This document summarizes a presentation given to the Kentucky Chemical Demilitarization Citizens’ Advisory Commission and Chemical Destruction Community Advisory Board Secondary Waste Working Group. The presentation addressed the technical challenge of cyanide formation during the energetics neutralization process for destroying rocket warheads and the approach taken to safely treat cyanide. It was explained that enhancing auxiliary systems to the Energetics Neutralization Reactors would increase operating temperatures to destroy cyanide without changing the baseline destruction schedule or processes. The presentation also addressed worker safety programs and exposure limits.
Presented to: Kentucky Chemical Demilitarization Citizens’ Advisory Commission and Chemical Destruction Community Advisory Board
Secondary Waste Working Group
Presented by:
Dr. John Barton
Systems Contractor Chief Scientist
Presented to:
Kentucky Chemical Demilitarization Citizens’ Advisory Commission and
Chemical Destruction Community Advisory Board
Presented by:
Jeff Brubaker, ACWA Site Manager
John Barton, Systems Contractor Chief Scientist
Analysis of Waste Water Treatment in Kaduna Refining and Petrochemicals Corpo...IJERA Editor
Scientific data and results have to be accurate, precise and reliable and are subject to ever increasing scrutiny by
regulators in industry, the environment and medicine, in validation and also in research and development. Given
our numerous environmental problems, the need for accurate, precise and reliable results cannot be
overemphasized in environmental pollution control. This research was undertaken by visiting the analytical
laboratory involved in environmental pollution control in Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC)
Kaduna which is known as Kaduna Refining and Petrochemicals (KRPC). Results were taken within a span of
three years at different times of the year. End of month results were also taken for the two receiving rivers
(River Kaduna & Romi River) and effluent from the refinery. The waste water was analyzed using available
instruments in the Refinery such as PH meter, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Meter, Conductivity Meter, Gas
chromatography, burette, pipette, Double beam Spectrometer, and Thermometer. The results showed that many
parameters meet the standard of limit set by the Nigerian Standard Organization but there are many vital
parameters whose limits are very low but not measured for lack of instruments. The point of concern here
becomes the availability of suitable analytical instruments for quality control in the waste water treatment.
Presented to: Kentucky Chemical Demilitarization Citizens’ Advisory Commission and Chemical Destruction Community Advisory Board
Secondary Waste Working Group
Presented by:
Dr. John Barton
Systems Contractor Chief Scientist
Presented to:
Kentucky Chemical Demilitarization Citizens’ Advisory Commission and
Chemical Destruction Community Advisory Board
Presented by:
Jeff Brubaker, ACWA Site Manager
John Barton, Systems Contractor Chief Scientist
Analysis of Waste Water Treatment in Kaduna Refining and Petrochemicals Corpo...IJERA Editor
Scientific data and results have to be accurate, precise and reliable and are subject to ever increasing scrutiny by
regulators in industry, the environment and medicine, in validation and also in research and development. Given
our numerous environmental problems, the need for accurate, precise and reliable results cannot be
overemphasized in environmental pollution control. This research was undertaken by visiting the analytical
laboratory involved in environmental pollution control in Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC)
Kaduna which is known as Kaduna Refining and Petrochemicals (KRPC). Results were taken within a span of
three years at different times of the year. End of month results were also taken for the two receiving rivers
(River Kaduna & Romi River) and effluent from the refinery. The waste water was analyzed using available
instruments in the Refinery such as PH meter, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Meter, Conductivity Meter, Gas
chromatography, burette, pipette, Double beam Spectrometer, and Thermometer. The results showed that many
parameters meet the standard of limit set by the Nigerian Standard Organization but there are many vital
parameters whose limits are very low but not measured for lack of instruments. The point of concern here
becomes the availability of suitable analytical instruments for quality control in the waste water treatment.
The State of Analytical Instruments in Some Environmental Pollution Control L...IJERA Editor
The state of the environmental laboratories involved in monitoring environmental pollution control in Nigeria has been studied in this research. The research was undertaken by visiting four analytical laboratories involved in environmental pollution control in Nigeria. The analytical laboratories visited are those of Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) Kaduna, Ashaka cement factory, regional laboratory of the Federal Ministry of Water Resources Gombe, and the National Reference laboratory Lagos. In these laboratories results were collected in the laboratories, interviews were carried out and analytical instruments available were documented. It was discovered that, in these laboratories many standard analytical instruments needed for quality environmental pollution control and monitoring are lacking. Comparison of analytical instruments found in these laboratories with those found in literature revealed that many needed analytical instruments are missing. It is the position of this work that the gap between the environmental analytical instruments found in literature and that found in the research laboratories is very large and calls for concern
Measuring project success and Shannon's maxim: the enemy knows the systemLaura Berry
Presented at the Global Pharma R&D Informatics Congress. To find out more, visit:
www.global-engage.com
When drug discovery projects often require long periods of time and large amounts of resources to reach the clinical candidate generation phase, how do you tell which projects to continue and which are futile? Jeremy Edmunds, Director of Immunology Chemistry at Abbvie, discusses.
