Particulate pollution notes

1. ESE PRESENTATION-1
(2023)
PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTION

2. WHAT IS PARTICULATE AIR
POLLUTION??
• Particulate pollution is pollution of an environment that consists of particles
suspended in some medium.
• There are three primary forms: atmospheric particulate matter,marine debris, and space
debris
• Some particles are released directly from a specific source, while others form in chemical
reactions in the atmosphere.
• Particulate pollution can be derived from either natural sources or anthropogenic
processes.

3. Particulate
Size range:
0.1 to 100 nm
Visibility:
1)Naked Eye:>50
micrometer
Electron
2)microscope:<0.005
micrometer
Classification basis:
1)Size
2)Physical State
3)Mode of formation
Forms:
•1)Minute solid particles
•2)Suspended droplets
•3)Mixture of both

4. Particulate
Pollutants
Smoke
Dust
Fog
Fly Ash
Soot
Fumes
Smog

5. SMOKE:
Cause:
Imperfect Fuel
Combustion
Composition:
1)Carbon Particles(0.1-1 mm)
2)Ash
3)Oil
Major Sources:
1)Rails
2)Roads
3)Industry
4)Power plants
5)Automobiles
A visible suspension of carbon or other particles in
air, typically one emitted from a burning substance.

6. DUST
State And Size:
1)Solid
2)1-200 mm
Suspension time:
1)Moderate
2)Settle down due to
gravity
Sources:
1)Mines
2)Quarries
3)Traffic
4)Agriculture
Fine, dry powder consisting of tiny particles of earth or
waste matter lying on the ground or on surfaces or carried
in the air.

7. FUMES:
Visibility:
Colorless
Size:
0.1-1
mm
Source:
1)Condensation of solid
material vapor.
2)Metallurgy
An amount of gas or vapour
that smells strongly or is dangerous
to inhale.

8. FLY ASH
Composition:
1)Inorganic metals
2)Minerals
Source:
Thermal power
stations and
industry.
The finely divided residue that results from the combustion of
pulverized coal and is transported from the combustion chamber
by exhaust gases.

9. SOOT
Incomplete combustion of carbon material
V
Release of carbon tar particles
Process:
Combustion of fossil-
based fuels and
biomass burning at the
Earth's surface
Source:
A deep
black powdery or flaky sub
stance consisting largely
of amorphous carbon,
produced by the incomplete
burning of organic matter

10. FOG
Composition:
1)Mist of water droplets.
2)Dense and
concentrated texture.
Regions:
1)Cool areas
2)Mountains and hilly
areas

11. SMOG
MIXTURE OF SMOKE AND FOG
London Smog
• London,1952
• Coal , smoke ,fog
• Oxides of Sulphur
• S + O2  SO2
• SO2 + 1/2 O2  SO3
Los Angeles Smog
• Los Angeles,California,1944
• Photochemical Smog
• NOx , Cox , HO and
hydrocarbons
• N2 + O2 2NO
• 2NO + O2 2NO2
• NO2 ----- NO + [O]
• [O] + O2  O3
Smoggy Normal

12. Effects
Traces of Pb ,
Ni , Cd , Hg
affect health
Aerosols decrease
O3 layer
concentration
Smog has
toxic
effects on
life
Retardation of
photosynthesis and
plant growth due to
dust deposition
Metal corrosion ,
discoloration ,
destruction of paint
surface caused by
H2S,HCl,etc..
Plant tissues
damaged
due to acid
rain
Respiratory problems
caused by,
1)Fly ash and soot
2)Metal dust of Pb , Cr ,
Ni , Zn , Hg , from
Metallurgy and Cotton
dust from textile .