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Keiichiro
Ono
Bioinformatics
Summit 2014
4/11/2014
Cytoscape
Tutorial 2: Advanced Topics
- Effective Visualization with Cytoscape
- Use Cytoscape with external data
analysis tools
- Cytoscape and The Web
Part 2: Agenda
- This section is a bit conceptual
rather than practical, but it is
very important to understand
before creating actual data
visualizations
Part 2: Agenda
Effective
Visualization
Now, you know…
- Basic features of Cytoscape
- How to load network / table data
- Basic Analysis / Filtering
- Layout
- Edit Visual Styles
- Ready to create great visualizations!
YPL201C YPL211W YML007WYPL131W YOR327CYDR171W YCL067C
YGL208WYER074WYBL050W YLR134WYPL149W
YDR050C YMR311CYGL134W YBR112CYKL101W YNL199C
YPL222W
YLR264W
YNL098C
YLL028W
YOR039W YNL135C YPR041WYDR174W YIL074C YKL028W
YIL162W
YNL189W
YOR212W
YPR080W
YPR145W
YLL019C
YLR284CYPL031C YFR037CYML074C YPL240CYPR048W YBR274W YBR050C YML032C
YJR022WYBR248C YDR382W YER081WYIR009W YDR244W YOL016C
YER103W YGR058WYLR256WYAL003W YOR355WYIL061C YER111C YMR309C
YPL248CYBR019CYLR362W YGL035CYPR167C YML123C
YBL026WYNL091W YOR178C YIL113WYLR321C YML064C YMR117C YDL194WYNR007C
YOL058WYBR045CYER065CYNL167C YGL097WYHR071W YDL078C YDL081CYDR354W
YER145C YGR136WYDR311W YPR119WYER112W YLR214W
YER143W YBR043CYKL204W
YGR019WYEL041W YER133W
YBR118WYAL038W YDR167WYMR058WYER079W YMR291W
YKL012W YDL113CYDR299W YDL075W YDL236WYLR377C YNL145W
YNL236W
YOL156W
YGL013C
YHR171W
YMR021C YFL038C
YER090WYPR062W YAR007C YNL307CYML024WYDR335W YLR075W
YNL050CYGR046W YAL040CYLR191W YMR138WYIL045W YHR005C
YKL211CYLR452C YPL075WYML051W YOL123WYHR198C YMR300C
YJR060W YMR043WYPR124WYLR081W YLR319CYKL074C YKL001C
YDR100W
YDR395W
YDR009W
YDR309C
YPR102C
YAL030W
YHR084W
YLR345W
YBR170C
YJL089WYFL026W YBR018C YGL115W YDL215CYGR009C YOL120C
YFL017C YDR429C
YIL052C YGL073W
YGR108WYPR035W
YJL190CYOL086CYBL005WYKR026C
YBR155W
YOR264W YKL109W
YOR167C
YDR070CYEL015W
YIL133C
YGL166WYHR030CYGL008C
YMR146C YBR160W
YBR020W YBR190WYDR323CYLR197W YFR014CYKL161C
YML054C YKR099WYLR340WYGL106W YBR093CYCL040W
YLR044C
YCR086WYDL130W
YJL203W
YEL009CYBR135W
YOR361C YGR085C
YNL216W
YBR109C
YER124C
YJL157C YDR461WYNL154CYLR117C YKR097W YIL069CYMR186W YJR109CYIL015W
YER040W YGR074WYER052C YIL160CYOR290C YLR249W
YGL153WYOR215CYGR254W YLR432WYCR084CYOR089C YOR303W
YGL161C YLR293CYDL030WYNL036W YHR135CYER179W YDR277CYDR184C YML114C YFL039CYER054C YER110CYLR109W YLR116WYNL214W YBL069W
YHR141CYER116CYJL219W YDL023C YGL202WYER062C YMR183CYFR034CYGL122C
YIL105C YDL088CYPR010C YJR048W YIL070C YEL039CYDR412WYMR108W
YOR204W YMR255W YLR175W YHR115CYNL164C YJL013C YDL063C YNL117W
YIL143CYOR315W YDR146CYLR310CYGR014WYBR217W
YJL036W
YNL116W
YOR120W
YDR032C
YPR113W
YLR153C
YGR048W
YGR203W
YNL113WYOR202W
YNR050C
YCL030C
YJL159W
YHR053CYPR110C?YLR258W YBL079W
YNL069C YNL311CYDR142C YGL044CYMR044W
Great
Visualization…?
Bad Visualizations
- Unfortunately, there are lots of bad data
visualizations…
- Too many colors
- Too many mappings
- Lack of Story
YPL201C YPL211W YML007WYPL131W YOR327CYDR171W YCL067C
YPL222W
YLR264W
YNL098C
YLL028WYIL162W
YNL189W
YOR212W
YPR080W
YPR145W
YLL019C
YLR284CYPL031C YFR037CYML074C YPL240CYPR048W YBR274W YBR050C YML032C
YJR022WYBR248C YDR382W YER081WYIR009W YDR244W YOL016C
YER103W YGR058WYLR256W YOR355WYIL061C YER111C YMR309C
YIL113W YMR117C YDL194W
YOL058WYBR045CYDL081C
YER143W YBR043CYKL204W
YGR019WYEL041W YER133W
YKL012W YDL113CYDR299W YDL075W YDL236WYLR377C YNL145W
YNL236W
YOL156W
YGL013C
YHR171W
YMR021C YFL038C
YER090WYPR062W YAR007C YNL307CYML024WYDR335W YLR075W
YNL050CYGR046W YAL040CYLR191W YMR138WYIL045W YHR005C
YKL211CYLR452C YPL075WYML051W YOL123WYHR198C YMR300C
YJR060W YMR043WYPR124WYLR081W YLR319CYKL074C YKL001C
YDR100W
YDR395W
YDR009W
YDR309C
YPR102C
YAL030W
YHR084W
YLR345W
YBR170C
YJL089WYFL026W YBR018C YGL115W YDL215CYGR009C YOL120C
YFL017C YDR429C
YIL052C YGL073W
YGR108WYPR035W
YJL190CYOL086CYBL005WYKR026C
YIL133CYMR146C YBR160WYML054C YKR099WYBR093C YCR086WYDL130W YEL009CYBR135W
YJL157C YDR461WYNL154C YIL069CYJR109CYIL015W
YIL070C YEL039CYDR412W
YHR115CYDL063C YNL117W
YIL143C YDR146CYLR310C
YHR053CYPR110CYBL079W
YNL069C YNL311CYGL044C
You need to learn
how to avoid this
and need to make
something like…
MUD
HAP4
GC
HA
GAL1
GAL7
GAL80
GAL3
GAL11
GAL4
GAL2
SIP4
FBP1
GAL10
SWI5
SUC2
MIG1
ADH1
PGK1
CDC19
GCR1
CBF1
ENO1
ENO2
MCK1
NCE103
SSL2
TFB1
YNL091W
TRP4
ARG1
GCN4
SKO1
HIS3
ADE4 ILV2
RPS17A
BAS1
HIS7
RPS24B
MSL1
HIS4
PDC5
PHO84
PHO4
YIL105C
MET16
RPL11B
RPS8B
RPL11A
RPL31A
PHO13
PDC1
SXM1
RPL34B
RPL16B
ATC1
CAR1
FCY1
ICL1SRP1
TPI1
RPL18B
RPL25
PHO5
RPS24A
RPL18A
DMC1
RAP1
RPL16A
HSP42
I’m not a designer…
- But learning basic principles of design
and data visualization is not so hard
- Creating 10/10 visualization is difficult,
but 8/10 is the goal for us
- Let’s avoid pitfalls!
