The document presents a study that aims to detect dyslexia from eye movement signals using feature extraction and classification methods. Eye movement signals were recorded from 76 children using video-oculography during reading and non-reading tasks. The Best Basis-based Wavelet Packet Entropy (BBWPE) method was used to extract features from the signals. An improved Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) classifier optimized with Particle Swarm Optimization was used to classify the signals as dyslexic or non-dyslexic. The study found that the proposed ANFIS with BBWPE feature extraction model achieved better detection results than other models in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.
Correlation of learning disabilities to porn addiction based on EEGjournalBEEI
Researchers were able to correlate porn addiction based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signal analysis to the psychological instruments’ findings. In this paper we attempt to correlate the porn addiction to various cases of learning disorders through analyzing EEG signals. Since porn addiction involved the brainwave power at the frontal of the brain, which reflects the executive functions, this may have correlation to learning disorder. Only three types of learning disorder will be of interest in our study involving dyslexic, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autistic children because they involved reduced intellectual ability observed from the lack of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical proficiencies. Children with such disorder when expose to the internet unfiltered porn contents may have minimal understanding of the negative effects of the contents. Such unmonitored exposure to pornographic contents may result to porn addiction because it may trigger excitement and induced pleasure. Experimental results show strong correlation of learning disorders to porn addiction, which can be worthwhile for further analysis. In addition, this paper also indicates that analyzing brainwave patterns could provide a better insight into predicting and detecting children with learning disorders and addiction with direct analysis of the brain wave patterns.
Nero-IR is a novel area of research under cognitive psychology, neuro-physiological methods (eye tracking, EEG, EOG, and GSR) and machine learning to understand information searchers and to improve search experience. Neuro-IR is useful in investigating the search as a learning process and to employ these sensory data as assessment of reading, mind-wandering and in inferring metadata features for machine learning models. In this talk, I will introduce a unification framework for neuro-physiological data; practically these models provide context for user interactions. I will show how we can take advantage of many existing interactions combining various sensory platforms (e.g., PupilLabs, Emotiv, Empatica E4). Information fusion can provide numerous benefits in combining multiple-sources of neuro-physiological data. The most obvious among them is the expected performance gain due to combination of evidence from multiple cues. As a practical matter, acquisition of physiological metadata is a research frontier.
Augmenting Speech-Language Rehabilitation with Brain Computer Interfaces: An ...HCI Lab
Presentation on Aug 7, 2015 in the 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction #HCII2015 in Los Angeles, CA, USA. The paper was presented in the Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction track in the "Novel technologies for speech, language, attention and child development" session which was chaired by Prof. Margherita Antona, Foundation for Research & Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Greece http://2015.hci.international/friday
STUDY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ADVANCED NEUROERGONOMIC TECHNIQUES acijjournal
Research in the area of neuroergonomics has blossomed in recent years with the emergence of noninvasive techniques for monitoring human brain function that can be used to study various aspects of human behavior in relation to technology and work, including mental workload, visual attention, working memory, motor control, human-automation interaction, and adaptive automation. Consequently, this interdisciplinary field is concerned with investigations of the neural bases of human perception, cognition, and performance in relation to systems and technologies in the real world -- for example, in
the use of computers and various other machines at home or in the workplace, and in operating vehicles such as aircraft, cars, trains, and ships. We will look at recent trends in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), with a special focus on the questions that have been addressed. This focus is
particularly important for functional neuroimaging, whose contributions will be measured by the depth of the questions asked. The ever-increasing understanding of the brain and behavior at work in the real world, the development of theoretical underpinnings, and the relentless spread of facilitative technology in the West and abroad are inexorably broadening the substrates for this interdisciplinary area of
research and practice. Neuroergonomics blends neuroscience and ergonomics to the mutual benefit of both fields, and extends the study of brain structure and function beyond the contrived laboratory settings often used in neuropsychological, psychophysical, cognitive science, and other neurosciencerelated fields. Neuroergonomics is providing rich observations of the brain and behavior at work, at home, in
transportation, and in other everyday environments in human operators who see, hear, feel, attend, remember, decide, plan, act, move, or manipulate objects among other people and technology in diverse, real-world settings. The neuroergonomics approach is allowing researchers to ask different questions
and develop new explanatory frameworks about humans at work in the real world and in relation to modern automated systems and machines, drawing from principles of neuropsychology, psychophysics, neurophysiology, and anatomy at neuronal and systems levels. The neuroergonomics approach allows researchers to ask different questions and develop new explanatory frameworks about humans at work in
the real world and in relation to modern automated systems and machines. Better understanding of brain function can, for example, provide important guidelines and constraints for theories of information presentation and task design, optimization of alerting and warning signals, development of neural prostheses, and the design of robots. As an interdisciplinary endeavor, neuroergonomics will continue to
benefit from and grow alongside developments in neuroscience, psychology,
Correlation of learning disabilities to porn addiction based on EEGjournalBEEI
Researchers were able to correlate porn addiction based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signal analysis to the psychological instruments’ findings. In this paper we attempt to correlate the porn addiction to various cases of learning disorders through analyzing EEG signals. Since porn addiction involved the brainwave power at the frontal of the brain, which reflects the executive functions, this may have correlation to learning disorder. Only three types of learning disorder will be of interest in our study involving dyslexic, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autistic children because they involved reduced intellectual ability observed from the lack of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical proficiencies. Children with such disorder when expose to the internet unfiltered porn contents may have minimal understanding of the negative effects of the contents. Such unmonitored exposure to pornographic contents may result to porn addiction because it may trigger excitement and induced pleasure. Experimental results show strong correlation of learning disorders to porn addiction, which can be worthwhile for further analysis. In addition, this paper also indicates that analyzing brainwave patterns could provide a better insight into predicting and detecting children with learning disorders and addiction with direct analysis of the brain wave patterns.
Nero-IR is a novel area of research under cognitive psychology, neuro-physiological methods (eye tracking, EEG, EOG, and GSR) and machine learning to understand information searchers and to improve search experience. Neuro-IR is useful in investigating the search as a learning process and to employ these sensory data as assessment of reading, mind-wandering and in inferring metadata features for machine learning models. In this talk, I will introduce a unification framework for neuro-physiological data; practically these models provide context for user interactions. I will show how we can take advantage of many existing interactions combining various sensory platforms (e.g., PupilLabs, Emotiv, Empatica E4). Information fusion can provide numerous benefits in combining multiple-sources of neuro-physiological data. The most obvious among them is the expected performance gain due to combination of evidence from multiple cues. As a practical matter, acquisition of physiological metadata is a research frontier.
Augmenting Speech-Language Rehabilitation with Brain Computer Interfaces: An ...HCI Lab
Presentation on Aug 7, 2015 in the 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction #HCII2015 in Los Angeles, CA, USA. The paper was presented in the Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction track in the "Novel technologies for speech, language, attention and child development" session which was chaired by Prof. Margherita Antona, Foundation for Research & Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Greece http://2015.hci.international/friday
STUDY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ADVANCED NEUROERGONOMIC TECHNIQUES acijjournal
Research in the area of neuroergonomics has blossomed in recent years with the emergence of noninvasive techniques for monitoring human brain function that can be used to study various aspects of human behavior in relation to technology and work, including mental workload, visual attention, working memory, motor control, human-automation interaction, and adaptive automation. Consequently, this interdisciplinary field is concerned with investigations of the neural bases of human perception, cognition, and performance in relation to systems and technologies in the real world -- for example, in
the use of computers and various other machines at home or in the workplace, and in operating vehicles such as aircraft, cars, trains, and ships. We will look at recent trends in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), with a special focus on the questions that have been addressed. This focus is
particularly important for functional neuroimaging, whose contributions will be measured by the depth of the questions asked. The ever-increasing understanding of the brain and behavior at work in the real world, the development of theoretical underpinnings, and the relentless spread of facilitative technology in the West and abroad are inexorably broadening the substrates for this interdisciplinary area of
research and practice. Neuroergonomics blends neuroscience and ergonomics to the mutual benefit of both fields, and extends the study of brain structure and function beyond the contrived laboratory settings often used in neuropsychological, psychophysical, cognitive science, and other neurosciencerelated fields. Neuroergonomics is providing rich observations of the brain and behavior at work, at home, in
transportation, and in other everyday environments in human operators who see, hear, feel, attend, remember, decide, plan, act, move, or manipulate objects among other people and technology in diverse, real-world settings. The neuroergonomics approach is allowing researchers to ask different questions
and develop new explanatory frameworks about humans at work in the real world and in relation to modern automated systems and machines, drawing from principles of neuropsychology, psychophysics, neurophysiology, and anatomy at neuronal and systems levels. The neuroergonomics approach allows researchers to ask different questions and develop new explanatory frameworks about humans at work in
the real world and in relation to modern automated systems and machines. Better understanding of brain function can, for example, provide important guidelines and constraints for theories of information presentation and task design, optimization of alerting and warning signals, development of neural prostheses, and the design of robots. As an interdisciplinary endeavor, neuroergonomics will continue to
benefit from and grow alongside developments in neuroscience, psychology,
The Effect of Carry-over Coarticulation of Disyllabic words in Chineseinventy
In this study, the V-to-V coarticulatory effect in the VCV sequences is investigated. The stimuli are in the form of C1V1.C2V2, which is designed for V1 to affect V2. The subjects are twelve native speakers of standard Chinese, and the F2 onset value, as well as the F2 delta value, is analyzed. Results show that, due to long temporal separation between vowels for the aspirated stops relative to the unaspirated ones, the effect of aspiration is obvious, and in the contexts of aspirated stops, the effect of place of articulation is restrained.
Chemical Composition And Acridicid Properties Of The Moroccan Tanacetum Annuu...inventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Area Efficient Reconfigurable Fast Filter Bank for Multi-Standard Wireless R...inventy
Research Inventy provides an outlet for research findings and reviews in areas of Engineering, Computer Science found to be relevant for national and international development, Research Inventy is an open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide research and applications related to Engineering. In its publications, to stimulate new research ideas and foster practical application from the research findings. The journal publishes original research of such high quality as to attract contributions from the relevant local and international communities.
Reduce the False Positive and False Negative from Real Traffic with Intrusion...inventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Improvement of Weld Images using MATLAB –A Reviewinventy
Research Inventy provides an outlet for research findings and reviews in areas of Engineering, Computer Science found to be relevant for national and international development, Research Inventy is an open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide research and applications related to Engineering. In its publications, to stimulate new research ideas and foster practical application from the research findings. The journal publishes original research of such high quality as to attract contributions from the relevant local and international communities.
Synthesis and analysis of electrical properties of Lead free Ba3Sr2LaTi3V7O30...inventy
Materials of tungsten-bronze (TB) structure belong to an important family of dielectric materials which are well known for their applications in various electrical devices, such as transducers, actuators, capacitors, and ferroelectric random access memory. The TB structure consists of a framework of distorted BO6 octahedral sharing corners in such a way that three different types of interstices (A, B and C) are available for a wide variety of cations occupying in a general formula (A1)2(A2)4(C)4(B1)2(B2)8O30. Our present work deals with the studies of preparation and characterization of the physical properties of a novel single-phase polycrystalline lead-free vanadate having Tungsten Bronze Structure with compound formula Ba3Sr2LaTi3V7O30.The X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the formation of single-phase compound with orthorhombic structure. The effect of temperature (32- 5000C) and frequency (102–106 Hz) on structural and electrical properties were studied using an impedance analyzer. Detailed studies of impedance parameters provide a better understanding of the electrical properties and type of relaxation processes in the material. The bulk resistance is observed to be decreased with rise in temperature showing a typical negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) behavior.
