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Discourse analysis is the study of language in use and how it constructs meaning and social interactions. It can analyze various text types like conversations and media. Discourse analysis examines linguistic features and how language relates to social context. Critical discourse analysis takes a more critical approach, explicitly analyzing power dynamics and how language can legitimize or challenge social inequalities. It aims to uncover hidden power structures in language used in politics, media, and other domains. While discourse analysis broadly studies language use, critical discourse analysis specifically investigates the role of language in shaping power relations and ideologies.
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available knowledge about the historical sources and the
background of the social and political fields in which
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Further, it analyzes the historical dimension of discursive
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DHA lays emphasis on the practice-related quality of the
discourse, the context dependence of discourse, and the
structures as well as constructive character of discourses.
DHA focuses on the systematic analysis of context and its
dialectical relationships to meaning-making process.
This approach entails trans-disciplinary and multitheoretical methods with other disciplines.
Like the other critical anlysts, the proponents of DHA
make practical claims of emancipation and criticize
discursively constituted power abuse, injustice, and social
discrimination and they make epistemic claims of
reduction.
DHA sustains that language is not powerful on its own, it
is a means to gain and maintain power by the powerful
people make use of it.
Aims of DHA
The first study for which the DHA was developed
analyzed the constitutions of anti-semantic stereotyped
images as they emerged in public discourses in the 1986
Austrian presidential campaign of former UN General
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national-socialist past.
This type of analysis first time introduce by Wodak, who
argues that discourse has different practices in society.
Wodak pays attention to the multi-model macro as well
as micro phenomena to inter-textual and inter-discursive
relationships as well as social, historical, and political
factors relating to the verbal and non-verbal phenomena
of communication.
The Origin of DHA:
This approach is inter-disciplinary. He explains that interdisciplinary involves theory, methods, methodology research
practice, and practical application.
This approach is problem oriented, like the any other theoretical
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2. Innatist theory, proposed by Noam Chomsky, argues that humans are born with an innate language acquisition device in the brain that allows them to learn language according to innate linguistic principles and parameters.
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The document discusses grammar and style. It defines grammar as the systematic study and description of language, noting that grammar establishes rules that are necessary for a language to be complete, similar to rules in games. Style refers to word choices used by specific groups. The document then presents the basic model of grammar as having a hierarchy from small linguistic units like clauses to larger units. It describes the key components of a clause as the subject, predicator, complement, and adjunct. Various types of clauses are also discussed, including imperative, interrogative, and declarative clauses as well as variations involving different grammatical moods.
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This document provides an overview of speech act theory. It discusses that speech act theory attempts to explain how speakers use language to accomplish intended actions and how listeners determine intended meaning. It was first proposed by J.L. Austin and later expanded on by John Searle. The document then discusses key aspects of speech act theory, including locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts. It also discusses felicity conditions and provides an example of the speech act of promising. Finally, it provides a brief overview of John Searle's contributions to the development of speech act theory.
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The document provides an overview of systemic functional linguistics, which views language as a strategic meaning-making resource that is influenced by social and cultural context. It discusses 21 potential applications of systemic theory and lists four main claims: that language use is functional, its function is to make meanings, these meanings are influenced by context, and language use is a semiotic process of making meanings through choice. The document also describes how context impacts language use through registers, genres, and ideology. Systemic analysis seeks to demonstrate that linguistic texts make multiple meanings simultaneously through experiential, interpersonal, and textual meanings.
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Semantic Roles
This document discusses thematic roles and grammatical relations. It defines semantic roles as the underlying relationship between a participant and the main verb. The major thematic relations are identified as agent, patient, theme, experiencer, instrument, and goal. Examples are provided for each. Grammatical relations indicate the syntactic relationship between a verb and noun phrases, and include subject, direct object, and indirect object. Oblique is defined as the grammatical relation for objects of prepositions.
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This document discusses the difference between linguistic competence and performance. Competence refers to a person's underlying knowledge of language rules, while performance is how that knowledge is applied in real-time speech and writing. Competence involves knowledge of morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics, while performance can be impacted by psychological factors like memory limitations or fatigue. Mistakes in performance do not necessarily mean a lack of competence if the speaker recognizes the mistakes. The relationship between competence and performance illustrates that knowing a language's rules differs from real-world application of that knowledge.
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The document discusses deep structure and surface structure in linguistics. It defines deep structure as the abstract concepts and meanings underlying what is expressed, while surface structure refers to the actual words and syntax used. Transformational grammar assigns deep and surface structures to sentences to show the relationship between sentences with different surface forms but the same meaning. Deep structure can help explain ambiguous and multi-interpretation sentences by revealing the underlying conceptual structure.
