Cognitive science is an effective approach for bringing mentally retarded person in to live normal way of life. Overcoming cognitive disorders involves initiating the growth of natural thinking. A large population in this world is suffering from cognitive disorders either less or more. Cognitive disorders can be of due to developmental issue or acquired from illness/accidental. Cognitive development can be achieved by natural therapy by stimulation of specific neuronal network which are involved in cognition. Brain based skills that involved in this make a complex task into simpler task. These skills show how we learn, how we think, how we remember and most importantly how we respond to a specific situation. For instance, perception is the recognition and interpretation of opinion or in what way you are taking problem and solving in which way because a single problem solved by different persons in different way of thinking. In such a situation it is very important to develop basic cognitive abilities in infants in its early developmental stage by providing necessary therapy in childhood. To bring this reality in society here an attempt will be made to design a virtual therapy device that will give the necessary exercises to the infants for growth of proper neural network i.e. brain development to overcome mental retardation and cognitive disorder.
UNIQUE APPROACH TO CONTROL SPEECH, SENSORY AND MOTOR NEURONAL DISORDER THROUG...ijnlc
Cognitive science is an effective approach for bringing amentally retarded person in to live normal way of life.Overcoming cognitive disorders involves initiating thegrowth of natural thinking. A large population in thisworld is suffering from cognitive disorders either less ormore. Cognitive disorders can be of due to developmental issue or acquired from illness/accidental. Cognitivedevelopment can be achieved by natural therapy by stimulation of specific neuronal network which are involved in cognition. Brain based skills that
involved inthis make a complex task into simpler task. These skillsshow how we learn, how we think, how we rememberand most importantly how we respond to a specific situation. For instance, perception is the recognition andinterpretation of opinion or in what way you are taking aproblem and solving in which way because a singleproblem solved by different persons in different way ofthinking. In such a situation it is very important to develop basic cognitive abilities in infants in its early developmental stage by providing necessary therapy inchildhood. To bring this reality in society here an attempt will be made to design a virtual therapy devicethat will give the necessary exercises to the infants forgrowth of proper neural
network i.e. brain developmentto overcome mental retardation and cognitive disorder.
Cognitive brain training is about giving the brain a workout or sending it to a brain gym to improve fitness levels.Thanks to technology, cognitive training has moved out of the psychologist’s office and online where web based software uses game based learning to improve a person’s cognitive abilities.
UNIQUE APPROACH TO CONTROL SPEECH, SENSORY AND MOTOR NEURONAL DISORDER THROUG...ijnlc
Cognitive science is an effective approach for bringing amentally retarded person in to live normal way of life.Overcoming cognitive disorders involves initiating thegrowth of natural thinking. A large population in thisworld is suffering from cognitive disorders either less ormore. Cognitive disorders can be of due to developmental issue or acquired from illness/accidental. Cognitivedevelopment can be achieved by natural therapy by stimulation of specific neuronal network which are involved in cognition. Brain based skills that
involved inthis make a complex task into simpler task. These skillsshow how we learn, how we think, how we rememberand most importantly how we respond to a specific situation. For instance, perception is the recognition andinterpretation of opinion or in what way you are taking aproblem and solving in which way because a singleproblem solved by different persons in different way ofthinking. In such a situation it is very important to develop basic cognitive abilities in infants in its early developmental stage by providing necessary therapy inchildhood. To bring this reality in society here an attempt will be made to design a virtual therapy devicethat will give the necessary exercises to the infants forgrowth of proper neural
network i.e. brain developmentto overcome mental retardation and cognitive disorder.
Cognitive brain training is about giving the brain a workout or sending it to a brain gym to improve fitness levels.Thanks to technology, cognitive training has moved out of the psychologist’s office and online where web based software uses game based learning to improve a person’s cognitive abilities.
A Comparison Study on the Perceptions of Public and Private primary School Te...iosrjce
Children born with complications or from mothers who had complicated pregnancies suffer brain
injuries of different types and magnitudes ranging from a small caput succedaneum to cerebral palsy. One of
the major parts that are subject to injuries is the brain due to high demand for oxygen. This ultimately affects
the neurodevelopment which manifest in challenges with memory, mastery and learning. In Zimbabwe, children
who succumb to birth trauma ultimately find their way into mainstream schools. The study sought to compare
and evaluate the perceptions of Bulawayo’s private and public primary school teachers towards learning
challenges of children who suffered birth trauma. A qualitative case study was done because it facilitated
exploration of phenomenon within its context, as well as its ability to permit the identification of longitudinal
change. The population of children who succumbed to birth trauma and attending mainstream schools was
followed up. Their teachers were also part of the study participants. Participants were purposively sampled.
Major findings were that teachers were not aware that some of the pupils in their classes were victims of
Traumatic Birth Injuries (TBI) and the children were struggling with their school work; most teaching in public
schools was teacher-centred, while teachers in private schools attempted to cater for individual needs.
Recommendations made include: need for proper assessment of children with a history of birth trauma to
inform classification; ensuring that teacher training be revised to integrate inclusive curricular for ev ery
general teacher trained for primary and secondary schools; revisiting the teacher-pupil ratio; secondment of
school psychologists at least in every district to ensure a reasonable psychologist-pupil ratio for proper
assessment of children with behavioural needs; need for the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education to
train neuropsychologists and to provide psychological batteries for assessment of children with
neuropsychological/behavioural problems in schools; and developing a comprehensive Monitoring and
Evaluation framework for the children with TBI
THE ASSESSMENT OF MULTI-TOUCH HAND GESTURES TOWARDS FINE MOTOR SKILLS AMONG P...ijma
ABSTRACT
This study aims to evaluate the usage of multi-touch hand gestures towards fine motor skills among preschool children. This study implements a mixed methods involving 30 pre-school children aged between 5 to 6 years old from Pusat Asuhan Tunas Islam as respondents for quantitative method and supported by interviewing teachers as qualitative method. The samples consist of multi-touch and single touch gestures groups, leading to a pre-test and a post-test of a Dot-to-dot activity after implementing the“ Mari Belajar Bentuk” mobile application. Findings indicate that the post-test mean and multi-touch gestures mean is higher than the pre-test mean and single-touch gesture mean respectively. This shows that the multi-touch hand gestures effects the fine motor skills development which is also supported by interview results. As for conclusion, the multi-touch hand gestures are an essential factor when designing mobile applications for pre-school children.