Effects of electric field on histopathological study, electrical properties a...inventy
The present work was undertaken in order to investigate the effects of electric field (EF) of strength 50Hz-3KV/m on the histopathology, dielectric properties and liver function tests in albino rats. Fifty male albino rats were equally divided into three groups namely A, B, and C. Animals of group A used as control group which didn't receive any treatment . Animals of group B was divided into two subgroups namely B1 and B2 which were discretely exposed to 50HZ, 3KV/m electric field for a period of 15 day (8 hours/day, 5day/week). Group B2 animals were left to survive and housed at normal environmental conditions similar to control group A for a period of 15 day post exposed. Animals of group C are divided into two subgroups namely C1 and C2 were discretely exposed to the electric field for a period of 30 day (8 hours/day, 5day/week). Group C2 animals were left to survive and housed at normal environmental conditions similar to control group A for a period of 15 day post exposed. At the end of this period, blood and tissues samples were collected from all groups for experimental investigations. The dielectric constant (έ), electrical conductivity (σ) was measured in frequency range 42Hz-5MHz to investigate any changes in liver structure through studding histopathological examination. Also, the liver function was studied through analysis of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvie transaminase (GPT) and total protein (TP) after exposure to electric field this biochemical parameters have been evaluated in the blood serum of rats. The obtained results show high significant changes in the value of έ and σ of liver tissues for all groups exposed to EF as compared with control group. The levels of GOT and GPT were increased up to four times their values during the period of exposure to EF. These variations were recovered during two week after stopping exposure but they did not return to its original control values before exposure. On microscopic level; liver histological observations in liver cells which revealed some alterations including hepatic tissue with two portal tracts showing mild florous expansion and a dilated central vein, also ghosts of hepatocytes denoting necrotic changes also shows hepatic tissue with dilated central veins engorged with blood and splitting out to adjacent hepatocytes.
Experimental Investigation of a Helical Coil Heat Exchangerinventy
Helical coil heat exchangers are one of the most common equipment found in many industrial applications. Helical coil heat exchanger is one of the devices which are used for the recovery system. The helical coil heat exchangers can be made in the form of a shell and tube heat exchangers and can be used for industrial applications such as power generation, nuclear industry, process plants, heat recovery systems, refrigeration, food industry etc. In our work we had designed, fabricated and experimentally analysed a helical coil heat exchanger and a straight tube heat exchanger. From the observations and calculations, the results of the helical coil heat exchanger and straight tube heat exchanger are obtained and are compared. From our obtained results, the helical coil heat exchanger showed increase in the heat transfer rate, effectiveness and overall heat transfer coefficient over the straight tube heat exchanger on all mass flow rates and operating conditions. The centrifugal force due to the curvature of the tube results in the secondary flow development which enhances the heat transfer rate. Comparative study shows that helical coil heat exchanger is having better performance that straight tube heat exchanger.
-type and -type four dimensional plane wave solutions of Einstein's field eq...inventy
In the present paper, we have studied - type and -type plane wave solutions of Einstein's field equations in general theory of relativity in the case where the zero mass scalar field coupled with gravitational field and zero mass scalar field coupled with gravitational & electromagnetic field and established the existence of these two types of plane wave solutions in . Furthermore we have considered the case of massive scalar field and shown that the non-existence of these two types of plane wave solutions in GR theory.
The concept of teaching is the fundamental study of student's cognitive action. In this paper a Trapezoidal Fuzzy Assessment model (TFAM) is developed for teaching assessment. The TFAM is a new variation of a special form, which is used in Fuzzy mathematics centre of gravity(COG) defuzzification technique. The TFAM's new idea is the replacement of the rectangles appearing in the graph of the COG method by isosceles trapezoids sharing common parts, thus covering the ambiguous cases of teachers' scores being at the limits between two successive grades (e.g between A and B). A classroom application is also presented in which the outcomes of the COG and TFAM methods are compared with those of other traditional assessment methods (calculation of means and GPA index) and explanations are provided for the differences appeared among these outcomes .
Communication Skill - a Tool for Rural Women's Empowermentinventy
Background: India is rich in women-power resources. The rural female population is as big as 360 millions but only 31% of them are working population. The rural women, particularly poor, are not exposed themselves though they have talent because they have dearth of communicating skills. Today‟s world is a globalized and technologically progressed world. So the communication skills are today‟s need. Method and Materials: The present study was undertaken to assess the communication skills of rural adolescents young women of nine centers across the country: Dharwad, Hisar, Hydrabad, Ludhiana, Palampur, Panthnagar, Parbhani, Udaipur and Jorhat with a sample of 1,183 young women of age group 15-18+ years. Communication skill scale developed by AICRP(CD) Hyderabad centre was used to assess the communication pattern at home, neighborhood and with authority. The tool was translated to regional language and administered to the adolescents young women in the Balika Kendra / Anganwadi. Educational package was used for intervention which consists of exercises and games for providing inter personal communication to facilitate cooperation and collaboration, to build on ideas by accepting other‟s ideas, awareness and assessment of problem issues prevailing in the immediate surrounding, community issues and larger issues in the country. The content of the packages were presented as films, discussions, interactions, exercises. The results of intervention was assessed through skill index. The educational intervention was provided to rural young women for a period of 18 months with three post-testing with an interval of six months between two testings. Findings: Significant difference between two post-tests was observed which revealed that the intervention was effective in enhancing the communication skills of rural women. It was observed that majority (53.6%) were in low, followed by high (25%) and medium (21.2%) category of communication ability. Due to intervention, A least percentage (21.4%) were in low category and highest (43.4%) were in high category of communication skill. Imparting of communication skills through training to the adolescents women would help them to express their views and needs have better access to community resources, banks and be self-reliant.
COSA and CSA based 32 -bit unsigned multiplerinventy
In this paper, design of two different arraymultipliers are presented, one by using conditional sum (COSA) logic for addition of partial product terms and another by introducing Carry Save Adder (CSA) in partial product lines. The multipliers presented in this paper were all modeled using VHDL (Very High Speed Integration Hardware Description Language) for 32-bit unsigned data. The comparison is done on the basis of three performanceparameters i.e. Area, Speed and Power consumption. To design an efficient integrated circuit in terms of area, power and speed, has become a challenging task in modern VLSI design field. Previously in the literature, performance analysis was carried out between multiplier using Ripple carry adder (RCA) and by using CLA. In this work, same multiplier is designed by using CSA logic and compare it's performance with the multiplier designed by using CSLA logic. Multiplier with CSA gives better result in terms of speed (78.3% improvement), area (reduced by 4.2%) and power consumption (decreased by 1.4%).
A Dualistic Sub-Image Histogram Equalization Based Enhancement and Segmentati...inventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Rainwater Harvesting Technologies in Makueni County, Kenyainventy
Rainwater harvesting has been in existence for many years and has positively impacted life, agriculture and economy. Despite these known benefits of rainwater harvesting, Makueni County's population is slowly adopting rainwater harvesting technologies. Water scarcity still remains a major constraint to life and economic development in the County. The aim of this paper is to evaluate rainwater harvesting technologies and the factors contributing to adoption of the technologies in the ASAL areas with Makueni County being the case study. The study was conducted in Wanzauni and Itetani locations in Tulimani division, Mbooni West district, Makueni County within Kenya's Eastern Region which lies within the arid and semi arid ecological zones of Kenya. A total of 160 household questionnaires were administered, focus group discussions and key informants interviews done during data collection exercise. The data was analyzed using Statistical package for social scientists (SPSS). Various rainwater harvesting technologies (RWHTs) are used within Makueni County including macro-catchment (earth dams, sand/sub-surface dams), micro-catchment (Zai pits, strip catchment, tillage, contour and semi-circular bunds) and rooftop rainwater harvesting technologies with rooftop catchment being the most commonly used technique. However, adoption of these RWHTs in Makueni County is slow irrespective of their potential to improve livelihoods. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to predict factors affecting adoption of RWHTs within 160 households in Makueni County. Some of the factors found to have statistically-significant positive effect on the adoption of RWHT are gender, literacy levels, social and economic status and technological know-how on RWHT. Ways of promoting the adoption of RWHTs such as capacity building and training, poverty alleviation through enhancement of income generation activities, enhanced formation of community groups aimed at water development activities, and improved designs incorporating mechanized technologies in favour of women and children, are recommended.
Design of CPW-fed Capacitive Coupled Patch Antenna for WiGig Applicationsinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Some Natural Herbs in India and Their Effectiveness in Water Purificationinventy
In Ayurveda from ancient time Ocimum Sanctum, AzardirachtaIndica, TriticumAestivum, PhyllanthusEmblica, StrychnosPotatorum etc. natural herbs areproved tobe very useful medicines. Inthe present study effectiveness of these herbs in water purification because of their antibacterial activity is studied.Leaves and fruits of these herbs were dried, extracted and activity was tested by Disc Diffusion Method (Kirby-Bauer Method). In all these herbs maximum removal of E.coli was found at maximum 1% onwards.From the percentage removal of E.coli Ocimum Sanctum was found most effective. 82.15% removal of E.coli was observed for 1% and onward concentration of Ocimum Sanctum
Control of metabolic activities of E.coli and S. aureus bacteria by Electric ...inventy
Low electric currents generated using conductive electrodes have been used to increase the efficacy of antibiotics against bacterial biofilms, a phenomenon termed “the bioelectric effect” that formed metal ions and free radicals which can inhibit the growth of planktonic Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and Escherichia Coli (E.Coli) the effect is amplitude and frequency dependent, the aim of present study to define the parameters that are most effective against bacterial growth also to investigate the comparative study through inactivation of metabolic activities, growth rate, morphology, bacterial conductivity and antibiotic sensitivity between gram negative E.Coli and gram positive S.aureus bacteria by extremely low frequency electric field (ELF-EF). In this work, the frequency of electric impulses that interfere with the bioelectric signals generated during E.Coli and S.aureus cellular division is investigated in order to compare cell viability, number of colony forming units (CFU) and growth rate (optical density at 600nm) bacterial conductivity and antibiotic susceptibility. Also morphological cellular structure was investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results revealed that a highly significant inhibition effect occurred when S.aureus and E.Coli was exposed to resonance of 0.8, 0.5 Hz square amplitude modulated waves (QAMW) respectively for 2hours exposure .Moreover, exposed cells became more sensitive to the tested antibiotics compared to control. Significant ultra-structural changes occurred as observed by TEM which indicated morphological changes. It will be concluded that, the use of 0.8, 0.5 Hz QAMW in controlling the biological activity of S.aureus and E.coli respectively seems to be a new and promising medical activity.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Effects of Language of the Catchment Area in Learning Kiswahiliinventy
Kiswahili one of the compulsory subjects that is nationally examined but there has been complaints about poor performance in schools. This paper is a report of a study carried out in 2012 in Kapseret Division of Uasin Gishu County. The study assessed the effects of the language of the catchment area in learning Kiswahili. The study was guided by sociocultural theory (SCT) and was descriptive in nature. Simple random sampling was used to select 15 out of 50 schools in Kapseret Division, it was also used to select 20 %(750) of standard six pupils from each of the selected schools. Purposive sampling was used to select 30 upper primary Kiswahili teachers; one class six Kiswahili teacher and a Kiswahili panel head from the selected schools. Data was collected using questionnaires, observation checklists. It was analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques such as percentages and frequencies. The investigation found out Nandi was the language of the catchment area but Kiswahili was used in communication because of different ethnic communities. Kiswahili be used in schools, parents be sensitized to have a positive attitude towards Kiswahili hence changing the learners attitude.
Machine learning and deep learning performance in classifying dyslexic child...IJECEIAES
Dyslexia is a form of learning disability that causes a child to have difficulties in writing alphabets, reading words, and doing mathematics. Early identification of dyslexia is important to provide early intervention to improve learning disabilities. This study was carried out to differentiate EEG signals of poor dyslexic, capable dyslexic, and normal children during writing using machine learning and deep learning. three machine learning algorithms were studied: k-nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), and extreme learning machine (ELM) with input features from coefficients of beta and theta band power extracted using discrete wavelet transform (DWT). As for the deep learning (DL) algorithm, long short-term memory (LSTM) architecture was employed. The kernel parameters of the classifiers were optimized to achieve high classification accuracy. Results showed that db8 achieved the greatest classification accuracy for all classifiers. Support vector machine with radial basis function kernel yields the highest accuracy which is 88% than other classifiers. The support vector machine with radial basis function kernel with db8 could be employed in determining the dyslexic children’s levels objectively during writing.
