During the Islamic Golden Age from the 8th to 13th centuries, the Islamic world was a center of scientific breakthroughs, innovations, and inventions. Key contributions included: 1. The development of algebra and geometry by Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, from whose name the terms "algorithm" and "algebra" are derived. 2. Advancements in medicine including over 200 surgical instruments devised by Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi and the discovery of contagion through touch and air. 3. Progress in astronomy such as determining the diameter of Earth and diameters of other planets by Persian astronomer Al-Farghani, and precise calculations of the

2. An Empire Topped The World With Its Scientific Brilliancy,
During This Period Which We Were Taught As Dark Ages .
I Would Say You It Was The Golden Ages And Not The Dark
Ages
The Islamic Golden Age (Ca. 8-
13thcc) Is That Age When The Islamic World Was The Center
Of Scientific Breakthroughs, Innovations, And
Inventions

5. ALGEBRA AND GEOMETRY
The word “algebra” comes from “al jabr” which is
taken from the title of the by “ hisab Al-
jabr wal muqabla” by al-khwarizmi.
book
2 He introduces the concept of algebric
multiplication and division .
3 He describes the rules of computing areas and
volume
1
4 Khwarizmi give both arithmetic and geometric
method to solve these six type of problems .
(ax2 = bx) ; (ax2 = b) ; (ax = b) ; (ax2 + bx = c) ; (ax2 +
c = bx) ; (bx + c = ax2).
4
The word “algorithm” is also derived from his name
Muhammad Bin Musa Al-
Khawarizmi (780-850

6. Developed the trigonometric tables containing
sine function.
5
6 Al- khwarizmi book “Al- jabr wal muqabla” used as
a reference text today also !!!.
A page from the The Compendious
Book on Calculation by Completion
and Balancing .

7. Book of al-khwarizmi.

8. CONTRIBUTON
TO
MEDICINES

10. 1 THE MUSLIM SURGEON NAMED ABU AL- QASIM AL- ZAHRAWI (10TH CENTUARY)
DEVISED OVER 200 INSTRUMENTS; HIS SCALPELS,BONESAW,FORCEPS AND FINE
SCISSORS AMONG OTHERS ARE STILL USED IN THEIR ORIGINAL FORM TODAY.
HE PERFORMED TRACHEOTOMY AND LITHOTOMY AND INTRODUCED THE USE
OF COTTON AND CATGUT IN SURGERY.
SURGERIES UNDER INHALANT ANESTHESIA WITH THE USE OF NARCOTIC-
SOAKED SPONGES WHICH WERE PLACED OVER THE FACE.
2
3
4 THE DISCOVERY THAT EPIDEMICS ARISE
FROM CONTAGION THROUGH TOUCH
AND AIR.

12. ALL THE MODERN TERMS THAT YOUR OPTICIAN USES LIKE
CONJUNTIVA,CORNEA,UVEA AND RETINA ALL COMES FROM
THE GOLDEN AGE BETWEEN 8TH TO 13TH CENTURY
THE GREATEST CONTRIBUTIoN THEY MADE IN
OPTHALMOLOGY WAS DEVELOPING A TREATMENT FOR
CATARACTS AND IS GIVEN BY AL- MAWSILI IN 10TH
CENTURY.
WORK OF AL- MAWSILITreating the patient

13. KITAB FI AL-ADWIYAH AL-
MUFRADAH IS 'THE BOOK OF
SIMPLE DRUGS BY JAFAR AL-
GHAFIQ .
THE MUSLIM AGRICULTURAL
PROCESS DESCRIBES BY AL
DINAWARI.
AL-DINAWARI ADVANCES BOTANY.

14. CONTRIBUTION
TO
ALCHEMY

15. FATHER OF CHEMISTRY.
INVENTED 25+ LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS .
INTRODUCED THE TERM “ALKALI”.
DISCOVERED THE ACIDS LIKE SULPHURIC ACID , HCL , NITRIC ACID.
DISCOVERED ELEMENTS LIKE ARSENIC , ANTIMONY , BISMUTH.