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The DHA attempts to integrate a outsized quantity of
available knowledge about the historical sources and the
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discursive “events” are embedded.
Further, it analyzes the historical dimension of discursive
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DHA lays emphasis on the practice-related quality of the
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structures as well as constructive character of discourses.
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10 Nopember 2022.ppt
Critical discourse analysis (CDA) examines language use in real world contexts beyond sentence structure, considering social and political aspects. CDA views language as a form of social practice and seeks to identify power structures and inequities reinforced through language. It takes a critical stance to analyze how language constructs social phenomena and plays a role in domination or social change. Approaches to CDA include Fairclough's three-dimensional framework analyzing text, discourse practices, and social context, and Van Dijk's focus on social cognition and power relations at the micro and macro levels.
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American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
Critical language awareness_in_pedagogic_context
This document summarizes a study that investigated developing students' critical language awareness through teaching techniques of critical discourse analysis. The researcher integrated critical analysis activities into their teaching methodology with 18 graduate students. A pre-test and post-test showed that the students' critical thinking abilities increased after learning CDA techniques. Their motivation and ability to analyze the meaning and messages of texts also improved. The study concluded that teaching students CDA led to around 90% increase in their critical language awareness.
A Radical Shift to a Profound and Rigorous Investigation in Political Discour...
Drawing on overarching methodological frameworks of Hallidayan grammatical metaphor, Fairclough’s
perspective on critical discourse analysis and rhetoric, this study attempts to posit a novel, integrated and
practical approach to political, the media, advertisement and other discourses. To this end and based on the
proposed approach, it aims to critically and eclectically exemplify and dissect three speeches delivered by Mr.
Barack Obama, former president of the US, to first manifest the integrated approach practicality and adeptness
through analysis; then by virtue of analysis to unveil how language is manipulated and distorted by orators in
order to convey seamlessly intended messages and political creeds to the audience. Surveying recent annals of
literature, to date no one has conducted an integrated study applying these disciplines in an individual paper and
this study as a trial one can be useful for upcoming research. The analysis depicts practicality and efficiency of
the integrated approach and displays that the speeches abound with nominalizations, modal verbs, parallelisms
and antitheses. Furthermore, there are some three-part listing, the use of passivization, quotations and modality
metaphors. Therefore, a tendency to utilize more nominalizations, parallelism and other devices by the speaker
can be a fundamental reason for making his political language more powerful, impressive, persuasive and
ambiguous as well.
Discourse Analysis ppt
This document provides an overview of discourse analysis including definitions, approaches, and how it relates to other fields. It defines discourse analysis as the study of language use beyond the sentence level, including how language functions in social and cultural contexts. Three main approaches are discussed: speech act theory which examines communicative acts, ethnography of communication which analyzes patterns of communication in cultures, and pragmatics which studies how context informs meaning. The document also explains how discourse analysis relates to other fields like sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and pragmatics through their shared interests but different data sources.
Presentation1
Discourse analysis considers the relationship between language and the context in which it is used by studying both spoken and written interaction beyond the sentence level. Discourse analysis examines how people comprehend and produce communicative acts through pragmatic analysis of naturally occurring language use. The cultural and social characteristics of speakers and audiences also influence communicative competence and cultural ways of speaking. Discourse shapes and is shaped by both language and the medium used, as well as socially situated identities.
Presentation1
Discourse analysis considers the relationship between language and the context in which it is used by examining both spoken and written communication beyond the sentence level. It studies how people comprehend and produce speech acts in concrete situations through a pragmatic analysis. The cultural and social characteristics of speakers and audiences also influence communicative competence and cultural ways of speaking. Discourse shapes and is shaped by language, mediums, social identities, performances, and the differences between spoken versus written language use.
6850021.ppt
Discourse analysis focuses on language use beyond words and sentences. It looks at patterns of language across texts and the relationship between language and its social/cultural context. Discourse analysis considers how language presents different views of the world and identities, and how language use is influenced by relationships between participants and affects social identities. It examines both spoken and written texts.
Discourse analysis
This document discusses discourse analysis and provides definitions and examples. It defines discourse analysis as the study of language in use and how it relates to society, culture, and thought. It is used in several disciplines including linguistics, sociolinguistics, and psycholinguistics. The document also discusses why discourse analysis is studied, such as to better understand how language and good texts work. It notes the diversity of discourse and analysis, which involves language above the sentence level. Finally, it provides definitions of pidgin and creole languages and an example using Jamaican creole.
flowerdew basics
This chapter discusses definitions of discourse and discourse analysis, including "little d" discourse referring to language in context and "big D" discourse as specialized language of social groups. It outlines structural and functional approaches to discourse analysis and describes various disciplines and main approaches. Context and models of communication are examined, including Hymes' 16 contextual features and Halliday's three parameters of context. The development of the concept of communicative competence from Hymes to Canale and Swain to Celce-Murcia is summarized.