Eye gaze performance for children with severe physical impairm.docxlmelaine
Eye gaze performance for children with severe physical impairments using
gaze-based assistive technology—A longitudinal study
Maria Borgestig, PhDa,b, Jan Sandqvist, PhDa, Richard Parsons, PhDc, Torbjörn Falkmer, OT, MD/PhD, Profc,d,e,
and Helena Hemmingsson, Reg OT, PhDa
aDepartment of Social and Welfare Studies, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; bFolke Bernadotte Regional Habilitation Centre and
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; cSchool of Occupational Therapy & Social Work, Curtin
University, Perth, Australia; dSchool of Occupational Therapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; eRehabilitation Medicine, Department of
Medicine and Health Sciences (IMH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University & Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, UHL, County Council,
Linköping, Sweden
ABSTRACT
Gaze-based assistive technology (gaze-based AT) has the potential to provide children affected by
severe physical impairments with opportunities for communication and activities. This study aimed to
examine changes in eye gaze performance over time (time on task and accuracy) in children with severe
physical impairments, without speaking ability, using gaze-based AT. A longitudinal study with a before
and after design was conducted on 10 children (aged 1–15 years) with severe physical impairments, who
were beginners to gaze-based AT at baseline. Thereafter, all children used the gaze-based AT in daily
activities over the course of the study. Compass computer software was used to measure time on task
and accuracy with eye selection of targets on screen, and tests were performed with the children at
baseline, after 5 months, 9–11 months, and after 15–20 months. Findings showed that the children
improved in time on task after 5 months and became more accurate in selecting targets after
15–20 months. This study indicates that these children with severe physical impairments, who were
unable to speak, could improve in eye gaze performance. However, the children needed time to practice
on a long-term basis to acquire skills needed to develop fast and accurate eye gaze performance.
ARTICLE HISTORY
Accepted 4 September 2015
KEYWORDS
assistive devices; computer
access; physical disability
Introduction
Some children with severe physical impairments also lack the
ability to speak. They are commonly diagnosed as having cerebral
palsy (Cans, 2000), and the severe motor impairment is often
associated with concomitant cognitive impairment and limited
performance in everyday activities (Kantak, Sullivan, & Burtner,
2008; Rosenbaum et al., 2007). These children do not have control
over their body movements and are therefore dependent on
assistance in all activities, including communication, eating, and
playing (Cans, 2000; Østensjø, Carlberg, & Vøllestad, 2005). Eye
movements may be the only movements they can control volun-
tarily. For that reason, assistive technology (AT) based on a
computer controlled by their ...
The Effect of Carry-over Coarticulation of Disyllabic words in Chineseinventy
In this study, the V-to-V coarticulatory effect in the VCV sequences is investigated. The stimuli are in the form of C1V1.C2V2, which is designed for V1 to affect V2. The subjects are twelve native speakers of standard Chinese, and the F2 onset value, as well as the F2 delta value, is analyzed. Results show that, due to long temporal separation between vowels for the aspirated stops relative to the unaspirated ones, the effect of aspiration is obvious, and in the contexts of aspirated stops, the effect of place of articulation is restrained.
Chemical Composition And Acridicid Properties Of The Moroccan Tanacetum Annuu...inventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Area Efficient Reconfigurable Fast Filter Bank for Multi-Standard Wireless R...inventy
Research Inventy provides an outlet for research findings and reviews in areas of Engineering, Computer Science found to be relevant for national and international development, Research Inventy is an open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide research and applications related to Engineering. In its publications, to stimulate new research ideas and foster practical application from the research findings. The journal publishes original research of such high quality as to attract contributions from the relevant local and international communities.
Reduce the False Positive and False Negative from Real Traffic with Intrusion...inventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Improvement of Weld Images using MATLAB –A Reviewinventy
Research Inventy provides an outlet for research findings and reviews in areas of Engineering, Computer Science found to be relevant for national and international development, Research Inventy is an open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide research and applications related to Engineering. In its publications, to stimulate new research ideas and foster practical application from the research findings. The journal publishes original research of such high quality as to attract contributions from the relevant local and international communities.
Synthesis and analysis of electrical properties of Lead free Ba3Sr2LaTi3V7O30...inventy
Materials of tungsten-bronze (TB) structure belong to an important family of dielectric materials which are well known for their applications in various electrical devices, such as transducers, actuators, capacitors, and ferroelectric random access memory. The TB structure consists of a framework of distorted BO6 octahedral sharing corners in such a way that three different types of interstices (A, B and C) are available for a wide variety of cations occupying in a general formula (A1)2(A2)4(C)4(B1)2(B2)8O30. Our present work deals with the studies of preparation and characterization of the physical properties of a novel single-phase polycrystalline lead-free vanadate having Tungsten Bronze Structure with compound formula Ba3Sr2LaTi3V7O30.The X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the formation of single-phase compound with orthorhombic structure. The effect of temperature (32- 5000C) and frequency (102–106 Hz) on structural and electrical properties were studied using an impedance analyzer. Detailed studies of impedance parameters provide a better understanding of the electrical properties and type of relaxation processes in the material. The bulk resistance is observed to be decreased with rise in temperature showing a typical negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) behavior.
Effects of electric field on histopathological study, electrical properties a...inventy
The present work was undertaken in order to investigate the effects of electric field (EF) of strength 50Hz-3KV/m on the histopathology, dielectric properties and liver function tests in albino rats. Fifty male albino rats were equally divided into three groups namely A, B, and C. Animals of group A used as control group which didn't receive any treatment . Animals of group B was divided into two subgroups namely B1 and B2 which were discretely exposed to 50HZ, 3KV/m electric field for a period of 15 day (8 hours/day, 5day/week). Group B2 animals were left to survive and housed at normal environmental conditions similar to control group A for a period of 15 day post exposed. Animals of group C are divided into two subgroups namely C1 and C2 were discretely exposed to the electric field for a period of 30 day (8 hours/day, 5day/week). Group C2 animals were left to survive and housed at normal environmental conditions similar to control group A for a period of 15 day post exposed. At the end of this period, blood and tissues samples were collected from all groups for experimental investigations. The dielectric constant (έ), electrical conductivity (σ) was measured in frequency range 42Hz-5MHz to investigate any changes in liver structure through studding histopathological examination. Also, the liver function was studied through analysis of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvie transaminase (GPT) and total protein (TP) after exposure to electric field this biochemical parameters have been evaluated in the blood serum of rats. The obtained results show high significant changes in the value of έ and σ of liver tissues for all groups exposed to EF as compared with control group. The levels of GOT and GPT were increased up to four times their values during the period of exposure to EF. These variations were recovered during two week after stopping exposure but they did not return to its original control values before exposure. On microscopic level; liver histological observations in liver cells which revealed some alterations including hepatic tissue with two portal tracts showing mild florous expansion and a dilated central vein, also ghosts of hepatocytes denoting necrotic changes also shows hepatic tissue with dilated central veins engorged with blood and splitting out to adjacent hepatocytes.
Experimental Investigation of a Helical Coil Heat Exchangerinventy
Helical coil heat exchangers are one of the most common equipment found in many industrial applications. Helical coil heat exchanger is one of the devices which are used for the recovery system. The helical coil heat exchangers can be made in the form of a shell and tube heat exchangers and can be used for industrial applications such as power generation, nuclear industry, process plants, heat recovery systems, refrigeration, food industry etc. In our work we had designed, fabricated and experimentally analysed a helical coil heat exchanger and a straight tube heat exchanger. From the observations and calculations, the results of the helical coil heat exchanger and straight tube heat exchanger are obtained and are compared. From our obtained results, the helical coil heat exchanger showed increase in the heat transfer rate, effectiveness and overall heat transfer coefficient over the straight tube heat exchanger on all mass flow rates and operating conditions. The centrifugal force due to the curvature of the tube results in the secondary flow development which enhances the heat transfer rate. Comparative study shows that helical coil heat exchanger is having better performance that straight tube heat exchanger.
-type and -type four dimensional plane wave solutions of Einstein's field eq...inventy
In the present paper, we have studied - type and -type plane wave solutions of Einstein's field equations in general theory of relativity in the case where the zero mass scalar field coupled with gravitational field and zero mass scalar field coupled with gravitational & electromagnetic field and established the existence of these two types of plane wave solutions in . Furthermore we have considered the case of massive scalar field and shown that the non-existence of these two types of plane wave solutions in GR theory.
The concept of teaching is the fundamental study of student's cognitive action. In this paper a Trapezoidal Fuzzy Assessment model (TFAM) is developed for teaching assessment. The TFAM is a new variation of a special form, which is used in Fuzzy mathematics centre of gravity(COG) defuzzification technique. The TFAM's new idea is the replacement of the rectangles appearing in the graph of the COG method by isosceles trapezoids sharing common parts, thus covering the ambiguous cases of teachers' scores being at the limits between two successive grades (e.g between A and B). A classroom application is also presented in which the outcomes of the COG and TFAM methods are compared with those of other traditional assessment methods (calculation of means and GPA index) and explanations are provided for the differences appeared among these outcomes .
Communication Skill - a Tool for Rural Women's Empowermentinventy
Background: India is rich in women-power resources. The rural female population is as big as 360 millions but only 31% of them are working population. The rural women, particularly poor, are not exposed themselves though they have talent because they have dearth of communicating skills. Today‟s world is a globalized and technologically progressed world. So the communication skills are today‟s need. Method and Materials: The present study was undertaken to assess the communication skills of rural adolescents young women of nine centers across the country: Dharwad, Hisar, Hydrabad, Ludhiana, Palampur, Panthnagar, Parbhani, Udaipur and Jorhat with a sample of 1,183 young women of age group 15-18+ years. Communication skill scale developed by AICRP(CD) Hyderabad centre was used to assess the communication pattern at home, neighborhood and with authority. The tool was translated to regional language and administered to the adolescents young women in the Balika Kendra / Anganwadi. Educational package was used for intervention which consists of exercises and games for providing inter personal communication to facilitate cooperation and collaboration, to build on ideas by accepting other‟s ideas, awareness and assessment of problem issues prevailing in the immediate surrounding, community issues and larger issues in the country. The content of the packages were presented as films, discussions, interactions, exercises. The results of intervention was assessed through skill index. The educational intervention was provided to rural young women for a period of 18 months with three post-testing with an interval of six months between two testings. Findings: Significant difference between two post-tests was observed which revealed that the intervention was effective in enhancing the communication skills of rural women. It was observed that majority (53.6%) were in low, followed by high (25%) and medium (21.2%) category of communication ability. Due to intervention, A least percentage (21.4%) were in low category and highest (43.4%) were in high category of communication skill. Imparting of communication skills through training to the adolescents women would help them to express their views and needs have better access to community resources, banks and be self-reliant.
COSA and CSA based 32 -bit unsigned multiplerinventy
In this paper, design of two different arraymultipliers are presented, one by using conditional sum (COSA) logic for addition of partial product terms and another by introducing Carry Save Adder (CSA) in partial product lines. The multipliers presented in this paper were all modeled using VHDL (Very High Speed Integration Hardware Description Language) for 32-bit unsigned data. The comparison is done on the basis of three performanceparameters i.e. Area, Speed and Power consumption. To design an efficient integrated circuit in terms of area, power and speed, has become a challenging task in modern VLSI design field. Previously in the literature, performance analysis was carried out between multiplier using Ripple carry adder (RCA) and by using CLA. In this work, same multiplier is designed by using CSA logic and compare it's performance with the multiplier designed by using CSLA logic. Multiplier with CSA gives better result in terms of speed (78.3% improvement), area (reduced by 4.2%) and power consumption (decreased by 1.4%).
