Some children have specific language impairment (SLI) where they have problems understanding or producing language despite having no obvious medical cause. While their language issues may seem less severe as they age, formal testing still reveals difficulties. These children are often referred to audiologists to rule out hearing loss, but their hearing is typically normal. Some researchers have proposed that SLI could be caused by problems in higher-level auditory processing, but tests for auditory processing disorder (APD) are problematic because they often rely on language and can be influenced by other issues like attention. It is difficult to distinguish true auditory processing difficulties from higher-level language or cognitive impairments. Many children with listening problems actually meet criteria for neurodevelopmental