This document discusses various types of gases and dusts found in mines. It describes five common gas mixtures called damps: white damp (CO and air), black damp (CO2, N2 and air), stink damp (H2S and air), after damp (CO, CO2, CH4, O2, N2 and H2), and fire damp (methane and air). It also discusses mine dusts and provides a classification system for dusts based on their health hazards and explosion properties, including fiberogenic, carcinogenic, toxic, radioactive, and explosive dusts.

1. Damps & Mine Dusts

2. Group member
Names CMS ID
 Muhammad Suleman Khan 25099
 Aurangzeb Khan 25129
 Wasim Saif 26564
 Feroz Ali 24530
 Muhammad Parvez 25517
 Zubair Ahmad 24940

3. Damps
 Damps are the names early miners gave to the
mixtures of gases. Many of these terms are still in
use today.
 The most common damps are:
1. White Damp
2. Black Damp
3. Stink Damp
4. After Damp
5. Fire Damp

4. White Damp
 It is a mixture of CO and Air which results from a
mine fire.
Why called White Damp?
 Because it is found in high concentrations of black
powder smoke which is white.
 The CO in this mixture makes it toxic.

5. Black Damp
 It is actually a mixture of CO2, N2 and Normal Air.
Why called Black Damp?
 Because it causes miner’s lights to get out.
 It is produced by methane fires and explosions.
 This damp causes suffocation.

6. Stink Damp
 It is a mixture of H2S and air.
 Stink damp gets its name from the characteristics
“rotten eggs” order of H2S.
 It is highly toxic.

7. After Damp
 It is a mixture of CO, CO2, CH4, O2, N2 and H2.
Why called After Damp?
 Because it is usually found after explosion or fire.
 Co is the most poisonous of the gases in after
damp.

8. Fire Damp
 It is a mixture of methane and normal air that will
burn or explode when ignited.
 The fir in the fire damp comes from the fact that
the mixture is flammable.

9. Mine Dust
 Dust may be defined as the solid particles of
matter that are normally produced by crushing,
grinding and explosions.
 Mine dusts are desirable from two points of view:
1) Health hazards 2) Causes of explosion
 Dust particles which ranges from 10μm to 0.0004
inches are classified as respirable dust.

10. Classification of Dusts
 Dusts are classified on the basis of their harmful
physiological effects of explosion properties.
 The classification is given below:

11. Classification of Dust Cont.
1 Fiberogenic Dust ( harmful to
respiratory system)
a) Silica ( Quartz, Chert )
b) Silicates ( Asbestos, Talc, mica)
c) Metal Fumes
d) Iron ores
e) Tin ores
f) Carborundom
g) Coal ( Anthracite and bituminous )

12. Classification of Dust Cont.
2 Carcenogenic Dust (Radiation)
a) Radon Daughters
b) Asbestos
c) Arsenic
3 Toxic Dusts (poisonous to lungs ,
tissues)
a) Ores or beryllium, arsenic, lead, uranium, radium,
thorium, mercury, silver and nickel.

13. Classification of Dust Cont.
4) Radioactive Dusts
a) Ores of uranium, radium and thorium.
5) Explosive Dusts
a) Metallic dust
b) Coal dust
c) Sulfide ores
d) Organic dust

14. Classification of Dust Cont.
6) Nuisance Dust
a) Gypsum
b) Kaolin
c) limestone