A Dualistic Sub-Image Histogram Equalization Based Enhancement and Segmentati...inventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Rainwater Harvesting Technologies in Makueni County, Kenyainventy
Rainwater harvesting has been in existence for many years and has positively impacted life, agriculture and economy. Despite these known benefits of rainwater harvesting, Makueni County's population is slowly adopting rainwater harvesting technologies. Water scarcity still remains a major constraint to life and economic development in the County. The aim of this paper is to evaluate rainwater harvesting technologies and the factors contributing to adoption of the technologies in the ASAL areas with Makueni County being the case study. The study was conducted in Wanzauni and Itetani locations in Tulimani division, Mbooni West district, Makueni County within Kenya's Eastern Region which lies within the arid and semi arid ecological zones of Kenya. A total of 160 household questionnaires were administered, focus group discussions and key informants interviews done during data collection exercise. The data was analyzed using Statistical package for social scientists (SPSS). Various rainwater harvesting technologies (RWHTs) are used within Makueni County including macro-catchment (earth dams, sand/sub-surface dams), micro-catchment (Zai pits, strip catchment, tillage, contour and semi-circular bunds) and rooftop rainwater harvesting technologies with rooftop catchment being the most commonly used technique. However, adoption of these RWHTs in Makueni County is slow irrespective of their potential to improve livelihoods. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to predict factors affecting adoption of RWHTs within 160 households in Makueni County. Some of the factors found to have statistically-significant positive effect on the adoption of RWHT are gender, literacy levels, social and economic status and technological know-how on RWHT. Ways of promoting the adoption of RWHTs such as capacity building and training, poverty alleviation through enhancement of income generation activities, enhanced formation of community groups aimed at water development activities, and improved designs incorporating mechanized technologies in favour of women and children, are recommended.
Design of CPW-fed Capacitive Coupled Patch Antenna for WiGig Applicationsinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Some Natural Herbs in India and Their Effectiveness in Water Purificationinventy
In Ayurveda from ancient time Ocimum Sanctum, AzardirachtaIndica, TriticumAestivum, PhyllanthusEmblica, StrychnosPotatorum etc. natural herbs areproved tobe very useful medicines. Inthe present study effectiveness of these herbs in water purification because of their antibacterial activity is studied.Leaves and fruits of these herbs were dried, extracted and activity was tested by Disc Diffusion Method (Kirby-Bauer Method). In all these herbs maximum removal of E.coli was found at maximum 1% onwards.From the percentage removal of E.coli Ocimum Sanctum was found most effective. 82.15% removal of E.coli was observed for 1% and onward concentration of Ocimum Sanctum
Control of metabolic activities of E.coli and S. aureus bacteria by Electric ...inventy
Low electric currents generated using conductive electrodes have been used to increase the efficacy of antibiotics against bacterial biofilms, a phenomenon termed “the bioelectric effect” that formed metal ions and free radicals which can inhibit the growth of planktonic Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and Escherichia Coli (E.Coli) the effect is amplitude and frequency dependent, the aim of present study to define the parameters that are most effective against bacterial growth also to investigate the comparative study through inactivation of metabolic activities, growth rate, morphology, bacterial conductivity and antibiotic sensitivity between gram negative E.Coli and gram positive S.aureus bacteria by extremely low frequency electric field (ELF-EF). In this work, the frequency of electric impulses that interfere with the bioelectric signals generated during E.Coli and S.aureus cellular division is investigated in order to compare cell viability, number of colony forming units (CFU) and growth rate (optical density at 600nm) bacterial conductivity and antibiotic susceptibility. Also morphological cellular structure was investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results revealed that a highly significant inhibition effect occurred when S.aureus and E.Coli was exposed to resonance of 0.8, 0.5 Hz square amplitude modulated waves (QAMW) respectively for 2hours exposure .Moreover, exposed cells became more sensitive to the tested antibiotics compared to control. Significant ultra-structural changes occurred as observed by TEM which indicated morphological changes. It will be concluded that, the use of 0.8, 0.5 Hz QAMW in controlling the biological activity of S.aureus and E.coli respectively seems to be a new and promising medical activity.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Effects of Language of the Catchment Area in Learning Kiswahiliinventy
Kiswahili one of the compulsory subjects that is nationally examined but there has been complaints about poor performance in schools. This paper is a report of a study carried out in 2012 in Kapseret Division of Uasin Gishu County. The study assessed the effects of the language of the catchment area in learning Kiswahili. The study was guided by sociocultural theory (SCT) and was descriptive in nature. Simple random sampling was used to select 15 out of 50 schools in Kapseret Division, it was also used to select 20 %(750) of standard six pupils from each of the selected schools. Purposive sampling was used to select 30 upper primary Kiswahili teachers; one class six Kiswahili teacher and a Kiswahili panel head from the selected schools. Data was collected using questionnaires, observation checklists. It was analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques such as percentages and frequencies. The investigation found out Nandi was the language of the catchment area but Kiswahili was used in communication because of different ethnic communities. Kiswahili be used in schools, parents be sensitized to have a positive attitude towards Kiswahili hence changing the learners attitude.
Machine learning and deep learning performance in classifying dyslexic child...IJECEIAES
Dyslexia is a form of learning disability that causes a child to have difficulties in writing alphabets, reading words, and doing mathematics. Early identification of dyslexia is important to provide early intervention to improve learning disabilities. This study was carried out to differentiate EEG signals of poor dyslexic, capable dyslexic, and normal children during writing using machine learning and deep learning. three machine learning algorithms were studied: k-nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), and extreme learning machine (ELM) with input features from coefficients of beta and theta band power extracted using discrete wavelet transform (DWT). As for the deep learning (DL) algorithm, long short-term memory (LSTM) architecture was employed. The kernel parameters of the classifiers were optimized to achieve high classification accuracy. Results showed that db8 achieved the greatest classification accuracy for all classifiers. Support vector machine with radial basis function kernel yields the highest accuracy which is 88% than other classifiers. The support vector machine with radial basis function kernel with db8 could be employed in determining the dyslexic children’s levels objectively during writing.
Eye gaze performance for children with severe physical impairm.docxlmelaine
Eye gaze performance for children with severe physical impairments using
gaze-based assistive technology—A longitudinal study
Maria Borgestig, PhDa,b, Jan Sandqvist, PhDa, Richard Parsons, PhDc, Torbjörn Falkmer, OT, MD/PhD, Profc,d,e,
and Helena Hemmingsson, Reg OT, PhDa
aDepartment of Social and Welfare Studies, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; bFolke Bernadotte Regional Habilitation Centre and
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; cSchool of Occupational Therapy & Social Work, Curtin
University, Perth, Australia; dSchool of Occupational Therapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; eRehabilitation Medicine, Department of
Medicine and Health Sciences (IMH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University & Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, UHL, County Council,
Linköping, Sweden
ABSTRACT
Gaze-based assistive technology (gaze-based AT) has the potential to provide children affected by
severe physical impairments with opportunities for communication and activities. This study aimed to
examine changes in eye gaze performance over time (time on task and accuracy) in children with severe
physical impairments, without speaking ability, using gaze-based AT. A longitudinal study with a before
and after design was conducted on 10 children (aged 1–15 years) with severe physical impairments, who
were beginners to gaze-based AT at baseline. Thereafter, all children used the gaze-based AT in daily
activities over the course of the study. Compass computer software was used to measure time on task
and accuracy with eye selection of targets on screen, and tests were performed with the children at
baseline, after 5 months, 9–11 months, and after 15–20 months. Findings showed that the children
improved in time on task after 5 months and became more accurate in selecting targets after
15–20 months. This study indicates that these children with severe physical impairments, who were
unable to speak, could improve in eye gaze performance. However, the children needed time to practice
on a long-term basis to acquire skills needed to develop fast and accurate eye gaze performance.
ARTICLE HISTORY
Accepted 4 September 2015
KEYWORDS
assistive devices; computer
access; physical disability
Introduction
Some children with severe physical impairments also lack the
ability to speak. They are commonly diagnosed as having cerebral
palsy (Cans, 2000), and the severe motor impairment is often
associated with concomitant cognitive impairment and limited
performance in everyday activities (Kantak, Sullivan, & Burtner,
2008; Rosenbaum et al., 2007). These children do not have control
over their body movements and are therefore dependent on
assistance in all activities, including communication, eating, and
playing (Cans, 2000; Østensjø, Carlberg, & Vøllestad, 2005). Eye
movements may be the only movements they can control volun-
tarily. For that reason, assistive technology (AT) based on a
computer controlled by their ...
ESL Reading Research Based on Eye Tracking TechniquesRadita Apriana
Reading is a complex cognitive process. Through eye tracking techniques the cognitive features
can be observed in depth, and therefore a better grasp of the instant cognitive processing of language can
be achieved. Compared to traditional methods, the greatest advantage of eye tracking is that is that the
reader proceeds with reading coherently and fluently without interrupt and interference, which secures the
results in higher ecological validity. This paper is mainly about studies on eye movement features in ESL
reading, and particularly illustrates eye movement patterns, the relationship between eye movement and
perceptual processing, and eye movement control, aiming at providing some basic evidences for
explaining the relationship between eye movement behavior and cognitive processing thus helping to
solve some theoretical problems in reading.
This presentation gives the case for vision as a basis for reading difficulties including dyslexia. It provides evidence of a link between vision and learning problems and shows some of the visual interventions.
Procedural Memory in Children with Autism Double Dissociationijtsrd
Autism, which involves persistent deficits in social communication and behavioral flexibility, has been increasingly prevalent in recent years. Although considerable research on language in autism has focused on pragmatic impairments, few researchers have attempted to identify the link between memory and language impairments. Walenski, Tager Flusberg, and Ullman 2006 hypothesized that procedural memory deficit leads to grammatical impairments. Due to dearth of studies examining procedural memory across varied output modalities, the present investigation was planned. Thus, the main aim of this study was to investigate procedural memory across phonological and orthographic domains in children with autism. Ten children with high functioning autism aged from 7 17 years and typical controls were recruited as participants in the present study. Test for Examining Expressive Morphology Shipley, Stone and Sue, 1983 , consisting of true words, was used to investigate whether intact declarative memory takes over the function in the clinical group by correctly inflecting the target word verbally. In addition, Wug Test Berko, 1958 was administered to examine non word inflections in both clinical and control groups. Sentence completion tasks for both spoken and written modalities were administered to individual participants in a sound treated room. The findings of the the present study indicate that the clinical group obtained good scores on true word verbal tasks since they stored the word with suffixes as a whole unit in their relatively spared declarative memory. However, since non words are not stored in declarative memory, verbal performance of the clinical group on Wug Test was found to be impaired. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the two groups on non word tasks in orthographic modality. This suggests that orthographic procedural memory is spared although the phonological counterpart is impaired in children with autism. Thus, double dissociation of written and spoken language processes in procedural memory is hypothesized. The potential implication of the present study is that procedural memory training using intact orthographic modality could enhance learning of morphological rules in children with autism. However, future studies on larger sample size across the spectrum is recommended to establish clinical implications. Dr. Maria Grace Treasa "Procedural Memory in Children with Autism: Double Dissociation?" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42557.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/other/42557/procedural-memory-in-children-with-autism-double-dissociation/dr-maria-grace-treasa
Report – Oxford-Kobe Symposium
Progress and Hope
Reporting the 3rd Oxford-Kobe Symposium,
11 – 14 April 2013
Good progress and an emerging consensus in the scientific understanding of dyslexia as well as an appreciation of how skilled and appropriate intervention
can help people with dyslexia were the salient themes in this outstanding
event.