Get all the information you need about brain training and the most popular programs on the market. Learn how brain training can transform a child into a dynamic learner.
Cognition is one of seven early childhood developmental domains. The other domains are: language, social and emotional, self-help and adaptive, spiritual and moral, fine motor, and gross motor. Early cognitive abilities include processing sensory information, attention, thinking, memory, representational competence, nonlinguistic, and executive functions. It is well accepted that premature birth and low birthweight affect cognitive abilities. The four cognitive abilities which account for preterm and full-term differences on the Baylor mental development index (MDI) are attention, processing speed, memory, and representation competence.
Cognitive attention is vital for selecting and maintaining focus on perceived information experienced by the senses. Representational Competence is a complex ability directly related to the MDI. While Processing speed is indirectly related to the intelligence quotient (IQ), and Memory is also a complex ability directly related to MDI. The elementary abilities that play a pivotal role in executive functions are cognitive flexibility, self-regulation, cognitive planning, and problem solving. Attention and working memory are cognitive abilities associated with Executive control.
The Cascading Model shows that elementary infant information processing abilities influence complex infant abilities, also influence MDI scores at 2 and 3-years of age and preterm preadolescence children’s IQ. The Cascading Model revealed connected paths between cognitive abilities at birth and high complex information processes associated with IQ. Researchers have found that cognitive and neuropsychological characteristics of late preterm preschoolers born with complications are visuospatial, visuomotor, and executive function. Preterm IQ differences remain even after controlling for gender, socioeconomic status, race, and ethnicity.
Intellectual impairment slideshare by atfah juttAtfahJutt
A detailed presentation on the topic intellectual impairment,which includes its definition, causes, levels, curriculum, strategies and inhibits assessment and its conclusion.
10 Coping Strategies for Adults With Learning Disabilities in the Workplace.pdfMr. Business Magazine
Learning disabilities are quite common in adults. Especially in the fast-paced environment, the workplace demands quick-learning. In the professional realm,
TRANSDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO SPEECH THERAPY WITH CHILDREN WITH ALALIASubmissionResearchpa
The article discloses the practical side of the transdisciplinary approach in speech therapy work and rehabilitation of children with alalia. In diagnosing speech disorders, the author believes that the behavior of children with alalia is closely related to the physiological activity of the brain, that diagnosis of speech disorders based on EEG and neuropsychological methods, as well as knowledge of the insufficiency of individual brain structures, which is supported by data from electroencephalographic research, are important for speech therapists in complex rehabilitation. Binaural therapy (individual alpha balance correction program) was used for children after EEG diagnosis of their dominant alpha rhythm, which matched their dominant rhythm in the selected time interval by Karimova Shoira Tursunovna 2020. TRANSDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO SPEECH THERAPY WITH CHILDREN WITH ALALIA. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 8 (Sep. 2020), 238-241. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i8.574 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/574/549 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/574
Mindpriests Research & Development Pvt. Ltd. is a young organization, which believes that every child is unique and has enormous potential which can be developed and processed.
A Comparison Study on the Perceptions of Public and Private primary School Te...iosrjce
Children born with complications or from mothers who had complicated pregnancies suffer brain
injuries of different types and magnitudes ranging from a small caput succedaneum to cerebral palsy. One of
the major parts that are subject to injuries is the brain due to high demand for oxygen. This ultimately affects
the neurodevelopment which manifest in challenges with memory, mastery and learning. In Zimbabwe, children
who succumb to birth trauma ultimately find their way into mainstream schools. The study sought to compare
and evaluate the perceptions of Bulawayo’s private and public primary school teachers towards learning
challenges of children who suffered birth trauma. A qualitative case study was done because it facilitated
exploration of phenomenon within its context, as well as its ability to permit the identification of longitudinal
change. The population of children who succumbed to birth trauma and attending mainstream schools was
followed up. Their teachers were also part of the study participants. Participants were purposively sampled.
Major findings were that teachers were not aware that some of the pupils in their classes were victims of
Traumatic Birth Injuries (TBI) and the children were struggling with their school work; most teaching in public
schools was teacher-centred, while teachers in private schools attempted to cater for individual needs.
Recommendations made include: need for proper assessment of children with a history of birth trauma to
inform classification; ensuring that teacher training be revised to integrate inclusive curricular for ev ery
general teacher trained for primary and secondary schools; revisiting the teacher-pupil ratio; secondment of
school psychologists at least in every district to ensure a reasonable psychologist-pupil ratio for proper
assessment of children with behavioural needs; need for the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education to
train neuropsychologists and to provide psychological batteries for assessment of children with
neuropsychological/behavioural problems in schools; and developing a comprehensive Monitoring and
Evaluation framework for the children with TBI
THE ASSESSMENT OF MULTI-TOUCH HAND GESTURES TOWARDS FINE MOTOR SKILLS AMONG P...ijma
ABSTRACT
This study aims to evaluate the usage of multi-touch hand gestures towards fine motor skills among preschool children. This study implements a mixed methods involving 30 pre-school children aged between 5 to 6 years old from Pusat Asuhan Tunas Islam as respondents for quantitative method and supported by interviewing teachers as qualitative method. The samples consist of multi-touch and single touch gestures groups, leading to a pre-test and a post-test of a Dot-to-dot activity after implementing the“ Mari Belajar Bentuk” mobile application. Findings indicate that the post-test mean and multi-touch gestures mean is higher than the pre-test mean and single-touch gesture mean respectively. This shows that the multi-touch hand gestures effects the fine motor skills development which is also supported by interview results. As for conclusion, the multi-touch hand gestures are an essential factor when designing mobile applications for pre-school children.
Get all the information you need about brain training and the most popular programs on the market. Learn how brain training can transform a child into a dynamic learner.
Cognition is one of seven early childhood developmental domains. The other domains are: language, social and emotional, self-help and adaptive, spiritual and moral, fine motor, and gross motor. Early cognitive abilities include processing sensory information, attention, thinking, memory, representational competence, nonlinguistic, and executive functions. It is well accepted that premature birth and low birthweight affect cognitive abilities. The four cognitive abilities which account for preterm and full-term differences on the Baylor mental development index (MDI) are attention, processing speed, memory, and representation competence.
