
H
R R
T
H p
R G
p
R
Friedman-Lemaître equations
Energy conservation, via
4. 25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 4
2
2 2
2
0
3
8
/
/ 1
/ 1
c
N
c
H
G
k R H
k R
tot
tot
M R V
Definition of cosmological parameters
0
1
M b DM
tot b R DM DE
In CDM
k
5. 25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 5
“Eq. (19.8) has a simple classical mechanical analog if we neglect (for the moment) the
cosmological term . By interpreting −k/R2 Newtonianly as a ‘total energy’, then we
see that the evolution of the Universe is governed by a competition between the
potential energy, 8πGNρ/3, and the kinetic term (H0)2.”
Big bang cosmology,
K. Nakamura et al. (PDG), JP G 37 0750021 (2010)
Vanishing of spatial curvature = vanishing of “total energy”?
However, “the usage of referring –k/R0
2H0
2 as k is unfortunate: it encourages one to
think of curvature as a contribution to the energy density of the Universe, which is not
correct”
6. 25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 6
Emergent perspective of gravity and dark energy
T. Padmanabhan ArXiv: 1207,0505
Gravity and/is thermodynamics ArXiv:1512,06546
Exploring the nature of gravity ArXiv: 1602.011474
In the conventional approach, gravity is treated as a field which couples to the energy density of matter. The
addition of a cosmological constant — or equivalently, shifting of the zero level of the energy — is not a
symmetry of the theory and the field equations (and their solutions) change under such a shift. In the emergent
perspective, it is the entropy density rather than the energy density which plays the crucial role.
In Friedman universe in expansion, there is a horizon with radius H-1 to which
is associated an entropy
During time interval dt the change of gravitational entropy is
2 2 2
/ 4 / / 2p PS A L H L T H and a temperature
2
/ 1/ 4 /
/ / 8 /
P
N
dS dt L dA dt
T dS dt H G dA dt
and the corresponding heat flux
7. 25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 7
Gibbs-Duhem relation for matter
Energy conservation for matter
The entropy balance condition correctly
reproduces the field equation but with an arbitrary
cosmological constant acting as an integration
constant : the entropy density vanishes for the
cosmological constant: = - P
2
1/
/
4 /
8
m
m
N
s T P
Ts A P A
TdS dt P A
H dA
P A A H
G dt
H
entropy density for matter is
with correspondig heat flux
balancing matter and gravitational heat fluxes leads to
which becomes
, which with gives
4 NG P
Which is the correct Friedman equation
3 3
2
3
3
4
3
constant
8
N
N
d a da
P
dt dt
HH
H P
G
H
G
8. 25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 8
When the space-time responds in a manner maintaining entropy balance, it responds to
In other words, shifting the zero level of the energy is the symmetry of the theory in the emergent
perspective and gravity does not couple to the cosmological constant. The vanishing of CC would be a
direct consequence of this symmetry. The smallness of CC arises as a consequence of the smallness of the
symmetry breaking (‘t Hooft naturalness criterion)
Interpreting the CDM cosmology in the emergent perspective of gravity has led T. Padmanabhan to a
solution of the CC problem, and, as we are going to show, could lead to a new approach of the dark
matter problem
P T l l l
or more generally to (where is a null 4-vector)
which vanishes for the cosmological constant
9. 25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 9
Scale factorPrimeval inflation Expansion Late inflation1
A B
C
D
E
L
Linf
a w
10-60
LP
Past event horizon
Future event horizon
Big-Bang ignition
Today
From radiation to matter dominance
Color confinement
CDM cosmological SM
HEP standard model
BSM physics
F
EW symmetry breaking
G
Hubble radius L=H-1
The CDM cosmology
10. CDM in the emergent perspective of cosmology
• A conservation law in CDM: all
the modes that exit from the
horizon between A and B go
through the horizon between B and
F and the re-exit the horizon
between F and G
• This conservation law applies to
degrees of freedom, that is to
entropy and not to energy
• This means that the emergent
perspective of gravity applies to
CDM
25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 10
11. The three stages of the CDM cosmology
• The primordial inflation stage (AB)
• A BSM (beyond the standard model) phase
(Quantum gravity? GUT?, SUSY? Superstrings?,
Baryo- and lepto-genesis? Axions and axion-like
particles? ) that replaces the “big bang”
• Relaxation of the quantum vacuum after a
quantum fluctuation of matter and gravitational
fields that occurred in the remote past: all the
particles of the SM (supposed to be mass less
before the BEH mechanism) and possible BSM
particles are virtual
• the scale factor grows exponentially while the
Hubble radius of order of a GUT scale remains
constant (de Sitter space-time geometry)
• Inflation stops at B when the lightest non
massless particles of the SM, possibly the
neutrinos (with masses of about 1/100 eV, of
order of the CC scale) decohere. Point B is called
in the literature the reheating point. (Bjorken
calls it the ignition of the big bang).