Discourse Analysis by Christopher J. Hall et al
This guide for students and practitioners is introduced by Christopher J. Hall, Patrick H. Smith, and Rachel Wicaksono. This presentation talks about discourse analysis and its several definitions including the pervasive relevance of discourse (analysis), linguistic approaches to discourse analysis, social approaches to discourse analysis, and themes in contemporary discourse analysis. This will discuss the nature of discourse analysis in context significant to all PhD Language Studies students around the globe.
Critical discourse analysis and an application
This document provides an overview of critical discourse analysis (CDA) and its approaches. It discusses the key concepts and theorists in the development of CDA, including Norman Fairclough and Teun Van Dijk. The document is divided into two sections. The first section defines CDA and outlines its five common features and differences between approaches. It then describes Fairclough's approach focusing on discourse as social practice and ideology/power, as well as Van Dijk's socio-cognitive model. The second section will apply one of the CDA approaches to analyze Charlotte Bronte's novel Jane Eyre.
Halliday's model of language and discousre
Halliday's model of language and discourse considers function and semantics as the basis of human language and communication. Unlike structural approaches, Systemic Functional Linguistics analyzes social context first and then how language is influenced by and influences that context. A key concept is the "context of situation" which relates the social environment to the functional organization of language.
A Glossary Of Critical Discourse Analysis
This document provides definitions for over 50 key terms used in critical discourse analysis (CDA). It begins with definitions of fundamental CDA concepts like approach, bias, control, critical, ideology, and power. It then defines specific CDA models and frameworks, like Fairclough's socio-cultural approach and van Dijk's socio-cognitive approach. Finally, it outlines linguistic concepts analyzed in CDA, such as transitivity, modality, and lexical choice. The document serves as a comprehensive glossary of technical terms for researchers applying CDA to analyze language, power, and social issues.
CDA.pptx
Fairclough's approach to critical discourse analysis emphasizes that language and discourse play a fundamental role in both reflecting and shaping social structures and power dynamics. He views discourse as more than just language use but as social practice. Fairclough also acknowledges the importance of analyzing discourse in its full social context. His theory examines how different social actors use language to achieve goals and influence public opinion, and how hidden power structures and ideologies can be uncovered through critical analysis of discourse.
Critical Discourse Analysis Of The Speech Of Quaid E-Azam
This document discusses critical discourse analysis (CDA) and its aims and potential social contributions. CDA engages in normative critique and judgment of both discourse and society. It uses an ensemble of techniques to study language use as social and cultural practices. The main goals of CDA are to uncover power relations and ideological assumptions that are expressed through language. CDA aims to reveal how discourse shapes social relations and identities.
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Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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DA and CDA.pptx
- 1. DA AND CDA Discourse Studies
- 2. Discourse Analysis: Language in use and meaning construction: Discourse Analysis is a broad term that refers to the study of language in use, focusing on how language constructs meaning, shapes social interactions, and reflects societal norms and power structures.
- 3. Analyzing Different Text Types: DA can be applied to various types of texts, such as conversations, interviews, written documents, media content, and more. The goal of DA is to understand how language is employed to convey meaning, represent reality, and create identities and social relations.
- 4. Linguistic Features and Social Context: DA can be descriptive or interpretive, and it often involves analyzing linguistic features like vocabulary, grammar, syntax, and conversational patterns. Researchers in this field may explore themes, identify speech acts, examine narrative structures, and investigate the relationships between language and social context.
- 5. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA): Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA): Critical Discourse Analysis is a specific approach within Discourse Analysis that goes beyond the descriptive or interpretive analysis of language. CDA is explicitly concerned with power dynamics, ideology, and how language can be used to legitimize or challenge social inequalities and dominant discourses.
- 6. Application Areas of CDA CDA aims to uncover hidden power structures and ideologies embedded in language use, such as in media representations, political speeches, organizational communications, and other discursive practices. Researchers using CDA often examine how language can perpetuate social injustices, reinforce stereotypes, or manipulate public opinion. They also explore how language can be employed as a tool for resistance, emancipation, and social change.
- 7. Relationship between DA and CDA While Discourse Analysis is a broader field that studies language in use, Critical Discourse Analysis is a more specific and socially oriented approach that investigates the role of language in reflecting and shaping power relations and ideologies. Critical Discourse Analysis is one of the many possible analytical lenses within Discourse Analysis, but not all Discourse Analysis studies are necessarily “critical” in nature.