Legionella bacterium was first publicized in 1976 when conference attendees became sick and died. Over the years, testing and inspections were required for cooling towers and other locations with hot water. In 2015, another notable outbreak occurred in NYC when more residents in a hotel got sick and died. NYC DEP was the first governmental agency to require the registry of all cooling towers and implementation of a comprehensive maintenance, inspection and test schedule for the presence of Legionella bacterium in water. Learn more about the field testing and analytical method for Legionella.
Presented to:
Kentucky Chemical Demilitarization Citizens’ Advisory Commission and
Chemical Destruction Community Advisory Board
Presented by:
Jeff Brubaker Doug Omichinski
Site Project Manager Project Manager
Presentation.pptx. Green Chemistry and principal of green ChemistryHajira Mahmood
A complete and comprehensive approach towards green chemistry & its applications. it plays significance role to sustain user friendly environment by reducing waste and enhance energy efficiency & atom economy. It leads less hazardous chemicals that are easy to discard.
The State of Analytical Instruments in Some Environmental Pollution Control L...IJERA Editor
The state of the environmental laboratories involved in monitoring environmental pollution control in Nigeria has been studied in this research. The research was undertaken by visiting four analytical laboratories involved in environmental pollution control in Nigeria. The analytical laboratories visited are those of Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) Kaduna, Ashaka cement factory, regional laboratory of the Federal Ministry of Water Resources Gombe, and the National Reference laboratory Lagos. In these laboratories results were collected in the laboratories, interviews were carried out and analytical instruments available were documented. It was discovered that, in these laboratories many standard analytical instruments needed for quality environmental pollution control and monitoring are lacking. Comparison of analytical instruments found in these laboratories with those found in literature revealed that many needed analytical instruments are missing. It is the position of this work that the gap between the environmental analytical instruments found in literature and that found in the research laboratories is very large and calls for concern
Measuring project success and Shannon's maxim: the enemy knows the systemLaura Berry
Presented at the Global Pharma R&D Informatics Congress. To find out more, visit:
www.global-engage.com
When drug discovery projects often require long periods of time and large amounts of resources to reach the clinical candidate generation phase, how do you tell which projects to continue and which are futile? Jeremy Edmunds, Director of Immunology Chemistry at Abbvie, discusses.
Legionella bacterium was first publicized in 1976 when conference attendees became sick and died. Over the years, testing and inspections were required for cooling towers and other locations with hot water. In 2015, another notable outbreak occurred in NYC when more residents in a hotel got sick and died. NYC DEP was the first governmental agency to require the registry of all cooling towers and implementation of a comprehensive maintenance, inspection and test schedule for the presence of Legionella bacterium in water. Learn more about the field testing and analytical method for Legionella.
Presented to:
Kentucky Chemical Demilitarization Citizens’ Advisory Commission and
Chemical Destruction Community Advisory Board
Presented by:
Jeff Brubaker Doug Omichinski
Site Project Manager Project Manager
Presentation.pptx. Green Chemistry and principal of green ChemistryHajira Mahmood
A complete and comprehensive approach towards green chemistry & its applications. it plays significance role to sustain user friendly environment by reducing waste and enhance energy efficiency & atom economy. It leads less hazardous chemicals that are easy to discard.
Ecofriendly green biosynthesized of metallic nanoparticles: Bio-reduction mec...Al Baha University
Biomolecules of live plants, plant extracts and microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, seaweeds, actinomycetes, algae and microalgae can be used to reduce metal
ions to nanoparticles. Biosynthesized nanoparticle effectively controlled oxidative stress, genotoxicity and apoptosis related changes. Green biosynthesized NPs
is alternative methods, which is hydrophilic, biocompatible, non-toxic, and used for coating many metal NPs with interesting morphologies and varied sizes. The
reducing agents involved include various water-soluble plant metabolites (e.g. alkaloids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins and
other nutritional compounds) and co-enzymes. The polysaccharides, proteins and lipids present in the algal membranes act as capping agents and thus limit using
of non-biodegradable commercial surfactants. Metallic NPs viz. cobalt, copper, silver, gold, platinum, zirconium, palladium, iron, cadmium and metal oxides such as
titanium oxide, zinc oxide, magnetite, etc. have been the particular focus of biosynthesis. Bio-reduction mechanisms, characterization, commercial, pharmacological
and biomedical applications of biosynthesized nanoparticles are reviewed.