25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 11
12. • The conventional FLRW phase (BF)
• Radiation dominated phase (BE), with L
proportional to a2 that goes through
• the breaking of the electroweak symmetry at C by
means of the BEH mechanism when all SM particles
except photons and gluons became massive
• The confinement of color at D when colorless
hadrons (baryons and mesons) were formed.
• Pressure-less matter dominated phase (EF), with
L proportional to a1.5, a phase in which occurred
the events of the conventional big bang model.
• The late inflation phase (FG)
• The acceleration of the expansion observed
today is interpreted as due to a non vanishing CC
• Asymptotically in the future, CC implies the
existence of an event horizon at G beyond which
the whole matter will be unobservable
25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 12
13. The de Sitter geometry of the quantum vacuum
• Before A (the past event horizon) and after G (the future event horizon), space-
time of the observable universe is empty of matter: (matter)=k=0. Inflation is
driven by a cosmological constant, an effective CC for the primordial inflation and
the observed CC for the late inflation; the geometry is the one of a de Sitter’s
universe
• A space-time empty of matter is not the nothingness: it is the quantum vacuum;
i.e. a complex medium in which the quantum fields of the standard model, and
possibly a quantized gravitational field are subject to quantum fluctuations.
• Such a complex medium can be considered as a perfect fluid with an equation of
state P = 0
• To describe phenomenologically such a medium, we have to include besides the
quantum fields of the standard model a (quantum) field to account for gravitation
• In homogeneous and isotropic cosmologies, which are conformally flat, the
relevant gravitational field is not the metric itself but a scalar field related to the
determinant of the metric, the dilaton field f
25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 13
14. 25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 14
CDM in the emergent perspective of gravity
With the dilaton field f we write the Friedman equation that translates the
balancing of the heat fluxes of matter and gravity through the horizon
In the conventional model
Dark matter associated with matter, not
with vacuum
Dark energy (CC) only component
associated with vacuum
2
0
3
8
B DM
DE
c
B DM DE c
The flatness sum rule
Matter
Matter
!
N
P
H
P
G
f
f
0
( ) 0
Matter
Matter Matter
T T l l
P P
f
f f
15. 25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 15
Our model
Dark matter and dark energy that have no non-gravitational interactions are
components of the quantum vacuum and not of the non-vacuum matter
The critical density is identified with the contribution of an effective
« running » CC
2
0
3
8 8N N
P
H
P
G G
f
f
B
DE DM
eff
c
B DM DE c
The flatness
Matter
Mat
sum ru
ter
le !
0
( ) 0
Matter
Matter Matter
T T l l
P P
f
f f
16. Dark energy and sterile neutrinos
• The masses of the neutrinos and the BEH mechanism
• The SM is compatible with mass less neutrinos: right handed neutrinos would
be isospin singlet, and hypercharge neutral and thus sterile with respect to
the SM. If no right handed neutrinos the Yukawa couplings of the BEH does
not lead to massive neutrinos.
• If neutrinos are not mass less, one needs some BSM physics.
• Simplest assumption: there exist right handed neutrinos, sterile with respect
to the SM
• The seesaw mechanism leading to very small masses for the
neutrinos (Ramond Neutrinos: precursors of new physics, C. R. Physique 6 (2005) 719-728)
25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 16
17. • Yukawa couplings to the BEH boson gives Dirac masses to neutrinos
• Right handed neutrinos can get Majorana masses
• Seesaw mechanism between a large Majorana mass (of the order of lepton
number breaking, i.e. GUT or primordial inflation scale) and the Dirac mass, of
the order of EW symmetry breaking, leads to
• Neutrino masses much smaller than charged particle masses
• A small sterile component of each physical neutrino, possible candidates for the dark
energy particles
• Through the so-called “sphaleron” mechanism, breaking of lepton
number can lead to breaking of baryon number at the GUT scale, and
thus to the breaking of the matter-antimatter symmetry. (W. Buchrnüller,
Neutrinos in the early universe C. R. Physique 6 (2005) 798-809)
25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 17
18. The BEH boson as the electroweak dark
matter
The well known interpretation of the BEH mechanism that generates
masses to all the particles coupled to the BEH field with a coupling
proportional to the mass or the squared mass, shows that the BEH
boson acts as a (massive) dilaton, i.e. as anEW ether or EW dark matter
25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 18
19. Dark matter and the QCD vacuum
• As an unbroken Yang Mills theory, QCD with no quarks or with mass less
quarks, is scale invariant
• But, because of infrared divergences, this symmetry is spontaneously
broken through the trace anomaly and dynamically realized
• In a cosmological context, the Nambu-Golstone boson of this spontaneous
symmetry breaking is our field f
• At the color confinement scale (about 1 GeV), since dark energy is
negligible, dark matter density is the density of the QCD vacuum.
