Dan Molloy - Zebra mussels presentation 9/12/11
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mcwdDan Molloy is a research scientist studying diseases in aquatic organisms like zebra mussels. Zebra mussels were accidentally introduced to North America in 1988 and have caused ecological, recreational, and industrial problems. Molloy discovered the bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens CL145A is lethal specifically to zebra mussels when ingested. Laboratory and field tests showed it is an effective and environmentally-safe control method. However, more research is still needed to determine if it can be used in lakes and rivers for containment purposes.
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The document discusses chemical methods for controlling mosquitoes that transmit diseases. It describes commonly used pesticides like malathion, which is an organophosphate adulticide. Resistance to chemicals is a growing problem, so integrated pest management is most effective and includes larviciding, adulticiding, source reduction and public education. The city of Gainesville spends hundreds of thousands of dollars annually on its mosquito control program, which surveys citizens find is working reasonably well.
Amphibians
Amphibians play a pivotal role in ecosystems as both predators and prey. As tadpoles, they consume plants and are eaten by invertebrates and small vertebrates, transferring nutrients through the food web. Adult amphibians are effective biological pest controllers, consuming large numbers of invertebrates. Their highly permeable skin also makes them vulnerable to environmental pollutants. Declines in amphibian populations significantly impact ecosystem balance and are early indicators of habitat degradation.
The invasive species challenge in estuarine and coastal (2)
The document discusses introduced aquatic species in coastal environments. It covers several topics:
1) Introduced species are those transported outside their native range by human activities, with invasive species causing economic or ecological harm. Coastal areas are particularly at risk due to shipping and other vectors.
2) Australia and New Zealand have taken proactive approaches to prevention, eradication, and control, based strongly on science. The US lacks centralized management and federal leadership.
3) Case studies of the invasive algae Caulerpa taxifolia and cordgrass Spartina alterniflora showed the importance of early detection and action for successful eradication when populations are small.
C.3 impact of humans on ecosystems
1. Human activities can negatively impact ecosystem function by introducing invasive alien species, polluting the environment, and accumulating plastic debris.
2. Case studies show how invasive cane toads in Australia and zebra mussels in North America outcompeted native species. Pollutants like DDT biomagnify up food chains and accumulate in top predators, thinning bird eggshells.
3. Large amounts of plastic debris, especially microplastics consumed by zooplankton, harm marine environments. A study found 40% of Laysan albatross chicks died from ingesting plastic trash mistook for food.
Redtide 2
Red tides are caused by blooms of microscopic algae called phytoplankton. Certain species produce toxins or deplete oxygen in the water, potentially harming marine life or humans. Red tides vary in color and can last from days to months, depending on environmental conditions. While red tides are natural phenomena, human activities may be contributing to their increased frequency and range. To stay safe, people should check for health advisories before collecting or eating local shellfish and fish during or after red tides.
Isolation of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Seaweeds Amphiroa anceps ag...
Isolation of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Seaweeds Amphiroa anceps ag...Ferdinand .S. Lubobi
The biodiversity of ocean living resources provide an ample scope for the extraction of drugs and chemicals for therapeutic purposes. Sea weed Amphiroa anceps, collected from Thondi-Palk Strait region of Tamil Nadu, was studied for antagonistic activity of proteins. Seaweed species were identified based on specula morphology. Ethyl
Acetate extracts yielded a total of 0.9 g, 0.12 g, 0.02 g, 0.14 g and 0.17 g from 1.5 g of sponge respectively. The antagonistic activity of crude extract against bacterial pathogens showed clear inhibition zones against Yersinia sp., Streptococcus sp. and Vibrio sp. The extracted Seaweed strain had Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations against all the three chicken meat associated pathogens, Vibrio sp., Yersinia sp. and Streptococcus sp. and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration against two chicken meat associated pathogens, Vibrio sp. and Yersinia sp.Marine pollution
Marine pollution occurs when harmful substances are discharged into water bodies. Chemicals can accumulate up food chains and cause mutations and disease in marine life and humans. Major sources include point sources like factories and non-point sources like rainfall. Specific types of marine pollution include oil pollution, plastic debris, eutrophication, acidification, and toxins. Several international organizations and laws aim to reduce marine pollution and protect oceans.