What is BAD Visualization?
- Lack of story
- What’s the point?
- Hard to understand
- Too many or too few
visual mappings
- Ugly
Story (or Goal)
- Example:
- I want to show the changing levels
of gene expression for three time
points
- Assign gene expression profile
to the primary visual property in
your visualization
MUD
HAP4
GC
HA
GAL1
GAL7
GAL80
GAL3
GAL11
GAL4
GAL2
SIP4
FBP1
GAL10
SWI5
SUC2
MIG1
ADH1
PGK1
CDC19
GCR1
CBF1
ENO1
ENO2
MCK1
NCE103
SSL2
TFB1
YNL091W
TRP4
ARG1
GCN4
SKO1
HIS3
ADE4 ILV2
RPS17A
BAS1
HIS7
RPS24B
MSL1
HIS4
PDC5
PHO84
PHO4
YIL105C
MET16
RPL11B
RPS8B
RPL11A
RPL31A
PHO13
PDC1
SXM1
RPL34B
RPL16B
ATC1
CAR1
FCY1
ICL1SRP1
TPI1
RPL18B
RPL25
PHO5
RPS24A
RPL18A
DMC1
RAP1
RPL16A
HSP42
Map gene expression
values to color
Avoid using more colors in other
components (edge/label)
If necessary, map other data
into non-overlapping visual properties
(edge score to width)
“Cool” does not always
mean “Effective”
- This is what I’ve learned from my past experiences…
Case Study:
3D Visualization
- Background:
- In late 90’s, 3D graphics card was
cheap enough for entry-level
workstations
- Many researchers made tons of 3D
graphics applications for data
visualization
3D Network View by igraph
Carpendale et al. 96. Distortion Viewing Techniques for 3-D Data
What is the Advantage?
…And My Mistakes
Experimental 3D renderer for Cytoscape
Technology Oriented,
Lack of Story!
What was the problem?
… It would be more accurate
to say that visual space has
2.05 dimensions.
Lessons Learned…
- Introduce additional dimension / complexity to the
visualization only when it is necessary
- Animation, 3D, charts on nodes, etc.
- Use minimal set of visual channels to make
the visualization understandable
- Define story (or goal) before creating actual
visualization
- Understand human perception
Goal of Scientific Data
Visualization
- Help scientists to understand their data sets
- Tell a STORY
- Just follow some simple principles
- Info-Graphics != Data Visualization
- Art/Design : Science
- Infographics 8:2
- Scientific Visualization 1:9
You Don’t Have to be a
Professional Designer
What is Good Visualization?
http://www.visualcomplexity.com/vc/
- One of the unfortunate trends in data-driven
life sciences is that they increasingly use
programmers to abstract data so that
mundane information looks visually appealing -
this is motivated by the desire to appear on the
cover of the glossy life sciences journals.

- Comment from Wired Magazine article “Circle of Life: The
Beautiful New Way to Visualize Biological Data”
http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/11/wired-data-life-martin-krzywinski/
An Extreme Example
(I’m not saying this is bad, but…)
http://youtu.be/WTHtYZcH6fk
Don’t be Too Cool!
- Cool visualizations are sometime useless for
scientists
- But still good for journal cover page…
- Balance coolness and effectiveness
- Think about audience (or users if it is
interactive)
Visualizing Heterogeneous
Data In a Diagram is HARD
- Visualization itself is a research area
- You should learn about commonly used
techniques and principles from experts
Human Interactome data from BioGRID visualized by Cytoscape
Large Scale Visualizations
are Pointless in Many Cases
Good Large-Scale
Visualizations
Ultimately, you want…
SDHA
Tyrosine metabolism
FH
Arginine and proline metabolism
C00149
C00122
K00239...
SUCLG2
C15973
Valine
SUCLG2
C00091
DLD
DLST C16254C00042
C16255DLAT C05125C00024 PDHA1
K01643...
C00417C00158 ACO1
ACLY
DLD
MDH1 C00036
C15972C15973
CS
IDH1
C00022
ACO1
PC
PDHA1
C00311
Alanine
Fatty acid degradation
Fatty acid biosynthesis
Valine
TITLE:Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
Fatty acid elongation
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism
K17753
IDH1
Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism
C00026
IDH3A...
C05379
Alanine
C05381
C15972
K00174...
C00068
OGDHOGDH
C00074
PCK1
C00068
Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
K00169...
K01610
But this is still useful
Costanzo et al.
Targeting the Audience
- Even meaningless (but cool) visualization is
useful as a eye-catcher or journal cover
page
- When you need figures for your publication,
minimize the noise in your visualization and
keep it simple
Data Visualization Tools
http://selection.datavisualization.ch/
Effective Visualization for
Non-Designers
- Excellent resource for data visualization
Tamara Munzner’s Web Site

http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~tmm/
Resources
- Jock Mackinlay. 1986. Automating the
design of graphical presentations of
relational information.ACM Trans.
Graph. 5, 2 (April 1986), 110-141.
Effectiveness Principle
Encode most important attributes
with highest ranked channels
[Mackinlay 86]
Jock Mackinlay. 1986. Automating the design of graphical presentations of relational information.ACM Trans. Graph. 5, 2 (April 1986), 110-141.
Channels are NOT Equal!