• The known parton distribution functions of the nucleon at Q2 about 1
GeV2 show that the energy-momentum carried by the vacuum (gluons
plus sea quark pairs) is about five times the one carried by the valence
quarks: a factor 5 that is quite comparable with the observed ratio of
dark to baryonic matter
25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 19
20. A QUANTUM LIQUID MODEL FOR THE QCD VACUUM
H.B. NIELSEN and P. OLESEN Nuclear Physics
B160 (1979) 380-396
• “We show that domains are formed in a homogeneous SU(2) color magnetic
field. Due to quantum fluctuations the domains have fluid properties. It is then
argued that, quantum mechanically superpositions of such domains must be
considered. The resulting state is gauge and rotational invariant, in spite of the
fact that the original color magnetic field breaks these invariances. We point out
that in our model for the QCD vacuum, color magnetic monopoles are not
confined”
• The magnetic tubes therefore form a three-dimensional pattern which
resembles spaghetti.
25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 20
26. Le vide quantique, le lieu de la reconciliation
de la relativité et de la quantique
25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 26
27. 25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 27
• « D'où l'on peut voir qu'il y autant de
différence entre le néant et l'espace vide, que
de l'espace vide au corps matériel ; et
qu'ainsi l'espace vide tient le milieu entre le
matière et le néant. C'est pourquoi la
maxime d'Aristote dont vous parlez, "que les
non-êtres ne sont point différents", s'entend
du véritable néant, et non pas de l'espace
vide. » Réponse de Blaise Pascal au très
révérend père Noël, recteur de la Société de
Jésus, à Paris, 29 octobre 1647 Pascal, Œuvres
complètes, La Pléiade, p 384, ed. 1998
28. 25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 28
Ces constatations ont amené la Physique quantique contemporaine à devenir de plus en plus consciente du fait
que ce que nous nommons le vide n'est pas du tout un milieu dénué de propriétés physiques, mais bien plutôt une
sorte d'immense réservoir d'où peuvent émerger au niveau microphysique des unités ou des paires corpusculaires
et où aussi ces unités et ces paires disparaissant du niveau microphysique peuvent s'engloutir.
Si cette conception est exacte (et il semble bien aujourd'hui qu'elle le soit), il y aurait trois niveaux de la
réalité physique :
- le niveau microphysique ou quantique qui est celui des molécules, des atomes, des noyaux ou plus
généralement des particules élémentaires, qui est le domaine propre de la Physique quantique ;
- le niveau macrophysique des phénomènes macroscopiques directement observables à notre échelle qui est le
domaine propre de la Physique dite "classique";
- le niveau le plus profond, hypomicrophysique ou subquantique pourrait-on dire, constitué par ce "vide"
réservoir immense d'énergie sous-jacente dont nous ignorons encore presque tout. (,,,)
L'expression "substratum universel" (ou une autre de ce genre) serait meilleure. J'emploierai cependant
habituellement le mot vide couramment usité, mais vous devez imaginer qu'il doit être mis entre guillemets ("le
vide'').
Louis de Broglie, cours à la Sorbonne 1957-1958
29. 25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 29
Nous ne savons pas si, quand un boson apparaît au niveau microphysique sortant du "vide", il existait déjà dans ce
substratum à l'état préformé, ou s'il est "créé" au moment de son apparition. Nous ne savons pas davantage si,
quand un boson disparaît du niveau microphysique pour s'engloutir dans le "vide", il subsiste dans ce substratum
dans un état indécelable ou s'il est "détruit" au moment de sa disparition.