Ecofriendly green biosynthesized of metallic nanoparticles:
Bio-reduction mechanism, characterization and
pharmaceutical applications in biotechnology industry
Presented to:
Kentucky Chemical Demilitarization Citizens’ Advisory Commission and
Chemical Destruction Community Advisory Board
Presented by:
Jeff Brubaker Doug Omichinski
Site Project Manager Project Manager
Presented to:
Kentucky Chemical Demilitarization Citizens’ Advisory Commission
and Kentucky Chemical Destruction Community Advisory Board
Presented by:
LTC Christopher Grice
Commander, Blue Grass Chemical Activity
Presented to:
Kentucky Chemical Demilitarization Citizens’ Advisory Commission and Kentucky Chemical Destruction Community Advisory Board
Presented by:
LTC Christopher Grice
Commander, Blue Grass Chemical Activity
Presented to:
Chemical Destruction Community Advisory Board’s Explosive Destruction Technology Working Group
Presented by:
John McArthur, Blue Grass Chemical Agent-Destruction Pilot Plant (BGCAPP)
Neil Frenzl, BGCAPP
Allison Respess, BGCAPP
Presented to:
Kentucky Chemical Demilitarization Citizens’ Advisory Commission and
Chemical Destruction Community Advisory Board
Presented by:
Jeff BrubakerSite Project Manager
Allison RespessAssistant Project Manager for Explosive Destruction Technology
Presented to:
Kentucky Chemical Demilitarization Citizens’ Advisory Commission/ Chemical Destruction Community Advisory Board Meeting
Presented by:
Jeff Brubaker
Site Project Manager
Presented to:
Kentucky Chemical Demilitarization Citizens’ Advisory Commission/ Chemical Destruction Community Advisory Board Meeting
Presented by:
Jeff Brubaker Tom McKinney
Site Project Manager Project Manager
Russian anarchist and anti-war movement in the third year of full-scale warAntti Rautiainen
Anarchist group ANA Regensburg hosted my online-presentation on 16th of May 2024, in which I discussed tactics of anti-war activism in Russia, and reasons why the anti-war movement has not been able to make an impact to change the course of events yet. Cases of anarchists repressed for anti-war activities are presented, as well as strategies of support for political prisoners, and modest successes in supporting their struggles.
Thumbnail picture is by MediaZona, you may read their report on anti-war arson attacks in Russia here: https://en.zona.media/article/2022/10/13/burn-map
Links:
Autonomous Action
http://Avtonom.org
Anarchist Black Cross Moscow
http://Avtonom.org/abc
Solidarity Zone
https://t.me/solidarity_zone
Memorial
https://memopzk.org/, https://t.me/pzk_memorial
OVD-Info
https://en.ovdinfo.org/antiwar-ovd-info-guide
RosUznik
https://rosuznik.org/
Uznik Online
http://uznikonline.tilda.ws/
Russian Reader
https://therussianreader.com/
ABC Irkutsk
https://abc38.noblogs.org/
Send mail to prisoners from abroad:
http://Prisonmail.online
YouTube: https://youtu.be/c5nSOdU48O8
Spotify: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/libertarianlifecoach/episodes/Russian-anarchist-and-anti-war-movement-in-the-third-year-of-full-scale-war-e2k8ai4
ZGB - The Role of Generative AI in Government transformation.pdfSaeed Al Dhaheri
This keynote was presented during the the 7th edition of the UAE Hackathon 2024. It highlights the role of AI and Generative AI in addressing government transformation to achieve zero government bureaucracy
Many ways to support street children.pptxSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
A process server is a authorized person for delivering legal documents, such as summons, complaints, subpoenas, and other court papers, to peoples involved in legal proceedings.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Presentation by Jared Jageler, David Adler, Noelia Duchovny, and Evan Herrnstadt, analysts in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies and Health Analysis Divisions, at the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Summer Conference.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
2024: The FAR - Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 37
Cyanide Mitigationand Worker Protection April 28, 2014
1. Cyanide mitigation
and worker protection
April 28, 2014
Presented to: Subgroup of the
Kentucky Chemical Demilitarization
Citizens’ Advisory Commission and
Chemical Destruction Community
Advisory Board
Secondary Waste Working Group
Presented by:
Jeff Brubaker
ACWA Site Manager
Doug Omichinski
Systems Contractor Project Manager
Roger Thompson, CIH, CSP
Systems Contractor Safety & Health Manager
Charlie Satterwhite, CIH
Systems Contractor Senior Industrial Hygienist
Dr. John Barton
Systems Contractor Chief Scientist
Neil Frenzl
Systems Contractor Resident Engineering Manager
2. A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
2
Agenda
Potential agent and industrial chemical hazards
Health Hazard Assessment methodology and approach
Worker Safety and Occupational Medicine Program
– Personal Reliability Program
– Medical baseline screening
Cyanide challenge for energetics neutralization process
Cyanide treatment during energetics neutralization process
Cyanide exposure limits vs. BGCAPP levels
Questions and Responses matrix
Responses
4. A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
4
Health Hazard Assessments
Preliminary Hazard Assessment
completed during design phase
Health Hazard Assessments and
Job Hazard Analyses identify
potential exposure hazards
– Completed to Project System
Safety Program Plan standards
– Completed after procedure
development initiated
– Completed to appropriate phases of
the project (Design, Construction,
Systemization, Operations, Closure)
A Construction worker (above) wears
personal protective equipment.
