Pass out cups and post-its. Begin trial 1.

1. Populations

2. Warm up
Warm-up:
What are the 4 major macromolecules and their monomers?
Define the central dogma of molecular biology
What are the steps of photosynthesis and where do they occur in
the cell?
Announcement:
Guest Speaker – May 3rd Thursday. Donate Life
Open Notes Exam on May 8th
Agenda:
- Daphnia Project Set Up
- STAR Testing Practice and Review Old Material
- Populations if we have time

3. Daphnia Project
• Finally! You can finish your Daphnia Project
• Serial Dilutions
o Original Concentration/Dilution Factor = New Concentration
o Dilution Factor = Final New Volume/ Volume Aliquot
• Dealing with Tricky Chemicals
o Benzaldehyde and Caffiene
• Heat up in solution first
• Vortex

4. STAR Testing
• Why is it important?
o State Requirement – Prevents state take over
o Represents how well HTH is doing as school
• What do the score mean for me?
o STAR allows colleges to compare GPA from different schools
• Logistics
o Not timed
o No electronics or calculators

5. Review
Exam Breakdown
- 15% cell biology
- Semi-permeable membranes
- Enzymes and things that can affect enzymes
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells
- Central Dogma
- Organelles
- 31% genetics
- Reproduction of Cells
- Mendelian Genetics
- How to read a codon sheet
- DNA/RNA/Protein Structure

6. Review
Exam Breakdown
- 11.7% Ecology
- Population Size Determined by birth, immigration, emigration and death
- Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration
- 15% Evolution
- Factors that change the frequency of an allele
- Evolution is genetic changes based on changes in environment
- 16.7% Physiology
- Nervous System
- Immune System (HIV and AIDs)

7. Side Note for SAT II Test
- 60 minutes
- 80 question
- ¼ off for every wrong answer
- Leave blank -0
- Pick a score to aim for
- http://www.sparknotes.com/testprep/books/sat2/biology/chapter2sectio
n6.rhtml

8. Strategies
• Keep Calm and Carry On
• Scan exam
• Answer what you know first, then go back to ones
you are unsure of
• Make sure you mark on the correct grid
• Start getting a good night sleep and eating
breakfast at least 2 days before.
• Plan to be at least 15 min early.
• Read all options before answering
• Guess: 2 wrong and 2 right…
o Be careful with words such as always, sometimes, never

9. Warm Up
WARM UP: Take out your lab notebook and record how
many daphnia are still alive in each jar for your results. Write
observations of how the remaining alive daphnia are
behaving.
When finished, finish your star testing packet. They are on
the table next to the door.
HONORS: Take out your SAT Book.
ANNOUNCEMENTS:
Guest speaker(s) from Donate Life Thursday

10. SAT Info
• Reading 800
• Math 800
• Writing 800
• 1 raw score for correct answer and -.25 for every
wrong answer.
o Therefore, if you can eliminate 1 answer out of the 5 answers then guess.
o http://www.sparknotes.com/testprep/books/newsat/chapter3section4.rht
ml
• Pacing – Practice taking it and time yourself

11. FAFSA
Grant = Free Money, Loans = Must Pay Back
• Federal Pell Grant- From Federal Gov. based on
financial need (5.550 max- changes each school
yr.)

12. FAFSA
• Cal Grant – Only if you’re going to a California
School and you are a resident (GPA-3.0 from HS
and GPA 2.4 from college)
• Different types of Cal Grants:
o Cal Grant A: for undergrads resident (GPA-3.0 from HS and GPA 2.4 from
college)
• Going to a public school: $5,472 and $12,192
• Going to a private school: $9,708
o Cal Grant B: For low income students (GPA -2.0)
• $1,551 for housing and books
o Cal Grant C: For trade and occupational schools
• $576 max for books
• $2,592 for tuition
o Cal Grant A and B competitive: If you don’t go to college right after high
school. Doesn’t really concern you but usually need higher GPA

13. FAFSA
Loans
- Subsidized: no interest when in school, 6 months
after graduating, and during deferment
- Unsubsidized: interest all the time
- PLUS Loan: Unsubsidized loan your parents can take
out

14. FAFSA
How Much You get

15. FAFSA
• How much to Borrow?
Depends…Try to borrow as little as possible
• Options to Repay Loans:
o Standard Repayment: 50$ a month min and have 10 years to pay back
(least interest)
o Extended Repayment: Must have over S30,000 in loans. 25 yrs to pay off
• 2 options: Fixed and Graduated
o Fixed: pay same amount as standard plan for 25 yrs
o Graduated: pay less at first and payment increases every 2 years.
(max increase is 3x) May end up paying more interest

16. FAFSA
o Income contingent Repayment
• 2 options and will pay whichever cost less
o the amount you would pay if you repaid your loan in 12
years multiplied by an income percentage factor that
varies with your annual income, or
o 20% of your monthly discretionary income*.
o Income Based Repayment
• Under financial hardship you can pay a percentage of your
income per month.
• After 25 years can be forgiven for rest of loans if meet certain
requirements
o Public service worker – 10 years of payments forgiven
o Dangers: High interest. May not qualify

17. College App Screening
Process
• Round 1: Eliminate obvious candidates that don’t
make the cut
o Based on GPA, SAT, Sloppy Essay
• Round 2: Regional admission staff debate why
candidates are worthy
o Where your essay matters
o Pick a theme: Perseverance, Innovative, etc. Then show how you
represent that theme.