On est évidemment amené à penser que toute particule, même quand elle nous paraît isolée, est en contact avec
un milieu subquantique caché qui constitue une sorte d'invisible thermostat ..... La particule échangerait ainsi
continuellement de l'énergie et de la quantité de mouvement avec ce milieu subquantique.
Dès qu'on a admis l'existence d'un "milieu subquantique" caché, on est amené à se demander quelle est la
nature de ce milieu. Il a certainement une nature très complexe. En effet, il doit d'abord ne pas pouvoir servir
de milieu de référence universel, ce qui serait en opposition avec la théorie de la Relativité. De plus nous
verrons qu'il se comporte non pas comme un thermostat unique, mais plutôt comme un ensemble de
thermostats dont les températures seraient reliées aux énergies propres des diverses sortes de particules.
30. 25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 30
“There can be no space nor any part of space without gravitational potentials; for
these confer upon space its metrical qualities, without which it cannot be imagined at
all. The existence of the gravitational field is inseparably bound up with the existence of
space. On the other hand a part of space may very well be imagined without an
electromagnetic field; thus in contrast with the gravitational field, the electromagnetic
field seems to be only secondarily linked to the ether, the formal nature of the
electromagnetic field being as yet in no way determined by that of gravitational ether.
From the present state of theory it looks as if the electromagnetic field, as opposed to
the gravitational field, rests upon an entirely new formal motif, as though nature might
just as well have endowed the gravitational ether with fields of quite another type, for
example, with fields of a scalar potential, instead of fields of the electromagnetic type.”
A. Einstein, Einstein, L’éther et la théorie de la relativité Œuvres choisies, 5, Vol. 5 Science, éthique,
philosophie, pp. 81-88, Le Seuil, CNRS, 1991
The Mach’s ether
31. 25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 31
Recapitulating, we may say that according to the general theory of relativity space is endowed with
physical qualities; in this sense, therefore, there exists an ether. According to the general theory of
relativity space without ether is unthinkable; for in such space there not only would be no
propagation of light, but also no possibility of existence for standards of space and time (measuring-
rods and clocks), nor therefore any space-time intervals in the physical sense. But this ether may not
be thought of as endowed with the quality characteristic of ponderable media, as consisting of parts
which may be tracked through time. The idea of motion may not be applied to it.
Albert Einstein
An address delivered in 1920, at the University
of Leiden
32. Of course it would be a great advance if we could succeed in comprehending the gravitational field and
the electromagnetic field together as one unified conformation. Then for the first time the epoch of
theoretical physics founded by Faraday and Maxwell would reach a satisfactory conclusion. The contrast
between ether and matter would fade away, and, through the general theory of relativity, the whole of
physics would become a complete system of thought, like geometry, kinematics, and the theory of
gravitation. An exceedingly ingenious attempt in this direction has been made by the mathematician H.
Weyl; but I do not believe that his theory will hold its ground in relation to reality. Further, in
contemplating the immediate future of theoretical physics we ought not unconditionally to reject the
possibility that the facts comprised in the quantum theory may set bounds to the field theory beyond
which it cannot pass.
25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 32
33. 25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 33
Figure from T. Padmanabhan, The atoms of space, gravity and
CC, arXiv:1603.08658
35. 25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 35
h
kB
AP
G (AP/h)
U (h/kB)
B(kB/AP)
QFT
CFT
QIT
c
The triple quantization or generalized complementarity
equivalence
holography
complementarity
Generalized complementarity
(h, kB, c, G, )
36. Quasi-classical
physics
(de l’atome à la
galaxie)
G,h, k, c,
HEP SM CDM
Decoherence,
entanglement
h,kB
Holography
AP,kB
Quantum vacuum
{G,c,h,k,}
Subhadronic
scales
Extragalactic and
cosmic scales
{h, c}
QFT
{G, c, }
General relativity
BSM Physics
h,AP
37. Was the 1917 Einstein’s universe so wrong?
• CDM can be interpreted as a quasi-classical, quasi-Newtonian,
quasi “perfect”, quasi-Machian Einstein’s universe, in which dark
matter and energy and a “running” cosmological constant, exactly
compensate, at all epochs, the effects of gravity
• Such an unstable equilibrium would be unacceptable if the universe
was static
• But in an expanding universe, such an equilibrium is perfectly
admissible, because it is dynamical
• Rather that “running”, the CC in such an Einstein’s universe should be
said “biking”
25/04/16 The dark universe and the quantum vacuum 37