Invasives
The document discusses the invasive zebra mussel species in the Great Lakes region. Some key points:
- Zebra mussels were first discovered in the Great Lakes in 1988 and have since spread to over 180 introduced species. They can cause major economic and ecological damage.
- They proliferate rapidly and can filter large volumes of water, affecting water clarity and passing pollutants up the food chain. Their sharp shells also pose hazards for recreation and infrastructure.
- Controlling and eradicating the mussels is challenging as they are tolerant of chemicals. Researchers are studying new control methods like bacteria that could provide environmentally-friendly solutions.
INTRODUCTION OF PLANKTON
Plankton are microscopic organisms that drift or float in aquatic environments. They are categorized into phytoplankton and zooplankton. Phytoplankton are plant-like organisms that can photosynthesize, while zooplankton are animal plankton that consume other organisms. Plankton play important roles in aquatic ecosystems as indicators of water quality, primary producers that form the base of the food web, producers of oxygen through photosynthesis, and major participants in the global carbon cycle. They are studied and classified by size, nutritional requirements, length of planktonic life, and habitat. Understanding plankton communities provides insights into ecosystem health and functions.
Bioindicators Slide.pptx
Naturally occurring Bioindicators are used to assess the health of the environment and are also an important tool for detecting changes in the environment, either positive or negative, and their subsequent effects on human society.
Disrupting the Balance - Ecological Impacts of Pesticides in California
This document summarizes the ecological impacts of pesticides in California. It finds that pesticides continue to kill birds directly and impair reproduction, threaten fish and their food supply, and reduce biodiversity. Specifically, the insecticides diazinon and carbofuran cause most documented bird kills. Multiple pesticides are commonly found in California waters, exceeding levels toxic to zooplankton and fish. Toxic pesticide pulses from agricultural and urban runoff regularly violate water quality standards. While laws aim to protect wildlife, toxic pesticides are still used in national wildlife refuges. Alternatives to pesticides exist but have not replaced heavy reliance on chemicals.
Lab #11 – EcotoxicologyPrelab DiscussionT.docx
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Lab #11 –
Ecotoxicology
Prelab Discussion
Today’s Lab ObjectivesTo apply your knowledge of ecosystems, population ecology, and ecotoxicology to a case study of the impact of pollution on Daphnia populations and what that might indicate for ecosystems as a whole.
To learn more about the sources and impacts of pollutants on the dynamics of aquatic ecosystems, particularly the impacts of organic pollution, acid pollution, and salinity.
To learn more about the use of indicator species and to understand why Daphnia are used as such a species.
Understand what lethal dose/concentration means and how it is specific for each pollutant type.
To practice using credible sources on (at least 2 peer-reviewed) to support your arguments.
Synthesize this information into a final lab report.
In Today’s Lab
Review of Ecosystem BasicsEcosystem: All of the interacting organisms (populations) and abiotic factors that occur in a particular place at a given time
Components of an Ecosystem:
Abiotic - nonliving components e.g. Sunlight, temperature, precipitation, soil/water chemistry
Biotic - all the living things that affect an organism in its environment e.g. Organisms
Example of an Ecosystem
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Looking at the image below…
how would you define pollution?
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What is pollution?Definition – unnatural by-products of human activities accumulating in the environment at levels that are harmful to living organism.
Sources of pollution vary
Some specific types of pollution:AcidOrganic ThermalPharmaceuticalSalinity
Acid PollutionDefinition:
sulfur and nitrogen oxides react with air in the atmosphere (and potentially the terrestrially via run-off) to form sulfuric and nitric acids which will reenter the environment via rain.
Acid pollution is extremely detrimental to all organisms (auto- or heterotrophic) in the environment
Acid Rain is a prime example of Acid Pollution.Rainwater with a pH <5.6 = acidic.Side effect of air pollution from industry.