The risk of cognitive impairment assosiated with congenital deafness in child...MaritLobben
Overall poor performance of cognitive and behavioral skills are predictors of poor language skills and vice versa: we need to realise that language, perception, thought, and problem-solving constitute a continuum of interdependent functions.
Some refer to this as polymodal development of the sensory apparatus, as the developing trend in typically developing individuals (Bailey, 2002).
Sensory input participates not only in a simple additive way but also has a reciprocal influence in that it modulates synergistically the unyielding of neural networks.
This is probably why children with deafness exhibit subtle differences from hearing subjects also in functions that seem far removed from the auditory function, such as visuomotor integration or abstract thinking.
From a neuroscientific perspective, this is an interesting demonstration in relation to the extent of the role of hearing in the building of neural networks that result from sensorimotor exposure and practice.
TRANSDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO SPEECH THERAPY WITH CHILDREN WITH ALALIASubmissionResearchpa
The article discloses the practical side of the transdisciplinary approach in speech therapy work and rehabilitation of children with alalia. In diagnosing speech disorders, the author believes that the behavior of children with alalia is closely related to the physiological activity of the brain, that diagnosis of speech disorders based on EEG and neuropsychological methods, as well as knowledge of the insufficiency of individual brain structures, which is supported by data from electroencephalographic research, are important for speech therapists in complex rehabilitation. Binaural therapy (individual alpha balance correction program) was used for children after EEG diagnosis of their dominant alpha rhythm, which matched their dominant rhythm in the selected time interval by Karimova Shoira Tursunovna 2020. TRANSDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO SPEECH THERAPY WITH CHILDREN WITH ALALIA. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 8 (Sep. 2020), 238-241. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i8.574 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/574/549 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/574
UNIQUE APPROACH TO CONTROL SPEECH, SENSORY AND MOTOR NEURONAL DISORDER THROUG...kevig
Cognitive science is an effective approach for bringing mentally retarded person in to live normal way of life. Overcoming cognitive disorders involves initiating the growth of natural thinking. A large population in this world is suffering from cognitive disorders either less or more. Cognitive disorders can be of due to developmental issue or acquired from illness/accidental. Cognitive development can be achieved by natural therapy by stimulation of specific neuronal network which are involved in cognition. Brain based skills that involved in this make a complex task into simpler task. These skills show how we learn, how we think, how we remember and most importantly how we respond to a specific situation. For instance, perception is the recognition and interpretation of opinion or in what way you are taking problem and solving in which way because a single problem solved by different persons in different way of thinking. In such a situation it is very important to develop basic cognitive abilities in infants in its early developmental stage by providing necessary therapy in childhood. To bring this reality in society here an attempt will be made to design a virtual therapy device that will give the necessary exercises to the infants for growth of proper neural network i.e. brain development to overcome mental retardation and cognitive disorder.
UNIQUE APPROACH TO CONTROL SPEECH, SENSORY AND MOTOR NEURONAL DISORDER THROUG...kevig
Cognitive science is an effective approach for bringing mentally retarded person in to live normal way of life. Overcoming cognitive disorders involves initiating the growth of natural thinking. A large population in this world is suffering from cognitive disorders either less or more. Cognitive disorders can be of due to developmental issue or acquired from illness/accidental. Cognitive development can be achieved by natural therapy by stimulation of specific neuronal network which are involved in cognition. Brain based skills that
involved in this make a complex task into simpler task. These skills show how we learn, how we think, how we remember and most importantly how we respond to a specific situation. For instance, perception is the recognition and interpretation of opinion or in what way you are taking problem and solving in which way because a single problem solved by different persons in different way of thinking. In such a situation it is
very important to develop basic cognitive abilities in infants in its early developmental stage by providing necessary therapy in childhood. To bring this reality in society here an attempt will be made to design a virtual therapy device that will give the necessary exercises to the infants for growth of proper neural
network i.e. brain development to overcome mental retardation and cognitive disorder.
UNIQUE APPROACH TO CONTROL SPEECH, SENSORY AND MOTOR NEURONAL DISORDER THROUG...ijnlc
Cognitive science is an effective approach for bringing amentally retarded person in to live normal way of life.Overcoming cognitive disorders involves initiating thegrowth of natural thinking. A large population in thisworld is suffering from cognitive disorders either less ormore. Cognitive disorders can be of due to developmental issue or acquired from illness/accidental. Cognitivedevelopment can be achieved by natural therapy by stimulation of specific neuronal network which are involved in cognition. Brain based skills that
involved inthis make a complex task into simpler task. These skillsshow how we learn, how we think, how we rememberand most importantly how we respond to a specific situation. For instance, perception is the recognition andinterpretation of opinion or in what way you are taking aproblem and solving in which way because a singleproblem solved by different persons in different way ofthinking. In such a situation it is very important to develop basic cognitive abilities in infants in its early developmental stage by providing necessary therapy inchildhood. To bring this reality in society here an attempt will be made to design a virtual therapy devicethat will give the necessary exercises to the infants forgrowth of proper neural
network i.e. brain developmentto overcome mental retardation and cognitive disorder.
In light of teaching students with dyslexia and other learning difficulties (LD), neuroscientists claim that
such deficiencies happen due to a neural base, depending on biological and environmental factors, and
experience developing properties and improving reading skills. The research claims two types of dyslexia:
developmental (or innate) and deep (or acquired due to brain traumas or diseases). This article researches
developmental dyslexia (DD), which may be primary and secondary. DD is divided into two main
subtypes: surface and phonological While reading; our brains must "rewire" neural circuits initially used
for other tasks, such as visual and speech processing and attention and cognition. Psycholinguistics
investigates the cognitive process of perception, production, and general use of language. This article
revises teaching English in light of neuroscience, psycholinguistics, and appropriate methods to train
working memory and other ways to overcome DD and its subtypes
Experimental Investigation of a Household Refrigerator Using Evaporative-Cool...inventy
The objective of this paper was to investigate experimentally the effect of Evaporative-cooled condenser in a household refrigerator. The experiment was done using HCF134a as the refrigerant. The performance of the household refrigerator with air-cooled and Evaporative-cooled condenser was compared for different load conditions. The results indicate that the refrigerator performance had improved when evaporative-cooled condenser was used instead of air-cooled condenser on all load conditions. Evaporativecooled condenser reduced the energy consumption when compared with the air-cooled condenser. There was also an enhancement in coefficient of performance (COP) when evaporative-cooled condenser was used instead of air-cooled condenser. The Evaporative cooled heat exchanger was designed and the system was modified by retrofitting it, instead of the conventional air-cooled condenser by making drop wise condensation using water and forced circulation over the condenser. From the experimental analysis it is observed that the COP of evaporative cooled system increased by 13.44% compared to that of air cooled system. So the overall efficiency and refrigerating effect is increased. In minimum constructional, maintenance and running cost, the system is much useful for domestic purpose. This study also revealed that combining a evaporative cooled system along with conventional water cooled system under the condition that the defrost water obtained from the freezer is used for drop wise condensation over condenser and water cooled condensation of the condenser at the bottom using remaining defrost water would reduce the power consumption, work done and hence further increase in refrigerating effect of the system. The study has shown that such a system is technically feasible and economically viable
Copper Strip Corrossion Test in Various Aviation Fuelsinventy
This research work takes in to account of corrosiveness test on various aviation fuels in the state of Telengana (India). The purpose of this experiment is to determine the corrosiveness test of fuels. This determination will be accomplished by using copper strip corrosion test by using the copper strip experiment we can determine the corrosive property of the fuel and hence the efficiency of fuel. The research covers the importance of knowing the corrosive property of different petroleum fuels including aviation turbine fuel.
Additional Conservation Laws for Two-Velocity Hydrodynamics Equations with th...inventy
A series of the differential identities connecting velocities, pressure and body force in the twovelocity hydrodynamics equations with equilibrium of pressure phases in reversible hydrodynamic approximation is obtaned.
Comparative Study of the Quality of Life, Quality of Work Life and Organisati...inventy
People’s lives are increasingly centred on work; they spend at least one-third of their time within the organisations that employ them. Investigating the factors that interfere with employees’ well-being and the organisational environment is becoming an increasing concern in organisations. This article identifies the criteria of the quality of life (QoL), quality of working life (QWL) and organisational climate instruments to point out their similarities. For bibliographic construction and data research, articles were sought in national and international journals, books and dissertations/articles in SciELO, Science Direct, Medline and Pub Med databases. The results show direct relationships amongst QoL, QWL and organisational climate instruments. The relationship between QoL and QWL instruments is based on fair compensation, social interaction, organisational communication, working conditions and functional capacity. QWL and organisational climate instruments are related through social interaction and interfaces. QoL and organisational climate instruments are related based on social interaction, organisational communication, and work conditions.
A Study of Automated Decision Making Systemsinventy
The decision making process of many operations are dependent on analysing very large data sets, previous decisions and their results. The information generated from the large data sets are used as an input for making decisions. Since the decisions to be taken in day to day operations are expanding, the time taken for manual decision making is also expanding. In order to reduce the time, cost and to increase the efficiency and accuracy, which are the most important things for customer satisfaction, many organisations are adopting the automated decision making systems. This paper is about the technologies used for automated decision making systems and the areas in which automated decisions systems works more efficiently and accurately.
Crystallization of L-Glutamic Acid: Mechanism of Heterogeneous β -Form Nuclea...inventy
The mechanism of heterogeneous nucleation of β-form L-glutamic acid was deeply investigated in cooling crystallization. The present study found that the β-form crystals were epitaxially grown on the α-form crystals and they were preferably crystallized on the (011) and (001) surfaces instead of the (111) surfaces of α- form crystals. This result was explained via the molecular simulation. The molecular simulation indicated that the different surfaces of α-form crystals provided different functional groups, resulting in different sites for the heterogeneous nucleation of β-form crystals. Here, the functional group were COO- , C=O and O-H on the (011) and (001) surfaces of α-form crystals, respectively, while it was the NH3 + on the (111) surfaces of α-form crystals. As such, the degree of lattice matching (E) between the β-form crystals and the various surfaces of α- form crystal was distinguished, where the degree of lattice matching (E) between the β-form crystals and the (011), (001) and (111) surfaces of α-form crystal were estimated as 5.30, 5.25 and 2.39, respectively, implying that the (011) and (001) surfaces of α-form crystal were more favorable to generate the heterogeneous nucleation of β-form crystals than the (111) surfaces of α-form crystal
Evaluation of Damage by the Reliability of the Traction Test on Polymer Test ...inventy
In recent decades, polymers have undergone a remarkable historical development and their use has been greatly imposed by gradually dethroning most of the secular materials. These polymer materials have always distinguished themselves by their simple shaping and inexpensive price, their versatility, lightness, and chemical stability but despite their massive use in everyday life as well as in advanced technologies. Generally, these materials still not understood which requires a thorough knowledge of their chemical, physical, rheological and mechanical properties. This paper, we study the mechanical behavior of an amorphous polymer: Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene “ABS” by means of uniaxial tensile testing on pierced test pieces with different notch lengths ranging between 1 to 14mm.The proposed approach consists in analyzing the evolution of the global geometry of the obtained strain curves by taking into account the zones and characteristic points of these curves as well as the effect of the damage on the mechanical behavior of the polymer ABS, in order to visualize the evolution of the damage by a static model
Application of Kennelly’model of Running Performances to Elite Endurance Runn...inventy
: The model of Kennelly between distance (Dlim) and exhaustion time (tlim) has been applied to the individual performances of 19 elite endurance runners (World-record holders and Olympic winners) from P. Nurmi (1920-1924) to M. Farah (2012) whose individual best performances on several different distances are known. Kennelly’s model (Dlim = k tlim ) can describe the individual performances of elite runners with a high accuracy (errors lower than 2 %). There is a linear relationship between parameters k and exponents of the elite runners and the extreme values correspond to S. Coe (k = 15.8; = 0.851) and E. Zatopek (k = 6.57; = 0.984). Exponent can be considered as a dimensionless index of aerobic endurance which is close to 1 in the best endurance runners. If it is assumed than maximal aerobic speed can be maintained 7 min in elite endurance runners, exponent is equal to the normalized critical speed (critical speed/maximal aerobic speed) computed from exhaustion times equal to 3 and 12.5 min in these runners.