- Understand human perception
- Use proper channel for proper data
Jock Mackinlay. 1986. Automating the design of graphical presentations of relational information.ACM Trans. Graph. 5, 2 (April 1986), 110-141.
In Cytoscape…
1. Position: Node Position
2. Length: Edge Length
3. Area: Node Size, Edge Width
4. Color: Node/Edge/Label Color
5. Density: Node/Edge/Label
Transparency
1. Position
Power of Layout
C16255C00074 C00026 C16254 C00068 C05125
Alanine
MDH1
Valine
Fatty acid biosynthesis
C00024
C00036
Fatty acid degradation
ACLY
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
C00022 C00068 DLST
DLDPDHA1
SDHA
Arginine and proline metabolism
FH
C00149
Tyrosine metabolism
C15973
DLD
DLAT
C00042
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism
OGDH C00417
Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism
ACO1
Alanine C00311
C15972
PDHA1C15973
SUCLG2
C00091 Valine
SUCLG2
C00122
ACO1
C00158
CS
Fatty acid elongation
C15972C05381
OGDH
PC
PCK1
Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
IDH1
IDH3A...C05379
IDH1
TITLE:Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) K00239...K00174...K01610 K01643...K00169...K17753
SDHA
Tyrosine metabolism
FH
Arginine and proline metabolism
C00149
C00122
K00239...
SUCLG2
C15973
Valine
SUCLG2
C00091
DLD
DLST C16254C00042
C16255DLAT C05125C00024 PDHA1
K01643...
C00417C00158 ACO1
ACLY
DLD
MDH1 C00036
C15972C15973
CS
IDH1
C00022
ACO1
PC
PDHA1
C00311
Alanine
Fatty acid degradation
Fatty acid biosynthesis
Valine
TITLE:Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
Fatty acid elongation
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism
K17753
IDH1
Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism
C00026
IDH3A...
C05379
Alanine
C05381
C15972
K00174...
C00068
OGDHOGDH
C00074
PCK1
C00068
Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
K00169...
K01610
Layouts
- Some cases, manual editing is necessary
- Start from tweaked automatic layout, and
then use techniques discussed later
Group Similar Nodes
Cytoscape Function for This
- Apply layout to selected nodes only
Use Case
- Show group of nodes in same cellular
location
- Same functional groups
Tweak Layout Parameters
- Layout - Settings to tweak parameters
Cytoscape Function for This
Stacking & Grouping
- Manual Layout
Cytoscape Function for This
2. Length
In Cytoscape
- Edge Length
- Can be used for the similarity of
the connected nodes
- Long = less related
- Short = closely related
Scaling
3. Area
In Cytoscape
- Node Size / Edge Width
- Two strongest visual channels for
mapping your data
- Use these two for your important
data
- Automatic layout algorithms can be
applied only to selected group of nodes
Edge Weight to Width
SDHA
Tyrosine metabolism
FH
Arginine and proline metabolism
C00149
C00122
K00239...
SUCLG2
C15973
Valine
SUCLG2
C00091
DLD
DLST C16254C00042
C16255DLAT C05125C00024 PDHA1
K01643...
C00417C00158 ACO1
ACLY
DLD
MDH1 C00036
C15972C15973
CS
IDH1
C00022
ACO1
PC
PDHA1
C00311
Alanine
Fatty acid degradation
Fatty acid biosynthesis
Valine
TITLE:Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
Fatty acid elongation
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism
K17753
IDH1
Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism
C00026
IDH3A...
C05379
Alanine
C05381
C15972
K00174...
C00068
OGDHOGDH
C00074
PCK1
C00068
Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
K00169...
K01610
C00122
SDHA
FH
Tyrosine metabolism
Arginine and proline metabolism
K00239...
Valine
SUCLG2
C15973
DLST
SUCLG2 C00091
DLD
C16254C00042
C05125
DLD
DLAT
PC
C00022C16255C00024
PDHA1 PDHA1
C15973 C15972
C00158 C00311
IDH1
ACO1
C00417
ACO1
K00169...
C00074
PCK1
C00068
Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
K01610
Alanine
Fatty acid biosynthesis
Valine
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
TITLE:Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
Fatty acid degradation
Fatty acid elongation
C05379 K17753IDH3A...
C00026
Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism
IDH1
Alanine
K00174...
OGDH
C00068
C15972
C05381
OGDH
C00149
K01643...
MDH1
ACLYC00036
CS
4. Color
In Cytoscape
- Node/Edge/Label Color
- Less accurate, but still useful
especially when you map to
continuous values
- Automatic layout algorithms can be
applied only to selected group of nodes
Expression Values
To Node Colors
Common Pitfall: Use Too Many Colors
- Simply awful
- Hard to understand
- Doesn’t tell anything!
Colors for Categorical Data
- Again, limitation of our perception
— Use up to 6~7 Colors
- Preferably, 3-4
- Less is better!