Basic Example of the
Creation of Acid Pollution
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Organic PollutionDefinition:
compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation
Examples: Pesticides, fertilizers, detergents, sewage, farm run-off
Organic pollutants canBe persistent in the environment for a long period of timeThey accumulate in human/animal tissues and magnify in food chains.a.k.a. They have significant impacts on human health and the environment as a whole.Are capable of long-range transportCan provide large quantities of of organic compounds and limiting nutrients, which act as substrates (food) for microorganisms, are released into water sources (algal blooms)
Examples of Organic Pollution
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EutrophicationThe process by which a body of water acquires a high concentration of nutrients, especially phosphates and nitrates.
These typically promote excessive growth of algae.Algae die, decompose, increase organic material…therefore resulting in oxygen depletion.
The Process of Eutrophication
Bioaccumulati ...
Presentation 8: Vibrio parahaemolyticus: a versatile pathogen that can adapt ...
http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/28b6bd62-5433-4fad-b5a1-8ac61eb671b1/
International Technical Seminar/Workshops on Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)
New drug discovey
This document discusses new drug discovery from marine sources. It begins by introducing how humans have long sought medicines from their environment, including currently efficacious drugs derived from natural products. It then focuses on the marine environment as a less explored but rich source of novel bioactive molecules, with over 16,000 compounds isolated from marine invertebrates so far. The document provides examples of marine natural products that have become drugs, such as Eribulin, Discodermolide, and Dolastatin-10. It concludes by stating that natural products from marine sources give hope to treat diseases like cancer, HIV, and Alzheimer's, and that the marine environment remains largely untapped with promise for novel pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals.
rm-marinemammals
This document provides an overview of the Philippine Aquatic Wildlife Rescue and Response Manual Series: Marine Mammals. It was published through a collaboration between Marine Wild Fauna Watch of the Philippines, Inc., the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, the Biodiversity Management Bureau, and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH. The manual provides guidance on responding to stranded marine mammals, identifying local marine mammal species, conducting research and examinations, and collecting data to support conservation efforts. It is intended to build capacity for proper response to stranding incidents and help protect threatened marine mammal populations in the Philippines.
WaterMetagenomicsPptAmanNanavatySlides.pdf
A concise presentation on the emerging topic on Metagenomic Analysis of Water Bodies. This presentation will help students and scientists to understand the various techniques used in metagenomic studies of rivers as well as oceans. Brief Introduction to various bioinformatic techniques like Lipidomics, LCMS, HPLC and Next Gen Sequencing, with a focus toward ocean and river samples.
A Review on the Antimicrobial Activity of Sesuvium Portulacastrum
The document summarizes a study on the antimicrobial activity of Sesuvium portulacastrum, a mangrove plant. The study found that ethanol extracts of S. portulacastrum leaves contained phytochemicals like steroids and showed strong antibacterial activity against pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified compounds in the ethanol extract including 22, 23-Dihydrostigmasterol, Benzoic acid, Epicatechin, and Capsaicin that were responsible for the antimicrobial properties. The presence of these phytochemicals supports the potential of S. portulacastrum as a source of antimicrobial agents.
Biodiversity trend indicators from OBIS
This document discusses the Trendylyzer tool, which analyzes long-term trends in biogeographic data from the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) database. Trendylyzer aims to discover trends in marine species diversity and distribution by identifying the most commonly observed species for different taxonomic groups. It does this by calculating a "commonness score" for each species based on factors like the number of observations, datasets, and geographic regions where it has been recorded. The tool helps address major challenges in detecting biodiversity trends, like gaps in data coverage and distinguishing truly changing patterns from natural variability. It could help identify species that are losing their status as commonly observed.
Similar to Dan Molloy - Zebra mussels presentation 9/12/11 (20)
The invasive species challenge in estuarine and coastal (2)
The invasive species challenge in estuarine and coastal (2)
Isolation of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Seaweeds Amphiroa anceps ag...
Isolation of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Seaweeds Amphiroa anceps ag...
Disrupting the Balance - Ecological Impacts of Pesticides in California
Disrupting the Balance - Ecological Impacts of Pesticides in California
Presentation 8: Vibrio parahaemolyticus: a versatile pathogen that can adapt ...
Presentation 8: Vibrio parahaemolyticus: a versatile pathogen that can adapt ...