Cognitive attention is vital for selecting and maintaining focus on perceived information experienced by the senses. Representational Competence is a complex ability directly related to the MDI. While Processing speed is indirectly related to the intelligence quotient (IQ), and Memory is also a complex ability directly related to MDI. The elementary abilities that play a pivotal role in executive functions are cognitive flexibility, self-regulation, cognitive planning, and problem solving. Attention and working memory are cognitive abilities associated with Executive control.
The Cascading Model shows that elementary infant information processing abilities influence complex infant abilities, also influence MDI scores at 2 and 3-years of age and preterm preadolescence children’s IQ. The Cascading Model revealed connected paths between cognitive abilities at birth and high complex information processes associated with IQ. Researchers have found that cognitive and neuropsychological characteristics of late preterm preschoolers born with complications are visuospatial, visuomotor, and executive function. Preterm IQ differences remain even after controlling for gender, socioeconomic status, race, and ethnicity.
Similar to UNIQUE APPROACH TO CONTROL SPEECH, SENSORY AND MOTOR NEURONAL DISORDER THROUGH NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: A REVIEW
Intellectual impairment slideshare by atfah juttAtfahJutt
A detailed presentation on the topic intellectual impairment,which includes its definition, causes, levels, curriculum, strategies and inhibits assessment and its conclusion.
10 Coping Strategies for Adults With Learning Disabilities in the Workplace.pdfMr. Business Magazine
Learning disabilities are quite common in adults. Especially in the fast-paced environment, the workplace demands quick-learning. In the professional realm,
TRANSDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO SPEECH THERAPY WITH CHILDREN WITH ALALIASubmissionResearchpa
The article discloses the practical side of the transdisciplinary approach in speech therapy work and rehabilitation of children with alalia. In diagnosing speech disorders, the author believes that the behavior of children with alalia is closely related to the physiological activity of the brain, that diagnosis of speech disorders based on EEG and neuropsychological methods, as well as knowledge of the insufficiency of individual brain structures, which is supported by data from electroencephalographic research, are important for speech therapists in complex rehabilitation. Binaural therapy (individual alpha balance correction program) was used for children after EEG diagnosis of their dominant alpha rhythm, which matched their dominant rhythm in the selected time interval by Karimova Shoira Tursunovna 2020. TRANSDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO SPEECH THERAPY WITH CHILDREN WITH ALALIA. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 8 (Sep. 2020), 238-241. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i8.574 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/574/549 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/574
Mindpriests Research & Development Pvt. Ltd. is a young organization, which believes that every child is unique and has enormous potential which can be developed and processed.
Lola Nasretdinova talks about autism for the international conference on child disability issues, Bishkek, 1-3 March 2011, Kyrgyzstan.
Лола Насретдинова о спектре аутистических нарушений (на англ.) для международной конференции в Бишкеке 1-3 марта 2011 г.
Business Plan for a Healthcare OrganizationTwo main tasks.docxhumphrieskalyn
Business Plan for a Healthcare Organization
Two main tasks:
The first task is: Source of Revenue: An Increase in the Medicare Patient Population
The president of Gentiva Health Services is considering increasing her number of Medicare patients served next year. However, to do so she must begin to use RNs for client visits, which Medicare reimburses at $45 per visit. An RN costs $35 per hour versus the current cost of $15 for an LPN or nurse’s aide. The president believes she can increase her patient visits by 15% by accepting Medicare patients. She is also aware that if she increases her Medicare patients, the company’s administrative costs will increase by approximately $10,000 per year because of the claims file complexity.
Using the Gentiva Health Services Statement of Income http://investors.gentiva.com/financials.cfm, use the following volumes for your calculations:
Volume for the year:
· Flexible budget: 6,000 visits
· Static budget: 5,945 visits
· Actual budget: 5,889 visits
Prepare a two-page report that addresses the following:
1 How many more visits will the company generate if it accepts Medicare patients?
2 What would be the estimated profit or loss associated with the Medicare service line?
3 Would you recommend that Gentiva Health Services increase its number of Medicare patients served? Why or why not?
The second task is: Business Plan
Review the quarterly report and develop a business plan for the organization for its upcoming financial year. Be sure to include the following in your organized business plan:
· Organization segment
· Marketing segment
· Financial segment
· Projected cash flow statement
· Projected income statement
· Projected balance sheet
Feel free to take liberties with information needed that is not available in the report.
You may find the quarterly report at http://investors.gentiva.com/financials.cfm Include all required tasks for this assignment in a Word document.
Surname 7
How technology affects children
Student Name:
Professor’s name:
Course:
Date:
Introduction
Technology has been so close to the children in this century than any other time in the past. Thus, it is influencing them negatively and positively. The world is moving in a technology path and it is the responsibility the parent to ensure that children too are not in behind by ensuring that they have the right environment that will help them grow technological . However, the information the children learn can be good or bad to them and it depends on the internet and the sources they get the information. Therefore, it is upto the responsibility of the parent to determine the kind of information that their children get. Too much exposure to internet will allow them get the kind of information that can harm their psychology. In addition, when they remain and take much time watching television ...
Similar to UNIQUE APPROACH TO CONTROL SPEECH, SENSORY AND MOTOR NEURONAL DISORDER THROUGH NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: A REVIEW (20)
Effect of Query Formation on Web Search Engine Resultskevig
Query in a search engine is generally based on natural language. A query can be expressed in more than
one way without changing its meaning as it depends on thinking of human being at a particular moment.
Aim of the searcher is to get most relevant results immaterial of how the query has been expressed. In the
present paper, we have examined the results of search engine for change in coverage and similarity of first
few results when a query is entered in two semantically same but in different formats. Searching has been
made through Google search engine. Fifteen pairs of queries have been chosen for the study. The t-test has
been used for the purpose and the results have been checked on the basis of total documents found,
similarity of first five and first ten documents found in the results of a query entered in two different
formats. It has been found that the total coverage is same but first few results are significantly different.