5. Density
In Cytoscape
- Node/Edge/Label Transparency
- Use to emphasize important region
of the network
- Density of connections
- Use edge bundling for dense network
YNL036W
YDR312WYNL121C
YNL183CYNL213CYAL054C
YJL176C
YML012W
YKR082W
YFL048C
YOR205C
YNR038W
YMR197C
YKR059W
YNL189W
YDL032W
YOR207C
YPL217C
YBL039C
YBR078W
YBR030W
YNL068C
YJL063C
YGL120C
YLL008W
YER111C
YIR023W
YPL204W
YDL056W
YEL009C
YOR372C
YGR162W
YMR012W
YJL138C
YOR117W
YNL085W
YOR116C
YBR011C
YDL145C
YCR053W
YIL131C YAL023C
YOR272W
YDL213C
YDR207C
YOR206W
YLR182WYOR039W
YKL172W
YDL014W
YJL109C
YKR081C
YPL012W
YGL228W
YOL004W YBL038W
YDL035C
YGL229C
YBR247C
YER006W
YNL132W
YOL139C
YLR175W
YKL143W
YJR105W
YNL117W
YHR090C YBR146W
YDR283C
YBR029C
YGR059W
YKL144C
YOR261C
YHR200W
YDL106C
YLR025W
YOL108C
YPR187W
YOR310C
YHL029C YKL016C
YMR079W
YMR198W
YMR093W
YOR210W
YMR078C
YKL014C
YGR231C
YGR232W
YLL033W
YFR004W
YLL034C
YLR222C
YLR129W
YLR399C
YGR145WYBR077C
YIL035C
YOR145C
YKL015WYPL126W
YDR208W
YDR384CYJL191W
YDR385W
YLR337C
YDR448W
YLR264W
YGR090W
YMR172W YOR061W
YDL116W
YGL019W
YMR229C
YML069W
YDL060W
YOL116W
YDR449C
YKR060W
YKR095W
YKR057W
YPL131W
YDL075W
YPL249C-A
YPL086C
YIL133C
YER130C
YKL057C
YOL040C
YLL043W
YER082C
YGR253C
YBL007C
YLR409C
YCR057C
YNL163C YER056C-A
YEL054CL076C
YOR369C
W YKL006W
YPL080C
YMR230W
8W
YHR141C
YGR027C
YDR470CYJL136C
YOR235W
YIL069C
YLR387C
YPL199C147C YOR293W
L034W
1C
YOR312CYDR471W
R194W
YOL121C
YJL177W
YLR183C
YLR184W
YDL061C
YBR118W-A
YDR064W
YLR326W
189W
YPR132WYLR447C
YHR142WYBR085W
YDL083C
YLR325C
YNR037C
YMR128W
YNL306W
YNR035C
YGL195W
YDL029W
YDR363W-A YDR280W
YIL032C
YJR116W
YML013C-A
YHR116W
YKL020C
YDR194C YPL037C
YDR422C YPR178W
YNL322C
YPL228W
YDR296W
YHL027W
YEL037C
YHR078W
YKL196C
YAL053W
YDR339C
YCR003W
YOR309C
YGR186W
YBR101C
YIR010W
YOL036W
YCL001W-A
YCR001WYOR322C
YER117W
YGL136C
YLR208W
YBL087C
YER116C
YNL178W
YPL184C
3W
W
R182C
YGR118W
YML073CYOL120C
YBR116CYOR183W
YLL045C
YPL034W YMR164C
YLR439W
YAL022C
YGR250C
YBL080C
YHR161C YPL242C
YLL011WYNL313C
YLR056WYDR130C
YKR029C
YOR056C
YLR400W
YDR405W
YGR183C
YGR270W
YGR128C
YMR296C
YCR082W
YNL037C
YNL267W
YNL116WYGL106W
YDR234W
YPL232WYNL059C YJR104CYNL057W
YMR033W
YKL112W YNL119W
YGR129W
YML081W
YDL130W-A
YDL190C
YDL209C
YMR005W
YDL160C
YHR162W
YHL028W
YLR055CYNL312W
YOL077C
YCL004W
YGL122C
YKL028W
YGR056W
YGL107C
YGL222C
YPL159C
YKL029C
YJL183W
YGR268C
YJL062W
YJL111WYNL118C
YPR018W
YDL012C
YEL017C-A
YKL135C
YDR285W
YAL043C
YLR293C
YOR209C
YDR326C
YIL036WYDL105W
YMR092C
YCL016C
YGL192W
YGL092W
YDR501W YNL112W
YMR116CYJR042W
YGL207W
YDR500C
YPR103W
YLR367W
YLR029C
YOR234C YGL103W
YLR333C YML064CFR031C-A YMR257C
W
YDR174W
YDR024W
YGL123W YML063W
YHL001WYPR104C
YGL100W
YOR151C
YLR061W
YOR208WYMR129W
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Y
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Other Tips
Avoid Data Overload
- Mapping too many attributes makes your
visualization awful!
- It is hard to see the overall trend if too
many channels are used in a image
X
Move Label Position
# of Visual
Properties is Limited
- Use them effectively
- Don’t use too much
in the same view
STMN1
SMARCD3
SMARCA4
SMARCD3
TUBB
HTT
OPTN
PPARG
PSMD1
MAP4K4
ATP6V1C1
Start from Scratch
- If you are not sure you
need the decoration or
not, remove it
- Example: Node border,
edge arrow
- Even labels are not always
required!
“Great Artists Steal…”
Summary
- Learn basic principles of data visualization
- Write a story before creating visualization
- What do you want to tell by the diagram?
External Tools
External Tools
- Biological data analysis is not simple!
- There is no such thing: one-size-fits-all
- Need to understand de-facto standard
tools to save your time
Network Data Analysis
Analysis
Graph Analysis
NetworkX
igraph
Cytoscape
Python
Pandas
NumPy
SciPy
Excel
Visualization
Desktop
Gephi
Cytoscape
matplotlib
Web
Cytoscape.js
sigma.js
d3
NDV3
d3.chart
Google Charts
Data Storage
Graph
Neo4j
GraphX
Document
MongoDB
Relational
MySQL
IPython
3rd Party Apps
NetworkAnalyzer
Network Data Ana
Analysis
Graph Analysis
NetworkX
igraph
Cytoscape
Python
Pandas
NumPy
SciPy
Excel
Visua
IPython
3rd Party Apps
NetworkAnalyzer
Data Analysis Tools
Analysis VisualizationData Preparation
Data Analysis Tools
- Languages / Platforms
- R + Bioconductor
- Python + Pandas
- MATLAB
- Excel
- Graph analysis library
- igraph
- NetworkX
Data Visualization Tools
- Data visualization on web
browsers are getting more
and more important…
- Cytoscape.js
- sigma.js
- D3.js
- Need more analysis functions
- Cytoscape can perform network
analysis interactively, but does not have
complete suite of network data analysis
tools
- These days, cutting-edge methods and
algorithms are implemented in Python
- Easy to implement, yet fast
(because of NumPy/SciPy)
- Batch analysis
- Visualize in web browsers
Why Multiple Tools?
- Avoid reinventing the wheel
- igraph and NetworkX have a lots of
network analysis functions. Why
should we repeat it again?
- Collaboration rather than competition
- General policy for our project
Why Multiple Tools?
Glue for Applications
- There are two ways to use
external tools with Cytoscape
- Common file formats
- RESTful API for programatic
access (Ongoing)
- Use popular, standard, widely-used data formats
!
- GraphML (Recommended)
- CSV/TSV
- Not a format, but easy to process in
scripting languages and spreadsheet
File-Base Data Exchange
Realistic Example
- Prepare data in Python
- Load data from Bioconductor
- Calculate network statistics with
igraph
- Export networks and tables in
GraphML format

- Visualize it in Cytoscape
Realistic Example
- Prepare data in Python
- Load data from Bioconductor
- Calculate network statistics with
igraph
- Export networks and tables in
GraphML format

- Visualize it in Cytoscape
Coming Soon…
- Programatic access to
Cytoscape objects and
functions via REST
- /networks/ID/nodes/NODEID
- /apply/layout?network=ID
- We need your opinion!