A Review on the Antimicrobial Activity of Sesuvium Portulacastrum
A Review on the Antimicrobial Activity of Sesuvium Portulacastrum
Recently uploaded
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
Consult the full report at https://www.oecd.org/digital/oecd-artificial-intelligence-review-of-germany-609808d6-en.htm
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FME
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAU
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
GraphSummit Singapore | Neo4j Product Vision & Roadmap - Q2 2024
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
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20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
Everything I found interesting about machines behaving intelligently during May 2024
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...
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For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
Mind map of common terms used in context of Generative AI.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
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Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
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Everything I found interesting about the irresponsible use of machine intelligence in May 2024
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 days
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
ここ3000字までしか入らないけどタイトルの方がたくさん文字入ると思います。
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Recently uploaded (20)
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
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Dan Molloy - Zebra mussels presentation 9/12/11
- 1. A Formidable Foe: The Search for an Environmentally Safe Zebra Mussel Control Method Daniel P. Molloy, Ph.D. Research Scientist: State University of New York at Albany Consultant: Molloy & Associates
- 8. Who is my (our) foe?
- 12. Two North American Species Quagga mussel Dreissena rostriformis bugensis Zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha
- 15. 1988 – Zebra mussels were first discovered in Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie
- 18. How did these mussels get to North America?
- 21. So what’s the problem? 1. Ecological 2. Recreational 3. Industrial
- 30. Recreational Impacts Cut foot Pelican Lake, MN (Credit - Bob Gilsdorf to Fargo The Forum )
- 33. Weeks and weeks of chlorination How to reduce the use of chlorination and other biocides?? Trihalomethanes Dioxins
- 34. Find a control method to reduce the use of broadspectrum chemicals. Biological control
- 35. Find a control method to reduce the use of broadspectrum chemicals. Discover a bacterium with specificity to Dreissena spp.? Biological control Why a bacterial control agent?
- 39. For decades polluting broadspectrum chemical insecticides were used for black fly control in New York State
- 41. B t i Bacteria used to control black fly larvae
- 42. Metropolitan Mosquito Control District 165 small streams 28 large river sites Program began in 1984 Bti bacteria are applied:
- 43. Use of bacteria successful against black flies Maybe success against Dreissena spp. too?? ?????
- 45. Pseudomonas fluorescens CL145A
- 46. Dreissena spp. die following ingestion of large quantities of P. fluorescens cells Individual P. fluorescens cells are ~1 x 2 m 2 mm
- 47. Trials within power plants NYPA Hydro-electric power plant Crescent, NY Mohawk River RG&E Coal-fired power plant Rochester, NY Lake Ontario
- 48. Lab trials = 100% kill. Veligers appear to be the most susceptible life stage.
- 49. Specificity of Pf- CL145A product Trout Salmo trutta Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas Bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus Freshwater ciliate Colpidium colpoda Zooplankton Daphnia magna Mytilus edulis, Pyganodon grandis, Lasmigona compressa, Strophirus undalatus, Lampsilis radiata, Pyganodon cataracta, Elliptio complanata 7 Bivalve species Mallard duck Anas platyrhynchos Freshwater shrimp Hyalella azteca
- 50. If Pf -CL145A is going to really be used to reduce the use of chemical biocides in pipes, my New York State government lab needed to partner with a company….. … ..one with expertise in commercializing biopesticides
- 51. Pf -CL145A Product name: Zequanox
- 52. OK, the future of Pf -CL145A looks promising for use in pipes.... but could it be used to in lakes and rivers? We will not know without additional research
- 53. The current overriding approach in the fight against zebra mussels is CONTAINMENT SLOW the spread! = Inspections
- 54. Minnesota has been and continues to be a leader in educating its citizen about slowing the spread
- 55. Federal agencies University of Minnesota Sea Grant
- 56. State governmental agencies
- 57. Local governmental agencies
- 58. Minnesotan citizen groups
- 59. OK, the future of Pf -CL145A looks promising for use in pipes.... but could it be used to in lakes and rivers? We will not know if the Pf -CL145A bacterium can be used for containment until it is field tested
Editor's Notes
- Entomological research has been a minor part of my research in last few years
- Entomological research has been a minor part of my research in last few years
- What that dot is is a congealed pool of your blood…. that is one of the principla ways to distinguish BF vs Mosq bites
- Entomological research has been a minor part of my research in last few years