18. Things to Look for in a
College
• Accreditation: http://ope.ed.gov/accreditation/Search.aspx
• High Graduation Rate:
• Low Student – Faculty Ratio
• Financial Aid Assistance
• Internship options while you’re an undergrad (preferably paid)
• Paid Travel opportunities
• Engaging classes ()
• School activities match your interest
• Health and Wellness facilities
• Campus Safety and Comfort
• Academic Support Services
• Career Services and Leadership opportunity
• Strong Computing Infrastructure
• Strong Alumni Network

19. Populations
Population: organisms in the same species and live in the
same geographical area (close enough to interbreed)
Some factors that ecologists consider when they study
populations:
Geographical range: the size of the area the
population lives in
Density: how close together organisms in a
population live together
Age Structure: The percentage of people in different
age groups
Growth rate: how fast or slow is the population size
increasing

20. Food for Thought
On the issue of human overpopulation…
Do you think everyone should have the right to
reproduce? Even if they don’t have the financial,
physical, or social ability to provide for their offspring?
What if this reproduction rights had an effect on how
much taxes you have to pay? Etc. Should everyone
still have the right to reproduce?

21. Eugenics

22. Eugenics
• the social movement claiming to improve the
genetic features of human populations through
selective breeding and sterilization

24. Eugenics in US Law
• Indiana became the first state to enact sterilization
legislation in 1907, followed closely by Washington and
California in 1909.
• 1927 Supreme Court case Buck v. Bell which legitimized
the forced sterilization of patients at a Virginia home for
the mentally retarded.
• An IQ of 70 or lower meant sterilization was appropriate
in North Carolina.
• The American Breeder’s Association was the first eugenic
body in the U.S. The ABA was formed to “investigate and
report on heredity in the human race, and emphasize
the value of superior blood and the menace to society
of inferior blood.” Membership included Alexander
Graham Bell, Stanford president David Starr Jordan and
Luther Burbank.

25. Eugenics in US Politics
• Margret Sanger founder of planned parenthood:
Margaret Sanger saw birth control as a means to
prevent unwanted children from being born into a
disadvantaged life, and incorporated the
language of eugenics to advance the movement

26. Eugenics in California
• The state of California was at the vanguard of the
American eugenics movement, performing about
20,000 sterilizations or one third of the 60,000
nationwide from 1909 up until the 1960s.
• Almost 19 million people attended the Panama-
Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco.
o Conference for 10 months to address stopping disease and inferior
characteristics through eugenics

27. Why and Who to Sterilize
• Men and women were compulsorily sterilized for
different reasons. Men were sterilized to treat their
aggression and to eliminate their criminal behavior,
while women were sterilized to control the results of
their sexuality (prostitution)

28. How to Sterilize and
Euthanize
• A mental institution in Lincoln, Illinois fed its incoming
patients milk infected with tuberculosis (reasoning
that genetically fit individuals would be resistant),
resulting in 30-40% annual death rates.
• Unknown “Cure”
• Medical Neglect

29. Eugenics Cali to Germany
• California eugenicists began producing literature
promoting eugenics and sterilization and sending it
overseas to German scientists and medical
professionals. By 1933, California had subjected
more people to forceful sterilization than all other
U.S. states combined. The forced sterilization
program engineered by the Nazis was partly
inspired by California's

30. We Do Not
Stand
Alone

31. Eugenics Cali to Germany
• Upon returning from Germany in 1934, where more
than 5,000 people per month were being forcibly
sterilized, the California eugenics leader C. M.
Goethe bragged to a colleague:
• "You will be interested to know that your work has
played a powerful part in shaping the opinions of
the group of intellectuals who are behind Hitler in
this epoch-making program. Everywhere I sensed
that their opinions have been tremendously
stimulated by American thought . . . I want you, my
dear friend, to carry this thought with you for the rest
of your life, that you have really jolted into action a
great government of 60 million people."

32. End-ish of Eugenics
A few years after end of WWII and Nazi Germany
1968-1969 (End of WWII - 1945)
- Feminist Movement

33. Good Afternoon!
Warm up:
1. Warm up questions
How engaged did you feel yesterday? Why?
On a scale of 0-100. (0 being unproductive and 100 being
highly productive) What would you rate yourself?
2. Turn in your STAR Packet. Make a neat pile on the table
in front of the fridge.
Agenda:
P1 – Sex in a Cup (HIV/AIDs Transmission)
P2 – Guest Speaker
P3 – Guest Speaker
P4 – Sex in a Cup (HIV/AIDs Transmission)

34. HIV/AIDs Activity
Title: HIV/AIDs – Sex in a Cup
Purpose: To demonstrate how HIV can spread and
how pathologists locate patient zero (the patient that
first contracted the disease)
Method:
1. Get a cup filled with fluids and the post-it attached
to it. (Do not sniff or drink your fluid cup. If fluids get
in contact with skin, rinse immediately with cold
water)

35. HIV/AIDs Activity
Method:
2. Read the post-it privately to yourself. The post-it will
determine your behavior in trial 1. Keep it a secret.
3. When you exchange body fluids, pour your fluids in their
cup and take back and equal amount of fluid you gave
away to your partner.
4. You must ask permission to exchange fluids and you may
not tell the person your role.
5. Keep track of who you exchanged body fluids with in the
results table
6. Only exchange fluids if you role allows you too.
7. After exchanging fluids for 5 times you will be
administered an AIDs test