Investigations of the Distributions of Phonemic Durations in Hindi and Dogrikevig
Speech generation is one of the most important areas of research in speech signal processing which is now gaining a serious attention. Speech is a natural form of communication in all living things. Computers with the ability to understand speech and speak with a human like voice are expected to contribute to the development of more natural man-machine interface. However, in order to give those functions that are even closer to those of human beings, we must learn more about the mechanisms by which speech is produced and perceived, and develop speech information processing technologies that can generate a more natural sounding systems. The so described field of stud, also called speech synthesis and more prominently acknowledged as text-to-speech synthesis, originated in the mid eighties because of the emergence of DSP and the rapid advancement of VLSI techniques. To understand this field of speech, it is necessary to understand the basic theory of speech production. Every language has different phonetic alphabets and a different set of possible phonemes and their combinations.
For the analysis of the speech signal, we have carried out the recording of five speakers in Dogri (3 male and 5 females) and eight speakers in Hindi language (4 male and 4 female). For estimating the durational distributions, the mean of mean of ten instances of vowels of each speaker in both the languages has been calculated. Investigations have shown that the two durational distributions differ significantly with respect to mean and standard deviation. The duration of phoneme is speaker dependent. The whole investigation can be concluded with the end result that almost all the Dogri phonemes have shorter duration, in comparison to Hindi phonemes. The period in milli seconds of same phonemes when uttered in Hindi were found to be longer compared to when they were spoken by a person with Dogri as his mother tongue. There are many applications which are directly of indirectly related to the research being carried out. For instance the main application may be for transforming Dogri speech into Hindi and vice versa, and further utilizing this application, we can develop a speech aid to teach Dogri to children. The results may also be useful for synthesizing the phonemes of Dogri using the parameters of the phonemes of Hindi and for building large vocabulary speech recognition systems.
May 2024 - Top10 Cited Articles in Natural Language Computingkevig
Natural Language Processing is a programmed approach to analyze text that is based on both a set of theories and a set of technologies. This forum aims to bring together researchers who have designed and build software that will analyze, understand, and generate languages that humans use naturally to address computers.
Effect of Singular Value Decomposition Based Processing on Speech Perceptionkevig
Speech is an important biological signal for primary mode of communication among human being and also the most natural and efficient form of exchanging information among human in speech. Speech processing is the most important aspect in signal processing. In this paper the theory of linear algebra called singular value decomposition (SVD) is applied to the speech signal. SVD is a technique for deriving important parameters of a signal. The parameters derived using SVD may further be reduced by perceptual evaluation of the synthesized speech using only perceptually important parameters, where the speech signal can be compressed so that the information can be transformed into compressed form without losing its quality. This technique finds wide applications in speech compression, speech recognition, and speech synthesis. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of SVD based feature selection of the input speech on the perception of the processed speech signal. The speech signal which is in the form of vowels \a\, \e\, \u\ were recorded from each of the six speakers (3 males and 3 females). The vowels for the six speakers were analyzed using SVD based processing and the effect of the reduction in singular values was investigated on the perception of the resynthesized vowels using reduced singular values. Investigations have shown that the number of singular values can be drastically reduced without significantly affecting the perception of the vowels.
Identifying Key Terms in Prompts for Relevance Evaluation with GPT Modelskevig
Relevance evaluation of a query and a passage is essential in Information Retrieval (IR). Recently, numerous studies have been conducted on tasks related to relevance judgment using Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4,
demonstrating significant improvements. However, the efficacy of LLMs is considerably influenced by the design of the prompt. The purpose of this paper is to
identify which specific terms in prompts positively or negatively impact relevance
evaluation with LLMs. We employed two types of prompts: those used in previous
research and generated automatically by LLMs. By comparing the performance of
these prompts in both few-shot and zero-shot settings, we analyze the influence of
specific terms in the prompts. We have observed two main findings from our study.
First, we discovered that prompts using the term ‘answer’ lead to more effective
relevance evaluations than those using ‘relevant.’ This indicates that a more direct
approach, focusing on answering the query, tends to enhance performance. Second,
we noted the importance of appropriately balancing the scope of ‘relevance.’ While
the term ‘relevant’ can extend the scope too broadly, resulting in less precise evaluations, an optimal balance in defining relevance is crucial for accurate assessments.
The inclusion of few-shot examples helps in more precisely defining this balance.
By providing clearer contexts for the term ‘relevance,’ few-shot examples contribute
to refine relevance criteria. In conclusion, our study highlights the significance of
carefully selecting terms in prompts for relevance evaluation with LLMs.
Identifying Key Terms in Prompts for Relevance Evaluation with GPT Modelskevig
Relevance evaluation of a query and a passage is essential in Information Retrieval (IR). Recently, numerous studies have been conducted on tasks related to relevance judgment using Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4, demonstrating significant improvements. However, the efficacy of LLMs is considerably influenced by the design of the prompt. The purpose of this paper is to identify which specific terms in prompts positively or negatively impact relevance evaluation with LLMs. We employed two types of prompts: those used in previous research and generated automatically by LLMs. By comparing the performance of these prompts in both few-shot and zero-shot settings, we analyze the influence of specific terms in the prompts. We have observed two main findings from our study. First, we discovered that prompts using the term ‘answer’ lead to more effective relevance evaluations than those using ‘relevant.’ This indicates that a more direct approach, focusing on answering the query, tends to enhance performance. Second, we noted the importance of appropriately balancing the scope of ‘relevance.’ While the term ‘relevant’ can extend the scope too broadly, resulting in less precise evaluations, an optimal balance in defining relevance is crucial for accurate assessments. The inclusion of few-shot examples helps in more precisely defining this balance. By providing clearer contexts for the term ‘relevance,’ few-shot examples contribute to refine relevance criteria. In conclusion, our study highlights the significance of carefully selecting terms in prompts for relevance evaluation with LLMs.
In recent years, great advances have been made in the speed, accuracy, and coverage of automatic word
sense disambiguator systems that, given a word appearing in a certain context, can identify the sense of
that word. In this paper we consider the problem of deciding whether same words contained in different
documents are related to the same meaning or are homonyms. Our goal is to improve the estimate of the
similarity of documents in which some words may be used with different meanings. We present three new
strategies for solving this problem, which are used to filter out homonyms from the similarity computation.