Communication Bus
NDEx (DB)
Browser
Cytoscape Desktop
Web and
Cytoscape
- Prepare/integrate/analyze data
with R/Python or traditional
desktop applications
- Visualize & publish it as web apps
Trends in Data Visualization
Web!
Into The Web…
- Cytoscape is a Java desktop application
- Need glue modules to use existing
Cytoscape features from web browsers
New in Cytoscape 3.1.0:
Export Networks and Visual Styles to Cytoscape.js Format
JS
Integration to Cytoscape
Cytoscape.js is NOT
- Complete web application
- Compatible with Cytoscape Apps
- Replacement for Cytoscape
Export to Cytoscape.js
Demo
Open Q&A Session
2014 Keiichiro Ono
kono@ucsd.edu

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  • 2. - Effective Visualization with Cytoscape - Use Cytoscape with external data analysis tools - Cytoscape and The Web Part 2: Agenda
  • 3. - This section is a bit conceptual rather than practical, but it is very important to understand before creating actual data visualizations Part 2: Agenda
  • 5. Now, you know… - Basic features of Cytoscape - How to load network / table data - Basic Analysis / Filtering - Layout - Edit Visual Styles - Ready to create great visualizations!
  • 6. YPL201C YPL211W YML007WYPL131W YOR327CYDR171W YCL067C YGL208WYER074WYBL050W YLR134WYPL149W YDR050C YMR311CYGL134W YBR112CYKL101W YNL199C YPL222W YLR264W YNL098C YLL028W YOR039W YNL135C YPR041WYDR174W YIL074C YKL028W YIL162W YNL189W YOR212W YPR080W YPR145W YLL019C YLR284CYPL031C YFR037CYML074C YPL240CYPR048W YBR274W YBR050C YML032C YJR022WYBR248C YDR382W YER081WYIR009W YDR244W YOL016C YER103W YGR058WYLR256WYAL003W YOR355WYIL061C YER111C YMR309C YPL248CYBR019CYLR362W YGL035CYPR167C YML123C YBL026WYNL091W YOR178C YIL113WYLR321C YML064C YMR117C YDL194WYNR007C YOL058WYBR045CYER065CYNL167C YGL097WYHR071W YDL078C YDL081CYDR354W YER145C YGR136WYDR311W YPR119WYER112W YLR214W YER143W YBR043CYKL204W YGR019WYEL041W YER133W YBR118WYAL038W YDR167WYMR058WYER079W YMR291W YKL012W YDL113CYDR299W YDL075W YDL236WYLR377C YNL145W YNL236W YOL156W YGL013C YHR171W YMR021C YFL038C YER090WYPR062W YAR007C YNL307CYML024WYDR335W YLR075W YNL050CYGR046W YAL040CYLR191W YMR138WYIL045W YHR005C YKL211CYLR452C YPL075WYML051W YOL123WYHR198C YMR300C YJR060W YMR043WYPR124WYLR081W YLR319CYKL074C YKL001C YDR100W YDR395W YDR009W YDR309C YPR102C YAL030W YHR084W YLR345W YBR170C YJL089WYFL026W YBR018C YGL115W YDL215CYGR009C YOL120C YFL017C YDR429C YIL052C YGL073W YGR108WYPR035W YJL190CYOL086CYBL005WYKR026C YBR155W YOR264W YKL109W YOR167C YDR070CYEL015W YIL133C YGL166WYHR030CYGL008C YMR146C YBR160W YBR020W YBR190WYDR323CYLR197W YFR014CYKL161C YML054C YKR099WYLR340WYGL106W YBR093CYCL040W YLR044C YCR086WYDL130W YJL203W YEL009CYBR135W YOR361C YGR085C YNL216W YBR109C YER124C YJL157C YDR461WYNL154CYLR117C YKR097W YIL069CYMR186W YJR109CYIL015W YER040W YGR074WYER052C YIL160CYOR290C YLR249W YGL153WYOR215CYGR254W YLR432WYCR084CYOR089C YOR303W YGL161C YLR293CYDL030WYNL036W YHR135CYER179W YDR277CYDR184C YML114C YFL039CYER054C YER110CYLR109W YLR116WYNL214W YBL069W YHR141CYER116CYJL219W YDL023C YGL202WYER062C YMR183CYFR034CYGL122C YIL105C YDL088CYPR010C YJR048W YIL070C YEL039CYDR412WYMR108W YOR204W YMR255W YLR175W YHR115CYNL164C YJL013C YDL063C YNL117W YIL143CYOR315W YDR146CYLR310CYGR014WYBR217W YJL036W YNL116W YOR120W YDR032C YPR113W YLR153C YGR048W YGR203W YNL113WYOR202W YNR050C YCL030C YJL159W YHR053CYPR110C?YLR258W YBL079W YNL069C YNL311CYDR142C YGL044CYMR044W Great Visualization…?
  • 7. Bad Visualizations - Unfortunately, there are lots of bad data visualizations… - Too many colors - Too many mappings - Lack of Story
  • 8. YPL201C YPL211W YML007WYPL131W YOR327CYDR171W YCL067C YPL222W YLR264W YNL098C YLL028WYIL162W YNL189W YOR212W YPR080W YPR145W YLL019C YLR284CYPL031C YFR037CYML074C YPL240CYPR048W YBR274W YBR050C YML032C YJR022WYBR248C YDR382W YER081WYIR009W YDR244W YOL016C YER103W YGR058WYLR256W YOR355WYIL061C YER111C YMR309C YIL113W YMR117C YDL194W YOL058WYBR045CYDL081C YER143W YBR043CYKL204W YGR019WYEL041W YER133W YKL012W YDL113CYDR299W YDL075W YDL236WYLR377C YNL145W YNL236W YOL156W YGL013C YHR171W YMR021C YFL038C YER090WYPR062W YAR007C YNL307CYML024WYDR335W YLR075W YNL050CYGR046W YAL040CYLR191W YMR138WYIL045W YHR005C YKL211CYLR452C YPL075WYML051W YOL123WYHR198C YMR300C YJR060W YMR043WYPR124WYLR081W YLR319CYKL074C YKL001C YDR100W YDR395W YDR009W YDR309C YPR102C YAL030W YHR084W YLR345W YBR170C YJL089WYFL026W YBR018C YGL115W YDL215CYGR009C YOL120C YFL017C YDR429C YIL052C YGL073W YGR108WYPR035W YJL190CYOL086CYBL005WYKR026C YIL133CYMR146C YBR160WYML054C YKR099WYBR093C YCR086WYDL130W YEL009CYBR135W YJL157C YDR461WYNL154C YIL069CYJR109CYIL015W YIL070C YEL039CYDR412W YHR115CYDL063C YNL117W YIL143C YDR146CYLR310C YHR053CYPR110CYBL079W YNL069C YNL311CYGL044C You need to learn how to avoid this and need to make something like…
  • 10. I’m not a designer… - But learning basic principles of design and data visualization is not so hard - Creating 10/10 visualization is difficult, but 8/10 is the goal for us - Let’s avoid pitfalls!