Development and Application of a Failure Monitoring System by Using the Vibra...inventy
In this project, a failure monitoring system is developed by using the vibration and location information of balises in railway signaling. A lot of field equipment in railway are loosening and broken in time period so that they need maintenance due to the vibrations that occur due to high speed trains traffic and railway vehicles impact. Among the field equipment, balises have very important role of communication in terms of transmitting information to trains. In this scope, it is aimed to make maintenance works more efficient, have no delayed trains, detect previously failure location and intervene in failure timely, by detecting and controlling balise cases such as loosening, out of place and the data consistency error that happens because of balise physical state. In this project, the communication is provided with I2C, Modbus RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) and RS485 standards by using Arduino Uno cards and MPU6050 IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) sensors in laboratory. Each used sensors are in slave mode and computer interface designed with C# is in master mode. Fault situations in the system are checked instant by the interface. (it is assumed to mount the IMU sensor and the Arduino circuit on the balise) it is seen that the interface responds to the sensor movements instant and the system works well in the end of test processes.
The Management of Protected Areas in Serengeti Ecosystem: A Case Study of Iko...inventy
The study assessed the management of protected areas in Serengeti ecosystem using the case of IGGRs. Specifically, the study aimed at identifying the strategies used for natural resources management; examining the impacts of those strategies; examining the hindrances of the identified strategies; and lastly, examining the methods for scaling up the performance of strategies used for natural resources in the study area. The study involved two villages among 31 villages bordering IGGRs where in each village; at least 5% of the households were sampled. Both Primary data and secondary data were collected and analyzed both manually and computer by using SPSS software. The study revealed that, study population ranked IGGRs performance on protection of natural resources, especially on conserving wildlife for future generation and in reducing poaching to be good(53.3%). In addition, the relationship with IGGRs was said to be considerable good (46.7%). In the aspect of reducing poaching, the findings show that poaching has been reduced by 96.2% from 2009 to 2012. Furthermore, 81.4% of respondents said they use different strategies to control loss of natural resources which in turn has considerably improved the relationship between protected areas and the surrounding communities in some of the aspects. Despite of above successes, the study findings has revealed a number of challenges that hinders the full attainment of conservation objectives. Among the challenges are loss of life and properties (86.4%), shortage of water for livestock (68.9%) since water sources such as Grumeti and Rubana rivers are within protected area while the adjacent local communities do not have a free access to those water sources. Other challenges especially on the IGGRs management include insufficient fund base, working facilities and inadequate staffs. Based on the above findings, the study concluded that the strategies used for natural resources management of protected areas in Serengeti ecosystem is fairly sustainable and need functional participatory approaches of local people and other stakeholders in order to bring about a collaborative natural resources management network in the ecosystem. Furthermore, based on the findings above, equity in benefit sharing accrued from natural resource management in protected areas, more financial support to IGGRs and local community, the use of non-lethal deterrents for crop protection, integration of croplivestock production systems, adoption of land use plans as a solution to land conflicts, strengthens of community based conservation (CBC), adoption of modern information technology such as geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing are recommended.
Size distribution and biometric relationships of little tunny Euthynnus allet...inventy
This study is taken from data of commercial fishing of the little tunny, Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810) caught in the Algerian coast, sampled between november 2011 and april 2016. Data were collected in order to determine size distributions of the population and biometric relationships of species including the size - weight relationships. A total of 601 fish ranged from 30.9 and 103 cm fork length (FL) were observed. The size distribution of Euthynnus alletteratus shows multiple modal values witch the most important cohort corresponds to the age class 2 (42-46 cm). The value of the allometric coefficient (b) of the FL/TW relationship is lower than 3, indicating a negative allometric growth.
Removal of Chromium (VI) From Aqueous Solutions Using Discarded Solanum Tuber...inventy
Industrial polluting effluents containing heavy metals are of serious environmental concern in India. Chromium is frequently used in industries like electroplating, metal finishing, cooling towers, dyes, paints, anodizing and leather tanning and is found as traces in effluents finding their way to natural water bodies causing hazardous toxicity to the health of humans, animals and aquatic lives directly or indirectly. Many methods for the removal of Chromium such as chemical reduction, precipitation, ion exchange, electrochemical reduction, evaporation, reverse osmosis and adsorption using activated carbon etc. have been reported but all being expensive and complicated to operate. Experimental practices reveal that adsorption by agricultural and horticultural wastes are quite simple, inexpensive and efficient method. Agra is famous for Potato farming, a lot of discarded potato waste from cold storages is thrown along road side drains causing solid waste generated which either creates solid waste disposal problem or otherwise it finds way to Yamuna river resulting high BOD and posing a serious threat to the aquatic environment. For developing countries like India adsorption studies using discarded potato (Solanum tuberosum) waste from cold storages (DPWC) a solid waste as low cost adsorbent for Chromium removal was dual beneficial i.e., an ideal solution to these solid wastes disposal problem of Agra and removal of Chromium from tannery effluents and thereby saving aquatic life from Chromium contamination in Yamuna river. Keeping this in view batch experiments were designed to study the feasibility of discarded potato waste from cold storages to remove chromium (VI) from the aqueous solutions. During the study various affecting parameters, such as pH, adsorbent does, initial concentration, temperature, contact time, adsorbent grain size and start up agitation speed were optimized as 5.0, 10-20 g/l, 50 mg/l, 250C, 135 minutes, average size and 80 rpm respectively on chromium removal efficiency. Various Isotherms such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin also fitted suitably and various corresponding constants determined from these Isotherms favor and support the adsorption. Thermodynamic constants ∆G, ∆H and ∆S were found to be 0.267 KJ/mole, 0.288 KJ/mole and 0.0013 KJ/mole respectively.
Effect of Various External and Internal Factors on the Carrier Mobility in n-...inventy
The effect of various external (temperature, electric field, light) and intracrystalline (doping, initial resistivity) factors on the mobility of carriers in layered n-InSe semiconductor experimentally have been investigated. Scientific explanations of the results are proposed
Transient flow analysis for horizontal axial upper-wind turbineinventy
This study is to carry out a transient flow field analysis on the condition that the wind turbine is working to generate turbine, the wind turbine operating conditions change over time, Purpose of this study is try to find out the rule from the wind turbine changing over time . In transient analysis, the wind velocity on inlet boundary and rotation speed in the rotor field will change over time, and an analytical process is provided that can be used for future reference. At present, the wind turbine model is designed on the concept of upwind horizontal axis type. The computer engineering software GH Bladed is used to obtain the relationship between the rotor velocity and the wind turbine. Then the ANSYS engineering software is used to calculate the stress and strain distribution in the blades over time. From the analytical result, the relationship between the stress distribution in the blades and the rotor velocity is got to be used as a reference for future wind turbine structural optimization.
Choice of Numerical Integration Method for Wind Time History Analysis of Tall...inventy
Wind tunnel tests are being performed routinely around the world for designing tall buildings but the advent of powerful computational tools will make time-history analysis for wind more common in near future. As the duration of wind storms ranges from tens of minutes to hours while earthquake durations are typically less than a three to four minutes, the choice of a time step size (Δt) for wind studies needs to be much larger both to reduce the computational time and to save disk space. As the error in any numerical solution of the equation of motion is dependent on step size (Δt), careful investigations on the choice of numerical integration methods for wind analyses are necessary. From a wide variety of integration methods available, it was decided to investigate three methods that seem appropriate for 3D-time history analysis of tall buildings for wind. These are modal time history analysis, the Hilber-Hughes-Taylor (HHT) method or α-method with α=- 0.1, and the Newmark method with β=0.25 and γ=0.5 ( i.e., trapezoidal rule). SAP2000, a common structural analysis software tool, and a 64-story structure are used to conduct all the analyses in this paper. A boundary layer wind tunnel (BLWT) pressure time history measured at 120 locations around the building envelope of a similar structure is used for the analyses. Analyses performed with both the HHT and Newmark-method considering P-delta effects show that second order effects have a considerable impact on both displacement and acceleration response. This result shows that it is necessary to account P-delta effect for wind analysis of tall buildings. As the direct integration time history analysis required very large computation times and very large computer physical memory for a wind duration of hours, a modal analysis with reduced stiffness is considered as a good alternative. For that purpose, a non-linear static analysis of the structure with a load combination of 1.0D + 1.0L is performed in SAP2000 and the reduced stiffness of the structure after the analysis is used to conduct an eigenvalue analysis to extract the mode shapes and frequencies of this structure. Then the first 20- modes are used to perform a modal time history analysis for wind load. The result shows that the responses from modal analysis with “20-mode (reduced stiffness)” are comparable with that from the P-Δ analyses of Newmark-method
Impacts of Demand Side Management on System Reliability Evaluationinventy
Electricity demand in Saudi Arabia is steadily increasing as electrical loads grows at a rate of about 7% per year, this represents a high rate by all standards, and largely due to population growth, as well as due to government subsidies which may lead to prices much lower than actual production cost. This growth represents a challenge that requires Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) to invest huge amounts of money every year, for the construction of additional generation capacity along with the reinforcement of transmission network to meet the consumption growth.Also the demand varies frequently throughout the day, causing a waste of a large part of the energy. SEC believes the optimum solution lies in altering the load shape in order to have a better balance between customer’s consumption and SEC’s generation, This paper describes the method for improving the power system reliability by shifting the portion of peak load to off-peak periods This load management scheme can be achieved by lifting the generation during off peak periods and utilizing the stored energy during peak periods. A hybrid set up involving solar and wind energy along with batteries can also be used to store energy and utilize it during peak periods.
Reliability Evaluation of Riyadh System Incorporating Renewable Generationinventy
In this paper, the experience of Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) in analyzing the generation adequacy for Year 2013 is presented. This analysis is conducted by calculating several reliability indices for Riyadh system hourly load during all four seasonal periods. The reliability indices are gauged against the international utility practice. SEC also plans to introduce renewable energy into the network in order to secure the environmental standards and reduce fuel costs of conventional generation. Thus, the reliability improvement due to different integration levels of Solar and Wind generating sources has also been investigated. The capacity value provided by these variable renewable energy sources (VERs) to reliably meet the system load has been calculated using effective load carrying capability (ELCC) technique with a loss of load expectancy metric.
The effect of reduced pressure acetylene plasma treatment on physical charact...inventy
The capacitors are increasingly being used as energy storage devicesin various power systems. The scientists of the world are tryingto maximize the electrical capacity of the supercapacitors. To achieve this purpose, numerous method sare used: the surface activation of electrodes, the surface etching using the electronbeam, the electrode etching with variousgasplasma, etc. The purpose of this work is toresearch how the properties of carbon electrodes depend on the plasma parameters at whichtheywere formed. The largest surface area ofcarbonelectrodeof47.25m2 /gis obtainedat 15 ofAr/C2H2gasratio. Meanwhile, theSEMimages show that the disruption of structures with low bond energies and the formation of new onesare taking place when the carbon electrodes are etched at acetylene plasma and placed on carbon electrode. The measurements of capacitance showthat capacitors with affectedelectrodes have about10-15% highercapacity than those not treated with acetyleneplasma.
Experimental Investigation of Mini Cooler cum Freezerinventy
In general cases the refrigerator could be converted into an air conditioner by attaching a fan. Thus a cooler as well as freezer is obtained in a single set up. The freezer can be converted to an air conditioner when the outside air is allowed to flow beside the cooling coil and is forced outside by an exhaust fan. In this case a mini scale cooler cum freezer using R134a as refrigerant was fabricated and tested In our mini project work we had designed, fabricated and experimentally analysed a mini cooler cum freezer. From the observations and calculations, the results of mini cooler cum freezer are obtained and are compared.