Two of them are intrinsically non-semantic, whereas the other one has a semantic flavor and can also be
applied to word sense disambiguation. The three strategies have been embedded in an article document
recommendation system that one of the most important Italian ad-serving companies offers to its customers.
Genetic Approach For Arabic Part Of Speech Taggingkevig
With the growing number of textual resources available, the ability to understand them becomes critical.
An essential first step in understanding these sources is the ability to identify the parts-of-speech in each
sentence. Arabic is a morphologically rich language, which presents a challenge for part of speech
tagging. In this paper, our goal is to propose, improve, and implement a part-of-speech tagger based on a
genetic algorithm. The accuracy obtained with this method is comparable to that of other probabilistic
approaches.
Rule Based Transliteration Scheme for English to Punjabikevig
Machine Transliteration has come out to be an emerging and a very important research area in the field of
machine translation. Transliteration basically aims to preserve the phonological structure of words. Proper
transliteration of name entities plays a very significant role in improving the quality of machine translation.
In this paper we are doing machine transliteration for English-Punjabi language pair using rule based
approach. We have constructed some rules for syllabification. Syllabification is the process to extract or
separate the syllable from the words. In this we are calculating the probabilities for name entities (Proper
names and location). For those words which do not come under the category of name entities, separate
probabilities are being calculated by using relative frequency through a statistical machine translation
toolkit known as MOSES. Using these probabilities we are transliterating our input text from English to
Punjabi.
Improving Dialogue Management Through Data Optimizationkevig
In task-oriented dialogue systems, the ability for users to effortlessly communicate with machines and computers through natural language stands as a critical advancement. Central to these systems is the dialogue manager, a pivotal component tasked with navigating the conversation to effectively meet user goals by selecting the most appropriate response. Traditionally, the development of sophisticated dialogue management has embraced a variety of methodologies, including rule-based systems, reinforcement learning, and supervised learning, all aimed at optimizing response selection in light of user inputs. This research casts a spotlight on the pivotal role of data quality in enhancing the performance of dialogue managers. Through a detailed examination of prevalent errors within acclaimed datasets, such as Multiwoz 2.1 and SGD, we introduce an innovative synthetic dialogue generator designed to control the introduction of errors precisely. Our comprehensive analysis underscores the critical impact of dataset imperfections, especially mislabeling, on the challenges inherent in refining dialogue management processes.
Document Author Classification using Parsed Language Structurekevig
Over the years there has been ongoing interest in detecting authorship of a text based on statistical properties of the text, such as by using occurrence rates of noncontextual words. In previous work, these techniques have been used, for example, to determine authorship of all of The Federalist Papers. Such methods may be useful in more modern times to detect fake or AI authorship. Progress in statistical natural language parsers introduces the possibility of using grammatical structure to detect authorship. In this paper we explore a new possibility for detecting authorship using grammatical structural information extracted using a statistical natural language parser. This paper provides a proof of concept, testing author classification based on grammatical structure on a set of “proof texts,” The Federalist Papers and Sanditon which have been as test cases in previous authorship detection studies. Several features extracted from the statisticalnaturallanguage parserwere explored: all subtrees of some depth from any level; rooted subtrees of some depth, part of speech, and part of speech by level in the parse tree. It was found to be helpful to project the features into a lower dimensional space. Statistical experiments on these documents demonstrate that information from a statistical parser can, in fact, assist in distinguishing authors.
Rag-Fusion: A New Take on Retrieval Augmented Generationkevig
Infineon has identified a need for engineers, account managers, and customers to rapidly obtain product information. This problem is traditionally addressed with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) chatbots, but in this study, I evaluated the use of the newly popularized RAG-Fusion method. RAG-Fusion combines RAG and reciprocal rank fusion (RRF) by generating multiple queries, reranking them with reciprocal scores and fusing the documents and scores. Through manually evaluating answers on accuracy, relevance, and comprehensiveness, I found that RAG-Fusion was able to provide accurate and comprehensive answers due to the generated queries contextualizing the original query from various perspectives. However, some answers strayed off topic when the generated queries' relevance to the original query is insufficient. This research marks significant progress in artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP) applications and demonstrates transformations in a global and multi-industry context.
Performance, Energy Consumption and Costs: A Comparative Analysis of Automati...kevig
The common practice in Machine Learning research is to evaluate the top-performing models based on their performance. However, this often leads to overlooking other crucial aspects that should be given careful consideration. In some cases, the performance differences between various approaches may be insignificant, whereas factors like production costs, energy consumption, and carbon footprint should be taken into account. Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in academia and industry to address NLP problems. In this study, we present a comprehensive quantitative comparison between traditional approaches (SVM-based) and more recent approaches such as LLM (BERT family models) and generative models (GPT2 and LLAMA2), using the LexGLUE benchmark. Our evaluation takes into account not only performance parameters (standard indices), but also alternative measures such as timing, energy consumption and costs, which collectively contribute to the carbon footprint. To ensure a complete analysis, we separately considered the prototyping phase (which involves model selection through training-validation-test iterations) and the in-production phases. These phases follow distinct implementation procedures and require different resources. The results indicate that simpler algorithms often achieve performance levels similar to those of complex models (LLM and generative models), consuming much less energy and requiring fewer resources. These findings suggest that companies should consider additional considerations when choosing machine learning (ML) solutions. The analysis also demonstrates that it is increasingly necessary for the scientific world to also begin to consider aspects of energy consumption in model evaluations, in order to be able to give real meaning to the results obtained using standard metrics (Precision, Recall, F1 and so on).
Evaluation of Medium-Sized Language Models in German and English Languagekevig
Large language models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention, but the definition of “large” lacks clarity. This paper focuses on medium-sized language models (MLMs), defined as having at least six billion parameters but less than 100 billion. The study evaluates MLMs regarding zero-shot generative question answering, which requires models to provide elaborate answers without external document retrieval. The paper introduces an own test dataset and presents results from human evaluation. Results show that combining the best answers from different MLMs yielded an overall correct answer rate of 82.7% which is better than the 60.9% of ChatGPT. The best MLM achieved 71.8% and has 33B parameters, which highlights the importance of using appropriate training data for fine-tuning rather than solely relying on the number of parameters. More fine-grained feedback should be used to further improve the quality of answers. The open source community is quickly closing the gap to the best commercial models.