  • 11. What is BAD Visualization? - Lack of story - What’s the point? - Hard to understand - Too many or too few visual mappings - Ugly
  • 12. Story (or Goal) - Example: - I want to show the changing levels of gene expression for three time points - Assign gene expression profile to the primary visual property in your visualization
  • 14.
  • 15. “Cool” does not always mean “Effective” - This is what I’ve learned from my past experiences…
  • 16. Case Study: 3D Visualization - Background: - In late 90’s, 3D graphics card was cheap enough for entry-level workstations - Many researchers made tons of 3D graphics applications for data visualization
  • 17. 3D Network View by igraph
  • 18. Carpendale et al. 96. Distortion Viewing Techniques for 3-D Data
  • 19. What is the Advantage?
  • 21. Experimental 3D renderer for Cytoscape
  • 22.
  • 24. What was the problem? … It would be more accurate to say that visual space has 2.05 dimensions.
  • 25.
  • 26. Lessons Learned… - Introduce additional dimension / complexity to the visualization only when it is necessary - Animation, 3D, charts on nodes, etc. - Use minimal set of visual channels to make the visualization understandable - Define story (or goal) before creating actual visualization - Understand human perception
  • 27. Goal of Scientific Data Visualization - Help scientists to understand their data sets - Tell a STORY
  • 28. - Just follow some simple principles - Info-Graphics != Data Visualization - Art/Design : Science - Infographics 8:2 - Scientific Visualization 1:9 You Don’t Have to be a Professional Designer
  • 29. What is Good Visualization? http://www.visualcomplexity.com/vc/
  • 30. - One of the unfortunate trends in data-driven life sciences is that they increasingly use programmers to abstract data so that mundane information looks visually appealing - this is motivated by the desire to appear on the cover of the glossy life sciences journals. - Comment from Wired Magazine article “Circle of Life: The Beautiful New Way to Visualize Biological Data” http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/11/wired-data-life-martin-krzywinski/
  • 31. An Extreme Example (I’m not saying this is bad, but…)
  • 33. Don’t be Too Cool! - Cool visualizations are sometime useless for scientists - But still good for journal cover page… - Balance coolness and effectiveness - Think about audience (or users if it is interactive)
  • 34. Visualizing Heterogeneous Data In a Diagram is HARD - Visualization itself is a research area - You should learn about commonly used techniques and principles from experts
  • 35. Human Interactome data from BioGRID visualized by Cytoscape
  • 36. Large Scale Visualizations are Pointless in Many Cases
  • 38.
  • 40. SDHA Tyrosine metabolism FH Arginine and proline metabolism C00149 C00122 K00239... SUCLG2 C15973 Valine SUCLG2 C00091 DLD DLST C16254C00042 C16255DLAT C05125C00024 PDHA1 K01643... C00417C00158 ACO1 ACLY DLD MDH1 C00036 C15972C15973 CS IDH1 C00022 ACO1 PC PDHA1 C00311 Alanine Fatty acid degradation Fatty acid biosynthesis Valine TITLE:Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism Fatty acid elongation D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism K17753 IDH1 Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism C00026 IDH3A... C05379 Alanine C05381 C15972 K00174... C00068 OGDHOGDH C00074 PCK1 C00068 Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis K00169... K01610
  • 41. But this is still useful
  • 43. Targeting the Audience - Even meaningless (but cool) visualization is useful as a eye-catcher or journal cover page - When you need figures for your publication, minimize the noise in your visualization and keep it simple
  • 46. - Excellent resource for data visualization Tamara Munzner’s Web Site
 http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~tmm/
  • 47. Resources - Jock Mackinlay. 1986. Automating the design of graphical presentations of relational information.ACM Trans. Graph. 5, 2 (April 1986), 110-141.
  • 48. Effectiveness Principle Encode most important attributes with highest ranked channels [Mackinlay 86]
  • 49. Jock Mackinlay. 1986. Automating the design of graphical presentations of relational information.ACM Trans. Graph. 5, 2 (April 1986), 110-141.
  • 50. Channels are NOT Equal! - Understand human perception - Use proper channel for proper data
  • 51. Jock Mackinlay. 1986. Automating the design of graphical presentations of relational information.ACM Trans. Graph. 5, 2 (April 1986), 110-141.
  • 52. In Cytoscape… 1. Position: Node Position 2. Length: Edge Length 3. Area: Node Size, Edge Width 4. Color: Node/Edge/Label Color 5. Density: Node/Edge/Label Transparency
  • 55. C16255C00074 C00026 C16254 C00068 C05125 Alanine MDH1 Valine Fatty acid biosynthesis C00024 C00036 Fatty acid degradation ACLY Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism C00022 C00068 DLST DLDPDHA1 SDHA Arginine and proline metabolism FH C00149 Tyrosine metabolism C15973 DLD DLAT C00042 D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism OGDH C00417 Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism ACO1 Alanine C00311 C15972 PDHA1C15973 SUCLG2 C00091 Valine SUCLG2 C00122 ACO1 C00158 CS Fatty acid elongation C15972C05381 OGDH PC PCK1 Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis IDH1 IDH3A...C05379 IDH1 TITLE:Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) K00239...K00174...K01610 K01643...K00169...K17753
  • 56. SDHA Tyrosine metabolism FH Arginine and proline metabolism C00149 C00122 K00239... SUCLG2 C15973 Valine SUCLG2 C00091 DLD DLST C16254C00042 C16255DLAT C05125C00024 PDHA1 K01643... C00417C00158 ACO1 ACLY DLD MDH1 C00036 C15972C15973 CS IDH1 C00022 ACO1 PC PDHA1 C00311 Alanine Fatty acid degradation Fatty acid biosynthesis Valine TITLE:Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism Fatty acid elongation D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism K17753 IDH1 Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism C00026 IDH3A... C05379 Alanine C05381 C15972 K00174... C00068 OGDHOGDH C00074 PCK1 C00068 Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis K00169... K01610
  • 57.