Growth and Magnetic properties of MnGeP2 thin filmsinventy
We have successfully grown MnGeP2 thin films on GaAs (100) substrate. A ferromagnetic transition near 320 K has been observed by temperature dependent magnetization and resistance measurements. Field dependent magnetization experiments have shown that the coercive fields at 5, 250, and 300 K are 3870, 1380 and 155 Oe, respectively. Magnetoresistance and Hall measurements have displayed that hole conduction is dominant in MnGeP2. PACS: 75.50.Pp, 75.70.-i, 85.70.-w, 73.50.-h
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Assuring Contact Center Experiences for Your Customers With ThousandEyes
Detection Of Dyslexia From Eye Movements Using Anfis & Bbwpe Feature Extraction Methods
1. Research Inventy: International Journal Of Engineering And Science
Vol.05, Issue 01 (January 2015), PP: 20-29
Issn (e): 2278-4721, Issn (p):2319-6483, www.researchinventy.com
20
Detection Of Dyslexia From Eye Movements Using Anfis &
Bbwpe Feature Extraction Methods
1
P.M. Gomathi , 2
Dr. G.M. Nasira
1
Research Scholar, Anna University, Coimbatore
2
Professor/CA, Department of Computer Science, Chikkanna Government Arts College, Tirupur
ABSTRACT - The control of attention orienting was studied in children with specific reading disorder (SRD)
or dyslexia, and it was compared with that of normal readers. The main goal of the study was to propose and
implement new feature extraction method for extracting the features efficient from the signals and it is classified
using the classifier from eye movement signal. Eye movements of 76 school children were measured using
videooculographic (VOG) technique during one reading and four nonreading tasks. Videooculographic (VOG)
is used to measure the Eye movement’s signals of children through single reading and four non reading tasks.
Time and frequency domain features were extracted and various feature selection methods were performed to
select subsets of significant features. The best basis-based wavelet packet entropy method (BBWPE) is proposed
in this research for extracting the features from the eye movement signal. The improved ANFIS based on PSO is
used as a classifier. The parameters used for finding accuracy of the proposed methodology are sensitivity,
specificity and p-value. The Experimentation confirmed that the proposed ANFIS with BBWPE model has good
detection results than ANFIS with MAR and ANN model in terms of parameters like sensitivity, specificity,
detection accuracy and p-value.
KEYWORD - Learning disability, Feature Extraction, Classification, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System
(ANFIS), Best Basis-based Wavelet Packet Entropy method (BBWPE).
I. INTRODUCTION
Learning disability [LD] denotes to a neurological condition which disturbs an individual‟s ability to
think and remember. It is established in disorders of listening, thinking reading writing spelling or arithmetic
[1]. These individuals are not attributed to medical, emotional or environment causes despite having normal
intellectual abilities [2]. LD can be broadly classified into three types. They are difficulties in learning with
respect to read (Dyslexia), to write (Dysgraphia) or to do simple mathematical calculations (Dyscalculia) [3]
which are often termed as special learning disabilities. Krik [1] stated that, children with special learning
disabilities exhibit a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or
in using spoken or written language. These may be manifested in disorders of listening, thinking, talking,
reading, writing, spelling or arithmetic. They include conditions which have been referred to as perceptual
handicaps brain injury minimal brain dysfunction dyslexia development aphasia etc. and they do not include
learning problems which are due primarily to visual hearing or motor handicaps to mental retardation emotional
disturbance or to environment deprivation. In that dyslexia is one of the important disability which affects the
children in preschool stage itself.
Developmental dyslexia is traditionally defined as a discrepancy between reading ability and
intelligence in children receiving adequate reading tuition. Since the definition is entirely behavioral [4], it
leaves open the causes for reading failure. It is now well established that dyslexia is a neurological disorder with
a genetic origin, which is currently being investigated. The disorder has lifelong persistence, reading retardation
being merely one of its manifestations. Dyslexia difficulty is normally differentiated by using the following
problems during learning process such as how to spell each letter differently, how the words are read correctly
and their confidence level of each word [5].
Dyslexia is, however, often associated with abnormal movements of the eyes. Although many people suggest
that these are merely a consequence rather than a cause of reading difficulties, perhaps arising from children's
inability to make sense of what they see, it is now clear that many dyslexics have unusual eye movements even
when they are not trying to read.
There are several techniques are used for monitoring of eye position from video [6]. One of the
important and recent techniques used for monitoring the eye movements is videooculographic. It is mainly used
for recording of eye movement and it is a highly effective non-invasive technology for evaluating eye
movement.Several diagnosing systems are introduced in the past decade for identifying the dyslexia children‟s
from normal ones. Although these algorithms give better results, it is not efficient one and diagnosing of
dyslexia is still under progress. In order to solve these issues the recorded eye movement signals are analyzed
2. Detection Of Dyslexia From Eye Movements…
21
using word length and frequency effects in a teach reading disorder with wordnet tool. Eye movement signals
of each child are recorded using Videooculographic technology. Totally there are 76 students eye movement
signals are recorded using iView 3.0 videooculography systems at the Department of Neurology. The recorded
eye movement signals are analyzed using wordnet tool, then most important features for analyzing eye
movement signals are extracted using Best Basis-based Wavelet Packet Entropy (BBWPE) and learning
of extracting features for dyslexia detection through improved Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System
(ANFIS) with PSO algorithm. Finally measure the detection rate of dyslexia between existing ANFIS model and
Improved ANFIS model from feature extraction results for each eye movement signal.
II. RELATED WORK
Learning disabilities (LD) have been much attracting the interest in various applications areas such as
scientific regulation, together with therapy, neuroscience, psychology, knowledge, and sociology. Since learning
disabilities are generally imagine and understood if both becomes under the similar scientific regulation, can
offer facts for the complication under different category [7]. In earlier work several learning academic activities
[8-9] have been carried out to discover the dyslexia children who have actually suffers from LD difficulty, the
major causes of the learning disability majorly affects the following actions such as thinking, listening,
concentration, and, mainly significantly The study of official disclosure [10] is used to identify the learning
disability problem adopted by the Saudi department of Education. Since it says that reading is a complex task
that needs many skills for its mastery. Therefore, identification of skills for success reading is also very
significant. Recently, Behrmann et.al [11] developed a word-based length examination to detect the results of
pure alexia. Pure alexia is known as reading disorder that happen from a low-level unimportant destruction in
the graphematics system detection of letter character. In Word processing point of view, if the quantity of
information increases, and its morphological complexity also simultaneously increases [12] at a time and which
it is directly proportional with more letters. For all the above specified reasons conclude that the word length
becomes one of the important part to analysis the results of eye movements signals based on fixation time.
Analysis of the eye movement‟s signals becomes one of the interesting research areas and the modeling‟s of
information for eye movement‟s signals are straightforwardly associated with mental states of each reader. The
meaning of each word read by child is measured by using eye fixations [13]. Eye movements are well-known to
be there cognitively-controlled [14]. It consists of information about low-level behavioral examination of
interactive tasks [15] and well-matched task to characterize the textual information acquisition process
throughout exploration tasks .Much of the existing science information works concentrate an eye tracking
methods based on the number of eye fixations, for example to discover which information is most ranked in
search results pages [16-17] .
III. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
Based on the investigation and learning researches from earlier work, the assessment of eye
movement‟s signals plays major imperative role in experimental reading investigation. Our work majorly
focuses on the analysis of eye movement signals based on their information reader by each child, since
so since none of the research work mainly focuses on the analysis of the eye movement signals with word length
their corresponding frequency property. The major aim of this study is to discover different sequential and
spatial parameter away from entire fixation time .The number of fixation time is used to examine the word -
based performance period and neighborhood fixation pattern is used to distinguish among the several learning
disorders for dyslexic detection .From this analyzed eye movement‟s signal from wordnet based similarity
measure to extract most important features such as frequency and time domain features of eye movement signals
to perform dyslexia detection results using best basis-based wavelet packet entropy method. Proposed a
Improved Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) with PSO algorithm for dyslexia detection. Word
length and lexical frequency become one of the most significant factors are used to analysis the results of eye
movements. Word length verifies the values of fixation time and measures the number of fixation time for each
reading along with the number of words read by children. If the word length becomes longer, more number of
fixations are required to complete reading task. To measure the word length of the eye movement signals in this
work uses a wordnet based similarity measure where each child's word is considered as input from eye
movement signals. Each and every one of the children word length is separated into two parts such as medium
(6-7) and long letters (13-14) .Shorter word length is not considered for analysis of eye movement signals, since
it consist of less fixation time with patients , it becomes hard to analysis the eye movement signals with less
fixation time . Each and every one of the child's eye movement signals words is compared by measuring the
similarity among words it the similarity levels of each reader reaches medium at long time is considered as
dyslexia affected students.
3. Detection Of Dyslexia From Eye Movements…
22
Word Net, each meaning of a word from eye movement‟s readers is characterized by a unique
wordsense of the word, and a synset consists of group of wordsenses that having the similar meaning for eye
movement‟s signal. It consists of two third of nodes in WordNet it is known as synsets. Made following
assumption to analysis the eye movements signals using wordnet with edge lengths of the shortest path: (i) the
relation type of edge-edge nodes in the wordnet; (ii) the total number of word at end nodes (iii) the depth level
of end nodes for each nodes in the tree, and (iv) the maximum number of nodes in depth level for entire tree
structures.
(1)
where is a node on the shortest path in the entire word sentence of single eye movement user signal, is the
parent node of , is the average local density results of dyslexia user of entire eye movements signals, is
the local density of , is the maximum depth level analysis of dyslexia and non dyslexia of hierarchy
structure that and are in is the depth of , , depth factor, density factor, and edge type
factor, correspondingly,the relateness between the words from eye movement signals and that parent node
of that word from eye movements signals , is calculated by following equation,
(2)
where , , and , are the numbers of word length readied by children from eye movements signals
that contain , and both and , correspondingly. is different word of children , is a normalising
factor its value is greater than and The semantic relatedness among two attributes words in the same
eye movement signal can be calculated by the following equation:
(3)
where is the set of different nodes features in the shortest path among and ,that corresponds to
same user eye movement signal is the set of different nodes features in the shortest path without
parent , represents the number of nodes considered by .
Feature extraction using Best Basis-based Wavelet Packet Entropy (BBWPE)
WPT representation of EEG signals
The wavelet packet transform (WPT) can be viewed as a generalization of the classical wavelet transform,
which provides a multi-resolution and time–frequency analysis for eye movement signal. The wavelet packet
transform generates the full decomposition tree, as depicted in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Illustration of the wavelet packet decomposition.
The wavelet transform basis is indicated by gray ovals. The orthogonality of the basis functions allows the use
of an additive cost function to determine the optimal basis for data compression. An example of a possible best
basis is shown using white ovals. A low (L) and high (H) pass filter is repeatedly applied to the function f,
followed by decimation by 2, to produce a complete subband tree decomposition to some desired depth. The
low- and high-pass filters are generated using orthogonal basis functions [18]. Because WPT not only
4. Detection Of Dyslexia From Eye Movements…
23
decomposes the approximations of the signal but also details, it holds the important information located in
higher frequency components than WT in certain applications.
A wavelet packet is represented as a function (Shinde & Hou, 2004):
(4)
where i is the modulation parameter, j is the dilation parameter and is the translation parameter.
and is the level of decomposition in wavelet packet tree.
The wavelet is obtained by the following recursive relationships:
(5)
(6)
Here is called as a mother wavelet and the discrete filters are quadrature mirror filters
associated with the scaling function and the mother wavelet function.