IMPROVING DIALOGUE MANAGEMENT THROUGH DATA OPTIMIZATIONkevig
In task-oriented dialogue systems, the ability for users to effortlessly communicate with machines and
computers through natural language stands as a critical advancement. Central to these systems is the
dialogue manager, a pivotal component tasked with navigating the conversation to effectively meet user
goals by selecting the most appropriate response. Traditionally, the development of sophisticated dialogue
management has embraced a variety of methodologies, including rule-based systems, reinforcement
learning, and supervised learning, all aimed at optimizing response selection in light of user inputs. This
research casts a spotlight on the pivotal role of data quality in enhancing the performance of dialogue
managers. Through a detailed examination of prevalent errors within acclaimed datasets, such as
Multiwoz 2.1 and SGD, we introduce an innovative synthetic dialogue generator designed to control the
introduction of errors precisely. Our comprehensive analysis underscores the critical impact of dataset
imperfections, especially mislabeling, on the challenges inherent in refining dialogue management
processes.
Document Author Classification Using Parsed Language Structurekevig
Over the years there has been ongoing interest in detecting authorship of a text based on statistical properties of the
text, such as by using occurrence rates of noncontextual words. In previous work, these techniques have been used,
for example, to determine authorship of all of The Federalist Papers. Such methods may be useful in more modern
times to detect fake or AI authorship. Progress in statistical natural language parsers introduces the possibility of
using grammatical structure to detect authorship. In this paper we explore a new possibility for detecting authorship
using grammatical structural information extracted using a statistical natural language parser. This paper provides a
proof of concept, testing author classification based on grammatical structure on a set of “proof texts,” The Federalist
Papers and Sanditon which have been as test cases in previous authorship detection studies. Several features extracted
of some depth, part of speech, and part of speech by level in the parse tree. It was found to be helpful to project the
features into a lower dimensional space. Statistical experiments on these documents demonstrate that information
from a statistical parser can, in fact, assist in distinguishing authors.
RAG-FUSION: A NEW TAKE ON RETRIEVALAUGMENTED GENERATIONkevig
Infineon has identified a need for engineers, account managers, and customers to rapidly obtain product
information. This problem is traditionally addressed with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) chatbots,
but in this study, I evaluated the use of the newly popularized RAG-Fusion method. RAG-Fusion combines
RAG and reciprocal rank fusion (RRF) by generating multiple queries, reranking them with reciprocal
scores and fusing the documents and scores. Through manually evaluating answers on accuracy,
relevance, and comprehensiveness, I found that RAG-Fusion was able to provide accurate and
comprehensive answers due to the generated queries contextualizing the original query from various
perspectives. However, some answers strayed off topic when the generated queries' relevance to the
original query is insufficient. This research marks significant progress in artificial intelligence (AI) and
natural language processing (NLP) applications and demonstrates transformations in a global and multiindustry context
Performance, energy consumption and costs: a comparative analysis of automati...kevig
The common practice in Machine Learning research is to evaluate the top-performing models based on their
performance. However, this often leads to overlooking other crucial aspects that should be given careful
consideration. In some cases, the performance differences between various approaches may be insignificant, whereas factors like production costs, energy consumption, and carbon footprint should be taken into
account. Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in academia and industry to address NLP problems. In this study, we present a comprehensive quantitative comparison between traditional approaches
(SVM-based) and more recent approaches such as LLM (BERT family models) and generative models (GPT2 and LLAMA2), using the LexGLUE benchmark. Our evaluation takes into account not only performance
parameters (standard indices), but also alternative measures such as timing, energy consumption and costs,
which collectively contribute to the carbon footprint. To ensure a complete analysis, we separately considered the prototyping phase (which involves model selection through training-validation-test iterations) and
the in-production phases. These phases follow distinct implementation procedures and require different resources. The results indicate that simpler algorithms often achieve performance levels similar to those of
complex models (LLM and generative models), consuming much less energy and requiring fewer resources.
These findings suggest that companies should consider additional considerations when choosing machine
learning (ML) solutions. The analysis also demonstrates that it is increasingly necessary for the scientific
world to also begin to consider aspects of energy consumption in model evaluations, in order to be able to
give real meaning to the results obtained using standard metrics (Precision, Recall, F1 and so on).
EVALUATION OF MEDIUM-SIZED LANGUAGE MODELS IN GERMAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGEkevig
Large language models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention, but the definition of “large” lacks
clarity. This paper focuses on medium-sized language models (MLMs), defined as having at least six
billion parameters but less than 100 billion. The study evaluates MLMs regarding zero-shot generative
question answering, which requires models to provide elaborate answers without external document
retrieval. The paper introduces an own test dataset and presents results from human evaluation. Results
show that combining the best answers from different MLMs yielded an overall correct answer rate of
82.7% which is better than the 60.9% of ChatGPT. The best MLM achieved 71.8% and has 33B
parameters, which highlights the importance of using appropriate training data for fine-tuning rather than
solely relying on the number of parameters. More fine-grained feedback should be used to further improve
the quality of answers. The open source community is quickly closing the gap to the best commercial
models.
Natural Language Processing is a programmed approach to analyze text that is based on both a set of theories and a set of technologies. This forum aims to bring together researchers who have designed and build software that will analyze, understand, and generate languages that humans use naturally to address computers.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
UNIQUE APPROACH TO CONTROL SPEECH, SENSORY AND MOTOR NEURONAL DISORDER THROUGH NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: A REVIEW
1. International Journal on Natural Language Computing (IJNLC) Vol.7, No.5, October 2018
DOI: 10.5121/ijnlc.2018.7506 59
UNIQUE APPROACH TO CONTROL SPEECH,
SENSORY AND MOTOR NEURONAL DISORDER
THROUGH NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING AND
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: A REVIEW
Vinay Kumar Pandey, Angana Saikia, Sudip Paul
Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University Shillong, India.