  • 58.
  • 59. Layouts - Some cases, manual editing is necessary - Start from tweaked automatic layout, and then use techniques discussed later
  • 61. Cytoscape Function for This - Apply layout to selected nodes only
  • 62. Use Case - Show group of nodes in same cellular location - Same functional groups
  • 64. - Layout - Settings to tweak parameters Cytoscape Function for This
  • 66. - Manual Layout Cytoscape Function for This
  • 68. In Cytoscape - Edge Length - Can be used for the similarity of the connected nodes - Long = less related - Short = closely related
  • 71. In Cytoscape - Node Size / Edge Width - Two strongest visual channels for mapping your data - Use these two for your important data - Automatic layout algorithms can be applied only to selected group of nodes
  • 72. Edge Weight to Width
  • 73. SDHA Tyrosine metabolism FH Arginine and proline metabolism C00149 C00122 K00239... SUCLG2 C15973 Valine SUCLG2 C00091 DLD DLST C16254C00042 C16255DLAT C05125C00024 PDHA1 K01643... C00417C00158 ACO1 ACLY DLD MDH1 C00036 C15972C15973 CS IDH1 C00022 ACO1 PC PDHA1 C00311 Alanine Fatty acid degradation Fatty acid biosynthesis Valine TITLE:Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism Fatty acid elongation D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism K17753 IDH1 Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism C00026 IDH3A... C05379 Alanine C05381 C15972 K00174... C00068 OGDHOGDH C00074 PCK1 C00068 Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis K00169... K01610
  • 74. C00122 SDHA FH Tyrosine metabolism Arginine and proline metabolism K00239... Valine SUCLG2 C15973 DLST SUCLG2 C00091 DLD C16254C00042 C05125 DLD DLAT PC C00022C16255C00024 PDHA1 PDHA1 C15973 C15972 C00158 C00311 IDH1 ACO1 C00417 ACO1 K00169... C00074 PCK1 C00068 Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis K01610 Alanine Fatty acid biosynthesis Valine Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism TITLE:Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) Fatty acid degradation Fatty acid elongation C05379 K17753IDH3A... C00026 Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism IDH1 Alanine K00174... OGDH C00068 C15972 C05381 OGDH C00149 K01643... MDH1 ACLYC00036 CS
  • 76. In Cytoscape - Node/Edge/Label Color - Less accurate, but still useful especially when you map to continuous values - Automatic layout algorithms can be applied only to selected group of nodes
  • 78. Common Pitfall: Use Too Many Colors - Simply awful - Hard to understand - Doesn’t tell anything!
  • 79. Colors for Categorical Data - Again, limitation of our perception — Use up to 6~7 Colors - Preferably, 3-4 - Less is better!
  • 81. In Cytoscape - Node/Edge/Label Transparency - Use to emphasize important region of the network - Density of connections - Use edge bundling for dense network
  • 82. YNL036W YDR312WYNL121C YNL183CYNL213CYAL054C YJL176C YML012W YKR082W YFL048C YOR205C YNR038W YMR197C YKR059W YNL189W YDL032W YOR207C YPL217C YBL039C YBR078W YBR030W YNL068C YJL063C YGL120C YLL008W YER111C YIR023W YPL204W YDL056W YEL009C YOR372C YGR162W YMR012W YJL138C YOR117W YNL085W YOR116C YBR011C YDL145C YCR053W YIL131C YAL023C YOR272W YDL213C YDR207C YOR206W YLR182WYOR039W YKL172W YDL014W YJL109C YKR081C YPL012W YGL228W YOL004W YBL038W YDL035C YGL229C YBR247C YER006W YNL132W YOL139C YLR175W YKL143W YJR105W YNL117W YHR090C YBR146W YDR283C YBR029C YGR059W YKL144C YOR261C YHR200W YDL106C YLR025W YOL108C YPR187W YOR310C YHL029C YKL016C YMR079W YMR198W YMR093W YOR210W YMR078C YKL014C YGR231C YGR232W YLL033W YFR004W YLL034C YLR222C YLR129W YLR399C YGR145WYBR077C YIL035C YOR145C YKL015WYPL126W YDR208W YDR384CYJL191W YDR385W YLR337C YDR448W YLR264W YGR090W YMR172W YOR061W YDL116W YGL019W YMR229C YML069W YDL060W YOL116W YDR449C YKR060W YKR095W YKR057W YPL131W YDL075W YPL249C-A YPL086C YIL133C YER130C YKL057C YOL040C YLL043W YER082C YGR253C YBL007C YLR409C YCR057C YNL163C YER056C-A YEL054CL076C YOR369C W YKL006W YPL080C YMR230W 8W YHR141C YGR027C YDR470CYJL136C YOR235W YIL069C YLR387C YPL199C147C YOR293W L034W 1C YOR312CYDR471W R194W YOL121C YJL177W YLR183C YLR184W YDL061C YBR118W-A YDR064W YLR326W 189W YPR132WYLR447C YHR142WYBR085W YDL083C YLR325C YNR037C YMR128W YNL306W YNR035C YGL195W YDL029W YDR363W-A YDR280W YIL032C YJR116W YML013C-A YHR116W YKL020C YDR194C YPL037C YDR422C YPR178W YNL322C YPL228W YDR296W YHL027W YEL037C YHR078W YKL196C YAL053W YDR339C YCR003W YOR309C YGR186W YBR101C YIR010W YOL036W YCL001W-A YCR001WYOR322C YER117W YGL136C YLR208W YBL087C YER116C YNL178W YPL184C 3W W R182C YGR118W YML073CYOL120C YBR116CYOR183W YLL045C YPL034W YMR164C YLR439W YAL022C YGR250C YBL080C YHR161C YPL242C YLL011WYNL313C YLR056WYDR130C YKR029C YOR056C YLR400W YDR405W YGR183C YGR270W YGR128C YMR296C YCR082W YNL037C YNL267W YNL116WYGL106W YDR234W YPL232WYNL059C YJR104CYNL057W YMR033W YKL112W YNL119W YGR129W YML081W YDL130W-A YDL190C YDL209C YMR005W YDL160C YHR162W YHL028W YLR055CYNL312W YOL077C YCL004W YGL122C YKL028W YGR056W YGL107C YGL222C YPL159C YKL029C YJL183W YGR268C YJL062W YJL111WYNL118C YPR018W YDL012C YEL017C-A YKL135C YDR285W YAL043C YLR293C YOR209C YDR326C YIL036WYDL105W YMR092C YCL016C YGL192W YGL092W YDR501W YNL112W YMR116CYJR042W YGL207W YDR500C YPR103W YLR367W YLR029C YOR234C YGL103W