This document discusses cyborgs, which are defined as self-regulating organisms that integrate both artificial and natural systems. A cyborg can refer to a human with mechanical or electronic devices that aid physiological processes. The document provides examples of individual cyborgs like those with prosthetic limbs and social cyborgs like corporations. It also outlines several cyborg experiments and projects, applications in medical and military fields, as well as advantages and disadvantages of cyborg technology.

1. CYBORG
ABHIJITH KRISHNA GL
U11CW001
TECHNICAL SEMINAR II

2. WHAT IS A CYBORG ?
 A CYBORG IS A CYBERNATIC ORGANISM
 THE TERM CYBORG IS DEFINED AS AN ORGANISM
THAT IS A SELF REGULATING INTEGRATION OF
ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL SYSTEMS.
 A HUMAN CYBORG IS A HUMAN WHO HAS CERTAIN
PHYSIOGICAL PROCESSES AIDED OR CONTROLLED BY
MECHANICAL OR ELECTRONIC DEVICES.

3. ANALOGY WITH HUMAN NERVOUS
SYSTEM
The human nervous system contains:
1. A Central Nervous System (CNS) - where information is
processed. Our central nervous system consists of the brain
and the spinal cord.
2. A Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - a highway which allows
signals to travel between the cns and the body's receptors
and effectors
Since the nerve conduction is in the form of electrical
signals, this opens up a possibility of intercepting, interpreting
and processing them with the help of machine interfaces.
Neural impulses at the nerve endings, transmitting them to a
database, correlating them to existing data and modulating it to
a desired effect.

4. History of cyborg
 In 1960 Manfred Clynes and Nathan Kline coined
the term Cyborg.
In 1967, Dr Steve Mann made eyetap glasses.
 This glass not only helped for a clear vision but
also one of its function is a wearable face recognizer
to help people with Alzheimer's recognize and
remember and see things, or people with visual
memory disability find their way around .
Goal of this project is to help people see better and
remember things better.

5. Types of cyborg
 INDIVIDUAL CYBORG :
i. Cyborgs is used to refer to a man or woman
with bionic or robotic implants
ii.Today,the C-LEG system is used to replace
human legs that are amputated because of injuries
or illness
 SOCIAL CYBORG:
i. More broadly, the full term “CYBernetic
ORGanism” is used to describe larger networks of
communication and control
ii. A corporation can be considered as an
artificial intelligence that makes uses of replaceable
human components to function

6. Kevin warwick
 Kevin Warwick is Professor of Cybernetics at the
University of Reading
 The world's leading expert in cybernetics,
Mainly interested in connecting human brain with
machine brain.
 He is the world’s first human cyborg, he implanted
microchips under his arms so that he could easily
communicate with computers and electronic devices at his
laboratory.
 He and his team of scientists have created robot with a
rat brain, implanting microchips, bionic devices etc.

7. PROJECT CYBORG 1.0
 This involved a simple RFID
transmitter being implanted
beneath Warwick's skin, and
used to control
doors, lights, heaters, and
other computer-controlled
devices based on his
proximity.
 The main purpose of this
experiment was said to be to
test the limits of what the
body would accept, and how
easy it would be to receive a
meaningful signal from the
chip

8. HOW CAN IT BE USEFUL ?
It gives you a unique code.
It is quite possible for an implant to replace an
access, visa or bankers card
An implant could carry huge amounts of data on
an individual, such as national insurance number
and blood type, bank account information etc.
Used to clock in and out of office automatically.

9. Project cyborg 2.0
 In 2002 a one hundred
electrode array was
surgically implanted into the
median nerve fibres of the left
arm of Professor Kevin
Warwick.
 A number of experiments
have been carried out using
the signals detected by the
array.
 As a result of this professor
warwick was able to control
light, electric wheel chair and
an intelligent artificial hand.

10. RESULT OF CYBORG 2.0
 By means of the
implant, Warwick's nervous
system was connected onto the
internet in Columbia
University, New York.
 From there he was able to
control the robot arm in the
University of Reading and to
obtain feedback from sensors in
the finger tips.
 The experiment proved
successful, and the signal
produced was detailed enough
that a robot arm was able to
mimic the actions of Warwick's

11. In medical field
Two different types of
Cyborgs:-
 Restorative
technologies “restore
lost functions, organs
and limbs”.
 Enhanced Cyborg
follows principle of
optimal performance
that is maximizing
output and
minimizing input.

12. IN THE MILITARY
 The “cyborg soldier” often
refers to soldier whose
weapon and survival
systems are integrated into
the self, creating a human-
machine interface.
 Military organizations
research has recently
focused on the utilization of
cyborg animals for inter-
species relationships for the
purposes of a supposed a
tactical advantage.

13. CYBORG INSESTS
 DARPA has announced its
interest in developing
“cyborg insects” to transmit
data from sensors
implanted into the insect
during the Pupal stage.
 The insects motion would
be controlled from a
MEMS, or and would
conceivably survive an
environment and detect
explosives or gas.

15. advantages
 Giving artificial sight to blind people.
 Would be implemented in almost all
fields where human interaction is needed.
 Diseases could be analyzed and cured in
terms of neural impulse signals.
 To establish intercommunication
between two or more peoples without
using speech.

16. disadvantages
Training is needed for doctors
Implants are expensive
Psychological problems
Feeling different to everyone else
The risk of infection

17. conclusion
The use of such technology will upgrade human
turning them into Cyborgs, presents a much more
difficult problem.
Who gets an implant and who doesn’t? Who
controls their use? Indeed should humans be allowed
to upgrade their capabilities and ‘super humans’?
Humans now have the potential to control another
aspect of their own destiny. It will be interesting to
see how quickly and easily this will be brought about.