ABSTRACT
Cognitive science is an effective approach for bringing mentally retarded person in to live normal way of
life. Overcoming cognitive disorders involves initiating the growth of natural thinking. A large population
in this world is suffering from cognitive disorders either less or more. Cognitive disorders can be of due to
developmental issue or acquired from illness/accidental. Cognitive development can be achieved by natural
therapy by stimulation of specific neuronal network which are involved in cognition. Brain based skills that
involved in this make a complex task into simpler task. These skills show how we learn, how we think, how
we remember and most importantly how we respond to a specific situation. For instance, perception is the
recognition and interpretation of opinion or in what way you are taking problem and solving in which way
because a single problem solved by different persons in different way of thinking. In such a situation it is
very important to develop basic cognitive abilities in infants in its early developmental stage by providing
necessary therapy in childhood. To bring this reality in society here an attempt will be made to design a
virtual therapy device that will give the necessary exercises to the infants for growth of proper neural
network i.e. brain development to overcome mental retardation and cognitive disorder.
KEYWORDS
Cognitive Disorders and Therapy, Neuronal Network, Motor Neurons.
1. INTRODUCTION
The study of neurophysiology in the field of cognitive science domain has been intense since last
few decades having various strategies but it has attained a limited success [1]. Because of the fact
it has a wide variety of difficulties which is difficult to solve due to complexity and diversity of
the knowledge and problems confronted. To resolve these problems one common approach is
connectionist approach in which neuronal network adjust them with respect to threshold value
and connection weights. Natural cognitive development process plays a key role in growing
children and adults [2]. It will create a common way of general thinking, memory and situation
reaction abilities. This can be achieved by appointing a specific cognitive therapist teacher in each
and every school so that necessary exercise for brain development should be provided to the
infants during school hours as course curriculum. This is a new initiative that should be started by
the government to overcome these disorders. Implementing speech and cognitive therapist in
school settings not only helping developing cognition but also helps in enhancing the academic
2. International Journal on Natural Language Computing (IJNLC) Vol.7, No.5, October 2018
60
performance. This study is based upon the application of early childhood therapy in improving
the cognitive and language processing ability of infants during school days as a course
curriculum. There are an increasing number of mentally retarded or parallelized patients from
infants and adults who are unable to work or responding basic fields of life [3]. The
developmental disabilities like mental retardation, cerebral palsy, oral motor disorder, sensory
disorders, communication disorders, hyperactive disorder, learning disorder, emotional disorder
and cognitive disorder accounts approximately 15% of child population [4].Among these cerebral
palsy and cognitive disorders are more common and they needing long term care for treatment.
Indian government is has been taken attention in this field from last few years by establishing
composite regional centers in regions like- Ranchi, Lucknow, Jaipur, Chennai and more. The
ministry of social justice and empowerment has opened some institutions like NIEPMD, Chennai
and NISH Thiruvananthapuram to work in this field. There is an increasing pressure on these
institutes to provide effective treatment. Because this needs long term care so the cost of
treatment also increases from parent and institutional point of view [5]. So, it will be a better
option to provide then either a virtual environment that will provide necessary therapy to the child
in home premises so that the cost of treatment and effectiveness can be improved.
2. SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES SPEECH LANGUAGE AND COGNITIVE DISORDER
Children having speech language and cognitive disorder are having one are more symptoms
depending on severity of the problem. These problems can be of understanding, expression or
issue with spoken and written interpersonal communication that are known as the visible
symptoms of speech language disorder. Language impairment may occur with other
developmental disorder and acquired accidental disabilities like aphasia, apraxia, dysarthria etc.
Developmental speech and language disorder is most commonly seen in preschool children and
infants. This affects learning ability which is caused by brain functional activity as a result child
face trouble in producing speech, language and communicative skills. Early speech and language
problems are one of the early symptoms of the learning disability that has been found with
hearing loss and delayed speech. Premature birth, intellectual disability, developmental delays,
cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy and traumatic brain injury can affect normal speech and
cognition of child. Neurological problems associated with cognitive disorders are seizure disorder
33%-50%, mental retardation 50%-70%, learning disorder 60%-70%, dysarthria 50%, behavioral
problems, speech, swallow and breathing disorders and sleep disturbances [6]. The first and
foremost sign of cognitive disability is developmental delay i.e. language, walking and self-care
skills. After some time when child starts his school at that time he might have trouble in reading
and doing mathematics.
3. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Children in age group of 6 years to 12 years normally start thinking in solid and concrete manner
in order to combine words i.e. how to speak in a meaningful way by separating and transforming
object and actions. This cognition process grows with time and experience. Cognitive
development is stage based development that continues to grow from early childhood to
adulthood. Theses stages are defined as neural architecture or cognitive structure in which child is
able to respond to different types of stimuli from environment. Cognitive structure describes the
classes of children activities psychological as well as behavioral. The various theories of
cognitive development say that these skills grow through a series of stages which can be
differentiated qualitatively [7]. The developmental process depends upon various parameters like
3. International Journal on Natural Language Computing (IJNLC) Vol.7, No.5, October 2018
61
nutrition, environment and early childhood care because child is very sensitive to the environment
and tries to cop up with the present environment. In this way he develops new infrastructure and
organization of neural network. In the sensory motor stage the child behavior is not thoughtful
that means he does not think what he is doing or going to do according to situation. Adulthood
and adolescence stage child will be able to think and respond accordingly.
4. UTILITY OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY IN ENHANCING COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT
Modern day’s children’s growth of skills are influenced by technologically developed electronic
devices environment. These devices plays important role in day to day life and may affect natural
consequence. They are interested in playing games either with devices or with same age group
children but present scenario restrict them to play within home premises as the parents don’t want
to send him outside. By utilizing these favorable conditions in useful means we can protect our
child from speech language and cognitive disorder. With the increasing number of mobile and
other hand held device users a new solution of physical therapy are being sought in the field of
therapy [8]. This can be done by using these devices to provide therapy to the child in a reliable
and cost effective manner. Android and ios apps will be the best platform as most of the people
are having mobile phone so mobile health solution is the best candidate for this purpose. In this
review we identified the android platform have suitable potential for therapeutic application.