YLR333C YML064CFR031C-A YMR257C W YDR174W YDR024W YGL123W YML063W YHL001WYPR104C YGL100W YOR151C YLR061W YOR208WYMR129W YDR284C Y YNL321W YGR185C YFL018C YDR463W YIL031WYNR046W YBR211C YDL193W YPR176C YDR233CYDL208W YDL159W YDR195WYDR329C YDR245W YEL017W YLR024C YHR165C YGR252W YOL076W YOR057W YIL048W YKL190W YBR283CYGL194C YDR361C YKL060C YKL195WYBR212W YKL179CYCL001W YCL011C YLR096W YFL017W-AYKL019W YDR404C YPL036W YLR095C YAL043C-A YMR061WYPR186C YFL047W YCL017C YCL005W YDR330W YPR129W YMR060C YKL177W YHR199C YNL307C YLR229C YMR297W YML081C-AYBR284W YJL008C YCL031C YOL068CYNL149C YJR138WYIL135C YNL255C YOR147WYHR064C YKR056W YAL041W YGR119C YKL005C YOR262W YDL189W YDL122W YDL010W YDR340W YLR287C-A YGL135W YJR147W YDR450WYBL072C YJR145C YLR167W YGL104C YGR149W YPR065W YLR438C-A YJR146W YLR074C YLR403W YJL206CYNR018W YML025C YPL183W-A YNL241C YER079W YML100W YFR017C YOR028C YGL114W YEL045C YOR138C YDR259C YJL101C YMR261C YLR131C YJL067W YLR166C YOR032C YDR039C YLR075W YBR126C YKL062W YLR340W YIL149C YLR438W YEL044W YIL148W YLR105C YOR140W YEL046C W YPL090C R242C YPR131C -A YNL162W R203C YJL189W R085C YDR025W YHL016C YIL018W YOL128C YPR102C YCR093W YIL094C YDR394WYKL145W YNL262W YNL113W YOR323C YNL287W YIL076W YKR067W YGL245W YFR051CYOR150W YPR119W YDR261C YKL008C YGR234W YJL158CYNL284C YHR206W YGL137WYDR238C YJR137C YJL148W YJR110W YBR218C YDL225W YMR188C YFR040W YAL036CYKL104C YNR016C YBR025C YDL226C YER078C YOR110WYDR146C YKL007W YLR174W YJR109C YHR018C YML028W YGL062W YBR07 YMR3 YER155C YJR064W
  • 83.
  • 84.
  • 86. Avoid Data Overload - Mapping too many attributes makes your visualization awful! - It is hard to see the overall trend if too many channels are used in a image
  • 87. X
  • 89. # of Visual Properties is Limited - Use them effectively - Don’t use too much in the same view
  • 90. STMN1 SMARCD3 SMARCA4 SMARCD3 TUBB HTT OPTN PPARG PSMD1 MAP4K4 ATP6V1C1 Start from Scratch - If you are not sure you need the decoration or not, remove it - Example: Node border, edge arrow - Even labels are not always required!
  • 92. Summary - Learn basic principles of data visualization - Write a story before creating visualization - What do you want to tell by the diagram?
  • 94. External Tools - Biological data analysis is not simple! - There is no such thing: one-size-fits-all - Need to understand de-facto standard tools to save your time
  • 95. Network Data Analysis Analysis Graph Analysis NetworkX igraph Cytoscape Python Pandas NumPy SciPy Excel Visualization Desktop Gephi Cytoscape matplotlib Web Cytoscape.js sigma.js d3 NDV3 d3.chart Google Charts Data Storage Graph Neo4j GraphX Document MongoDB Relational MySQL IPython 3rd Party Apps NetworkAnalyzer
  • 96. Network Data Ana Analysis Graph Analysis NetworkX igraph Cytoscape Python Pandas NumPy SciPy Excel Visua IPython 3rd Party Apps NetworkAnalyzer
  • 97. Data Analysis Tools Analysis VisualizationData Preparation
  • 98. Data Analysis Tools - Languages / Platforms - R + Bioconductor - Python + Pandas - MATLAB - Excel - Graph analysis library - igraph - NetworkX
  • 99. Data Visualization Tools - Data visualization on web browsers are getting more and more important… - Cytoscape.js - sigma.js - D3.js
  • 100. - Need more analysis functions - Cytoscape can perform network analysis interactively, but does not have complete suite of network data analysis tools - These days, cutting-edge methods and algorithms are implemented in Python - Easy to implement, yet fast (because of NumPy/SciPy) - Batch analysis - Visualize in web browsers Why Multiple Tools?
  • 101. - Avoid reinventing the wheel - igraph and NetworkX have a lots of network analysis functions. Why should we repeat it again? - Collaboration rather than competition - General policy for our project Why Multiple Tools?
  • 102. Glue for Applications - There are two ways to use external tools with Cytoscape - Common file formats - RESTful API for programatic access (Ongoing)
  • 103. - Use popular, standard, widely-used data formats ! - GraphML (Recommended) - CSV/TSV - Not a format, but easy to process in scripting languages and spreadsheet File-Base Data Exchange
  • 104. Realistic Example - Prepare data in Python - Load data from Bioconductor - Calculate network statistics with igraph - Export networks and tables in GraphML format
 - Visualize it in Cytoscape
  • 105. Realistic Example - Prepare data in Python - Load data from Bioconductor - Calculate network statistics with igraph - Export networks and tables in GraphML format
 - Visualize it in Cytoscape
  • 106. Coming Soon… - Programatic access to Cytoscape objects and functions via REST - /networks/ID/nodes/NODEID - /apply/layout?network=ID - We need your opinion!
  • 108.
  • 110. - Prepare/integrate/analyze data with R/Python or traditional desktop applications - Visualize & publish it as web apps Trends in Data Visualization
  • 111. Web!
  • 112.
  • 113. Into The Web… - Cytoscape is a Java desktop application - Need glue modules to use existing Cytoscape features from web browsers
  • 114. New in Cytoscape 3.1.0: Export Networks and Visual Styles to Cytoscape.js Format JS Integration to Cytoscape
  • 115. Cytoscape.js is NOT - Complete web application - Compatible with Cytoscape Apps - Replacement for Cytoscape