The wavelet packet coefficients corresponding to the signal can be obtained as,
(7)
provided the wavelet coefficients satisfy the orthogonality condition. The wavelet packet component of the
signal at a particular node can be obtained as
(8)
The extracted wavelet coefficients provide a compact representation that shows the energy distribution of the
signal in time and frequency.
Wavelet packet entropy and best basis selection
The number of decompositions from a signal in different ways may be very large. An exhaustive search for the
optimal decomposition is not feasible, given the large number of possible binary subtrees decompositions.
Therefore, it is necessary to find an optimal decomposition by using a convenient algorithm. The best basis
selection provides a means for choosing the features which are best for classification based on various criteria.
The selection process is based on either (1) best representation of a given class of signals, or (2) best distinction
between classes [19]. Entropy is a common method in many fields, especially in signal processing applications.
Commonly, there are several useful entropy types such as Shannon, log energy, sure, threshold, etc. [20] for
calculating the lowest cost basis. Here only one of the most attractive cost functions Shannon entropy was
employed which is a measure of signal complexity to wavelet coefficients generated by WPT where larger
entropy values represent higher process uncertainty and therefore higher complexity. In wavelet entropy can
provide useful information about the underlying dynamical process associated with the signal. The entropy „E‟
must be an additive information cost function such that E(0) = 0 and
(9)
The entropy for the observed signal in lp norm with pP1 can be expressed as
(11)
And
(12)
The Shannon entropy is defined as
(13)
where represents coefficients of signal s in an orthonormal basis. If the entropy value is greater than one, the
component has a potential to reveal more information about the signal and it needs to be decomposed further in
5. Detection Of Dyslexia From Eye Movements…
24
order to obtain simple frequency component of the signal. By using the entropy, it gave a useful criterion for
comparing and selection the best basis.
The procedure of feature extraction
Given the signals, the best basis-based wavelet packet entropy feature extraction is obtained by performing the
following steps:
1. Select a wavelet function W and specify the decomposition level L
2. Calculate the sample mean SM
3. Decompose SM at the specified level with the selected wavelet function, and return a wavelet packet
tree T. Let Bl,k be the set of WPT basis vector,
4. Calculate energies for all subbands using
5. Set the initial basis related to the subbands at the bottom level.
6. Compare the entropy of a parent node with the sum of the entropy of two child nodes
. If then replace and by in
else set i.e., assign the sum of the children‟s entropy to the parent node.
7. Repeat (f) for the next higher level until the root is reached.
8. Select a sample from training set.
9. Decompose the sample to L using W.
10. Calculate wavelet coefficients in the corresponding best basis .
11. Calculate the wavelet coefficients to form a features
12. Repeat steps (8)–(11) for all samples.
Improved ANFIS model for Dyslexia detection
The proposed improved ANFIS model to detects dyslexia for each feature extraction results from Wavelet
packet entropy and best basis selection models. Generally Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)
consists of five layers such as input layer, fuzzy layer, product layer; defuzzify layer and output layer it was
used in earlier work [20] for several classification tasks. The training and testing of the parameters for dyslexia
detection becomes one of the major important issues in detection task, since the ANFIS parameters are based on
gradient function, it becomes hard to update the values of gradient function to each step of dyslexia detection. In
order to overcomes these problems proposed methods uses swarm intelligence based optimization method
PSO(Particle swarm optimization ) to optimist the parameters values of ANFIS to enhance the detection rate of
dyslexia in antecedent part and consequent parameters of ANFIS model is optimized using RLS. The proposed
improved ANFIS model is used to discover dyslexia detection for extracted features results from MAR. In this
work we use Takagi-Sugeno-Kang type fuzzy model [21] for dyslexia detection. It consists of two major parts
such as antecedent and consequent parts and the structure of ANFIS model is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system
Representation of ANFIS model is carried out using fuzzy if-then rules and it is characterize in the following
way:
if is and is then is is (14)
Layer1
Layer2
Layer3
Layer4
Layer5
X
X
6. Detection Of Dyslexia From Eye Movements…
25
where and are the input variables feature extraction results from best basis-based wavelet packet entropy
to the ANFIS. be the fuzzy membership set function to each rule and is the
dyslexia detection classification results for ith rule. Fuzzy set at layer for each feature vector result from
MAR and it has the form,
(15)
where denotes centre and be the measurement of correspondingly to detect the results of Dyslexia.
These parameters are known as antecedent parameters. Dyslexia detection results of ANFIS is obtained by
weighting the parameters values of subsequent parts of n rules through the equivalent membership evaluation,
(16)
Where
(17)
(16)
Where is the parameter set of ANFIS objective function and it is named as consequent parameters. As
discussed above the optimization of parameters values becomes one of the important problems in ANFIS model
to reduce the results of dyslexia, in order to overcome these problems the resultant part of parameters is
optimized using Dynamic spread factor PSO (DSF-PSO) is used in this paper [22]. The weight values of layer 2
and layer 3 are decreased linearly starting during dyslexia detection process. Since the appropriate
choice of the weight value only provides a best detection results among dyslexia and non-dyslexia children. The
illustration of DSF-PSO to optimize consequent parts of ANFIS is mathematically specified as,
(18)
(19)
where , and are given by
(20)
where and represent the location vector and velocity vector value for every parameters of ANFIS model
through -dimensional investigate space correspondingly. In equation represents the velocity of each
parameter in ANFIS models which present adequate information to optimize ANFIS parameters through the
examination in solution search space. There are two major parts presented in equation (20) ,there are first and
second parts .The initial part of the equation is used for approximation of the result of current feature vectors for
dyslexia detection, the second parts move towards to achieve best optimized ANFIS parameters for entire
training samples. From this optimized parameters dyslexia detection accuracy is enhanced in terms of
parameters like sensitivity, specificity and detection accuracy. The optimized ANFIS parameters results from
SFPSO are measured using spread factor with improved dyslexia detection rate than normal ANFIS model.
Similarly antecedent parts such as in ANFIS model for dyslexia detection is optimized through RLS
in . From it is known that,
(21)
7. Detection Of Dyslexia From Eye Movements…
26
Where
(22)
In this work use of non-weighted RLS to approximate the parameters are specified by
(23)
A Gaussian membership function measures the results of ANFIS model according to the fuzzy rule in .
A swarm with number of dyslexia features determination depends on the number of membership function for
each dyslexia feature vector data and used to obtain best possible number of rules for Dyslexia detection.
Therefore, the number of eye movements signals features in each particle determination depends on possible
number of antecedent parameters. In PSO algorithm the parameter values of ANFIS are optimized based on the
fitness function value. The parameter of the ANFIS model is predictable based on the mean squared error
function (MSE) for each eye movements signal features, it is represented as,
(24)
IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
In order to perform experimentation in this work the eye movement signals of 76 female students were
recorded by using iView 3.0 videooculography system in dept of Neurology, Charles University. The measured
results have been implemented in dark area. To measure the eye movement‟s signals of each student the screen
is placed away from 1 meter to each student. It is motivated to both verbal and four non-verbal tasks. Non
verbal task consists of browsing during period, taking an inspection of a movie. A verbal task belongs to reading
a particular text or information. To analysis the results of eye movement signals , additionally consider a set of
stimulus words that consists of information about word knowledge and word length which is one of the
normally used methods in now a day of examination the results of eye movement signals for continuous reading.
During this process each children were asked to study a high loudly words in each sentence reading to examine
the results of eye movements signals .At the same time to measure the results of detection accuracy we use the
following parameters such as sensitivity and specificity [23].
To evaluation performance of the ANFIS with BBWPE, ANFIS with MAR and ANN system the parameters
discussed below plays most important role to make final decision.
= True positive denotes when the results of experimentation is positive for a subject with dyslexia.
=false positive denotes when the results of experimentation is negative for a subject with dyslexia
= true negative denotes when the results of experimentation is negative for a subject without dyslexia
= false negative denotes when the results of experimentation is positive for a subject without dyslexia
Sensitivity
Sensitivity is also known as true positive rate (TPR), which estimate the percentage of actually classified data
corresponds to positive which are dyslexic subject‟s class .The sensitivity is defined as below:
(25)
Specificity
Specificity is also known as true negative rate (TNR) which estimates the percentage of actual classified data
corresponds to negatives which are nondyslexic subject‟s class. It measures the accuracy results of non-dyslexic
subjects and defines the percentage of appropriately classified nondyslexic subjects.
(26)
Accuracy
Accuracy is defined as the percentage of corrected class of the model and is summation of actual classification
parameters, ( separated by the total number of classification parameters (
(27)
8. Detection Of Dyslexia From Eye Movements…
27
P value estimation
The p-value estimation is used to analysis the results of classification that were the actual class which
are correctly classified as correctly dyslexia, make assuming that null hypothesis is true. A most of the
investigator rejects these values; their resultant p-value belongs to 0.05 or 0.01. It shows that the p-value of the
proposed ANFIS with BBWPF model is less than 0.01; detection rate of the proposed system is high than
existing ANFIS with BBWPE and ANN model. The above mentioned parameters results are shown in the
Figures 3, 4,5 and 6 .
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
SENSITIVITY
ANFIS-BBWPE ANFIS-MAR ANN
Figure 3: Sensitivity of dyslexia detection with classification
Figures 3 shows the sensitivity results of detection methods such as ANN, ANFIS with MAR and ANFIS with
BBWPE methods, it shows that proposed ANFIS-PSO have higher sensitivity rate than the existing ANFIS and
ANN , because of word length examination of eye movement signals.
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
SPECIFICITY
ANFIS-BBWPE ANFIS-MAR
Figure 4: Specificity of dyslexia detection with classification
Figures 4 shows the specificity results of detection methods such as ANN, ANFIS with MAR and ANFIS with
BBWPE, it shows that proposed ANFIS with BBWPE have lesser negative rate results than the existing ANN
and ANFIS with MAR, because of word length examination of eye movement signals.
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
Classificationaccuracy
ANFIS-BBWPE ANFIS-MAR ANN
Figure 5: Dyslexia detection with classification accuracy
Figure 5 measures detection accuracy rate of entire system between detection methods such as ANN, ANFIS
with MAR and ANFIS with BBWPE. Experimentation results shows that proposed ANFIS with BBWPE have
higher dyslexia detection results than existing ANN and ANFIS with MAR, because of word length examination
of eye movement signals.
9. Detection Of Dyslexia From Eye Movements…
28
Figure 6: Dyslexia detection With P-value
The p-value estimation is used to analysis the results of classification that were the actual class which
are correctly classified as correctly dyslexia, make assuming that null hypothesis is true. A most of the
investigator rejects these values; their resultant p-value belongs to 0.05 or 0.01. Proposed ANFIS with BBWPE
is nearly 0.01 , so the detection rate of proposed ANFIS with BBWPE is high when compared to existing ANN
and ANFIS with MAR.
V. CONCLUSION
Identification of dyslexia affected students turn into one of the major significant medical analytical
problem in now days; principally due to not have of the appropriate identification method. Without an analysis
of eye movement signals also simultaneously reduces the detection accuracy rate of dyslexia. In order to
overcome these problem current study uses as wordnet tool based similarity measure to analysis dyslexic
reading from eye movement analyses. The eye movement‟s signals of each subject are measured based on word
length measurement with wordnet tool. Reading is distinguished through the original fixations landing on the
start of a word; it is carried out from the left position of the word to the center position of the word. Once the
reading eye movement‟s signals are analyzed then proposed best basis-based wavelet packet entropy method to
extract features of dyslexia for each student data, and then perform dyslexia detection framework. ANFIS with
BBWPE has been modeled for dyslexia detection with a reduced number of rules in the membership function.
Experimentation confirmed that the proposed ANFIS with BBWPE model has good detection results than
ANFIS with MAR and ANN model in terms of sensitivity, specificity, accurateness and P-value. Hence,
proposed improved ANFIS with BBWPE methods optimize the number of generated rules to enhance dyslexia
detection rate.
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