16. CHEMICAL PROCESSES
JABIR FIRST INVENTED THE FOLLOWING CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN THE
8TH
CENTURY:
FILTRATION
LIQUEFACTION
CRYSTALLIZATION (AL-TABALWUR)
EVAPORATION (TABKHIR)
OXIDISATION
PURIFICATION
DISTILLATION

17. CHEMICAL PROCESSES
JABIR HANDBOOK ON HOW TO DISTILL THE NAPTHA (A FLAMABLE
LIQUID)

18. LABORATORY FLASK AND PYCNOMETER BY
ABU RAYHAN AL-BIRUNI
HYDROSTATIC BALANCE AND STEELYARD BY
AL-KHAZINI IN 1121.

20. A PERSIAN
ASTRONOMER
NAMED AL FARGHANA
HE DETERMINED THE
DIAMETER OF EARTH
TO BE 6,500 MILES
AND ALSO
CALCULATED THE
DIAMETERS OF OTHER
PLANET
AL BATTANI A GREAT
SCHOLAR OF THAT
TIME DETERMINE
THE PRECISE SOLAR
YEAR AS BEING 365
DAYS, 5 HOURS ,46
MINUTES, 24
SECONDS.
1 2

21. AT THAT SCIENTISTS DEVELOPED ASTROLABES, WHICH WERE
ASTRONOMICAL AND ANALOGUE COMPUTERS OF THEIR
TIME, ORIGINATING FROM GREEKS. AN ASTROLABE HAD
SPECIAL SIGNIFICANCE TO MUSLIMS DUE TO ITS HELP IN
DETERMINING LOCATION AND THE PRECISE TIMES FOR DAILY
PRAYERS. THE ASTROLABE WAS A TWO-DIMENSIONAL
MODEL OF THE HEAVENS SHOWING HOW THE SKY LOOKED AT
PARTICULAR LOCATION AT A SPECIFIC TIME.
ASTRONOMERS DREW THE SKY ON THE SURFACE OF THE
ASTROLABE AND MARKED IT WITH THE NAMES OF STARS SO
THAT POSITIONS IN THE SKY WERE EASY TO FIND. IN THE
ISLAMIC WORLD, ASTROLABES REMAINED POPULAR UNTIL
THE 1800S.

23. WORKING ON AN ASTROLABE

24. The Concept Of
A Fixed Location With Large And
Fixed Instruments, Scientists, And
Affiliation From The State Were New
Ideas Introduced By Al-mamun. Al-
mamun’s Observatories Prepared
Star Catalogues As Well As Solar
And Lunar Tables, Which Helped In
The Measurement Of Planetary
Positions, Lunar Phases, And
Eclipses.
AL MAMUN
ALSO MADE THE
WORLD MAP
FROM HIS
OBSERVATORIES

25. WORLD MAP OF THE CALIPH AL-MAMUN (813-833)

27. CAMERA TECHNOLOGY
Ibn Al Hytham , “The Father Of Optics
“ And Pioneer Of The Modern
Scientific Method, Invented The
Camera Obscura And Pinhole Camera.
The Word “Camera” Come From The
Arabic Word Qamara For Dark Or
Private Room.
Concept Of Camera Was First Introduce
In Golden Age.
IBN AL HYTHAM

29. AVIATION TECNOLOGY
The Innvention Of Controlled Flight
Was Invented In 887 Ad . 1000th
Year Before Wright Brothers
Abbas Ibn Firnas Was The First To
Make An Attempt At Controlled Flight
. He Manipulated The Flight Controls
Of His Glider Using Two Sets Of
Artificial Wings To Adjust His Altitude
And To Change His Direction .

31. MACHINERIES AND ENGINES
Al-jazari's Invention Of The Crankshaft
(And The Crank Mechanism) Is
Considered The Most Important Single
Mechanical Invention After The Wheel,
As It Transforms Continuous Rotary
Motion Into A Linear Reciprocating
Motion,which Is Central To Much Of The
Machinery In The Modern World,
Including The Internal Combustion
Engine And Steam Engine
Al-jazari Invented A Variety Of Machines
For Raising Water In 1206, As Well As
Water Mills And Water Wheels With
Cams On Their Axle Used To Operate
Automata In The 12th Century.

32. Al Jazari Water Elephant Clock

33. ALJAZARI WATER ELEPHANT CLOCK

34. Al Jazari Irregation Water Pump Double Cylinder Reciprocating Pump
SOME OTHER INNVENTIONS

35. WAR MACHINES

36. NAME Md . Yasir Bashir
SUBMITTED TO Akbar Joseph Sir