5. PROPOSED FEATURES OF MOBILE APPS WHICH WILL SUPPORT
COGNITIVE THERAPY
Effectiveness and acceptability is the key of this research. Mobile apps that are being developed
will support computer based therapy or mobile based therapy with encompassing the barriers of
the clinical therapy [9]. The device should be able to provide the central goal of the therapy,
acceptable to both therapist and patient, appropriate to sociocultural context [10], practiced in
small sessions to improve skills, doable, small in size, suitable to objective, include demo videos
along with audio and text instructions, include backup of previous sessions, produce report of
each session including time duration, whole day summary report of all sessions. In addition to
that it should have provided reward points after successful completion of each session. With all
these we calculated the minimum features of the app are:-
1. Compatible to therapy
2. Promote learning and other skills
3. Guiding therapy or demo therapy
4. Building connections
5. Encourage completion
6. Affordable to all
7. Population specific
4. International Journal on Natural Language Computing (IJNLC) Vol.7, No.5, October 2018
62
5.1 COMPATIBLE TO THERAPY
Any Therapeutic intervention should have to meet central goal of the therapy. Mobile apps have
to give useful content which are compatible to the therapy for which they are designed. There are
different types of therapy that can be accessed at home which are dependent on the nature of
disorder is being treated, target and stage of disorder. These records can be used in other
treatment like, oral motor, anxiety and depression. This module will provide treatments to
cognitive disorder, and other motor neuronal disorders more or less.
5.2 PROMOTE LEARNING AND OTHER SKILLS
Cognitive development via therapy takes time and effort to grow normal thinking ability. If
patient or child feels any difficulty in or any sense of inconvenience in doing exercise then he will
not complete the session resulting a low efficiency of app or device. Therefore task should be
simple, attractive and short in duration and having some motivational rewards. Many apps are
having ability to send the auto generated report to the clinician that will be the extra feature of the
apps/device.
5.3 GUIDING THERAPY OR DEMO THERAPY
Like a therapist the apps will also play an important role in guiding, motivating and instructions
to the patient before starting of therapy as a demo session. If we will not provide proper
instructions then the patient don’t know what to do and how to do that will influence the rationale
of the apps. While giving demo session we should be always careful so that the patient should not
feel bored. Individuals using internet feedback based therapy that have shown good response in
treatments of post-traumatic stress disorder [11], obsessive compulsive disorder [12], chronic pain
[13], depression [14], and stress mitigation [15].
5.4 BUILDING CONNECTIONS
The apps should be able to interact with similar programs and devices. The team of device/apps,
therapist/clinic and patient make a strong prediction of future needs and requirement of the
treatment. Till date there is no adverse effect of app/device based therapy [16, 17]. More
significantly the greatest advantage of this is that it can be updated from anywhere and can be
added more features. This can be shared to the suffering peoples via using app share or any other
sharing tools.
5.5 ENCOURAGE COMPLETION
All user needs immediate effect that will attract him to do otherwise they don’t want to do or
discourage him. In this scenario, it is important for both mobile app and clinician to encourage
him to complete the session. During session app will show achieved this level, first round
completed and graphical feedback to motivate him [18, 19] so that they are curious to get next
level of task.
5. International Journal on Natural Language Computing (IJNLC) Vol.7, No.5, October 2018
63
5.6 AFFORDABLE TO ALL
The mobile app or device should be affordable to all i.e. it should have low cost or freely
available to all without any cost. If we are charging for that then economically backward class of
society will be unable to get these facilities that will be the barrier in popularity of this mobile
app.
5.7 POPULATION SPECIFIC
This app is exclusively designed for growing child of 3 years to 8 years of age group taking into
the account of specific characteristics of the target as cognitive development. A specific app
designed specifically for stress management by Chinese international students which incorporates
social and cultural features in gaming format [20]. In which gaming activity is applied for the
treatment of breathing problems with the concept of natural energy. Another gaming device
focusing on autism spectrum disorder uses multi touch approach to teach concepts of
conversation and social collaboration. In all these touch screen based games offer stimulated
activities to the children who have difficulties in peer engagement can collaborate to accomplish
tasks [21]. Children involved in this treatment process have shown good improvement in social
collaboration and better understanding of things.
6. LIMITATIONS
All the app features are taken on the basis of current days problems that are faced by the patient
during therapy. As the technological advancement the features of the app may change according
to the need and requirement of therapy exercises. These apps can be made more powerful by
implementing the concept of artificial intelligence and emotional sensing.
7. CONCLUSION
This present study is based on idea and opinion of various parents of children, researchers,
clinicians, doctors, and which is supported by extensive literature review. The basic features of
the mobile app listed in this paper are the key characteristics of therapy related apps that are
supposed to be used in treatment of cognitive development and neuronal development. The
development of such type of apps are under process that will take some time to get available in
the market randomized testing and impact of therapy by using this app will be done at later stage.
Some health related therapy apps and device are now available in developed countries that
motivated us to work in this field that will be directly useful for society and disabled child.
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AUTHORS
Mr. Vinay Kumar Pandey is currently working as Ph.D Research Scholar in
Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong,
Meghalaya India. He completed his maters in VLSI from North Eastern Regional
Institute of Science And Technology, Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh, and graduated
in electronics and communication engineering from Gautum Buddha Technical
University Lucknow. The paper entitled “Unique Approach to Control Speech,
Sensory and Motor Neuronal Disorder through Natural Language Processing and
Cognitive Development: A Review”.This paper is review of differently abled
children with speech language and cognitive problem. I am grateful to my PhD
supervisor Dr. Sudip Paul for inspiring me to do the research in this field.
Angana Saikia: She is currently pursuing her PhD in the Department of
Biomedical Engineering, NEHU, Shillong. Previously she was working as a
Senior Research Fellow (SRF) Department of Biomedical Engineering, NEHU,
Shillong. She completed her B.E in Applied Electronics and Instrumentation from
Guwahati University, Assam, in 2011 and her M-Tech in Bioelectronics from
Tezpur Central University, Assam, India in 2014. Presently she is pursuing her
PhD from Department of Biomedical Engineering, NEHU, Shillong.
Dr. Sudip Paul: He is currently working as Assistant Professor in the
Department of Biomedical Engineering, NEHU, Shillong. He completed his B-
Tech in Biomedical Engineering from West Bengal University of Technology,
India in 2007 and M-Tech in Biomedical Engineering from Banaras Hindu
University, India in 2009. He completed his PhD from IIT (BHU). He has
several research papers in reputed journals in the field of Electrophysiology,
Biomedical Instrumentation, Biomedical Signal Processing, Artificial Organ and
Rehabilitation System