Systemization workers (below), inspect
energized lock-out/tag-out systems.
5. A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
Hazard tracking and communication
Health Hazard Inventory updated after
Health Hazard Assessment
Documents shared with Medical Director and
emergency preparedness
Hazards identified during analyses are
tracked in Hazard Tracking Log
BGCAPP has formal Hazard Communication Program and
Hazardous Waste and Emergency Response Program
Employees are educated and trained for potential exposure
to hazards
5
6. A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
6
Worker Safety
and Occupational Medicine Program
Personal Reliability Program
Workers’ activities involving
the potential exposure to
nerve agents receive a medical
examination to document
1. Exhibit no physical, mental, or
emotional impairment that may
result in a higher vulnerability to
nerve agent exposure
2. Are physically/mentally able to wear
and use the required protective
clothing and equipment
Individual baseline nerve-
agent testing and ongoing
surveillance dependent
on type of work categories
Medical Screening Program
Medical and Industrial
Hygiene programs are in
place for industrial work
activities depending on
potential exposures
As part of ongoing Health
Hazard Assessment, the
extent of potential exposures
identified determine which of
programs are required for
each worker
7. A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
7
The Technical Challenge
Neutralizing rocket warhead explosives poses
unique technical challenge at Blue Grass
Cyanide formation expected during
energetics neutralization process, trapped
in caustic liquid energetics hydrolysate
Cyanide produced during energetics neutralization
process isn’t a public risk, but if not treated, could
require additional protective measures during future
plant operations in some work locations
(Supercritical Water Oxidation Process feed preparation)
BGCAPP has focused on engineering controls and
treatment of hazards, to provide better protection for
workers during operations
Small piece of Composition B
in an aluminum pan
8. A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
8
Treatment Approach
Year long collaborative effort among
BGCAPP scientists, engineers and
corporate subject matter experts
Mission focused on safely and efficiently
treating cyanide hazard during
energetics neutralization processing
Focus on energetics neutralization
process
– Portion of process where cyanide first occurs
– Un-manned, automated process
(i.e. no workers)
– Upstream before Supercritical Water Oxidation
Process (where cyanide might have posed
worker hazard)
Mettler RC1® Calorimeter Reactor
at Battelle’s HERLA Used to
Simulate BGCAPP
EBH and ENR Operations
9. A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
9
A Safe Solution
Enhance auxiliary systems to Energetics
Neutralization Reactors (ENRs) to
increase operating temperature
– Safely and efficiently destroys cyanide
– Does not change neutralization process
– Does not alter Supercritical Water
Oxidation process
– Does not impact weapons destruction
baseline schedule
Auxiliary systems enhancements
– Insulating jacket placed around reactors
– Heat exchanger to increase temperatures
– Heat exchanger to cool sampling line
Munitions Demilitarization Building,
ENRs (above). A representative heat
exchanger (below).
10. A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
Without Treatment With Higher Temperature Treatment
Liquid
(mg/L)
Air/Headspace
(mg/m3)
Liquid
(mg/L)
Air/Headspace
(mg/m3)
Energetics Batch
Hydrolyzers
600 non-detect 600 non-detect
Energetics
Neutralization
Reactors
350 non-detect 15 non-detect
Aluminum
Precipitation
Reactors
40 > 25 5 < 5
Aluminum Filtration
System
20 > 25 < 1 non-detect
Anticipated Cyanide Concentrations
cyanide treatment occurs during this step
10
Pilot Plant cyanide levels are below worker safety regulatory standards
National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health assigns short-term maximum limit
15-minute time-weighted average, of 5 mg/m3 for hydrogen cyanide in air
Centers for Disease Control assign an Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health limit
of 25 mg/m3 for hydrogen cyanide in air
11. A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
Questions & responses matrix
11
Question Slide Number
Is one holding tank available to receive leaking tank contents? 12
Can HT/HP Treatment of EH be done on large scale without
fouling/failures?
13
What does less than 5 mg/m3 mean? 10, 15
What are the effects of chronic low-level exposure to HCN
for more than 15 minutes?
16
What are alarm levels and response actions? 17
Can you ‘hood ventilate’ the gas coming off APR and AFS? 18
Can filters be placed in process flow to capture HCN? 19
Will workers be screened prior to assignment to Supercritical Water
Oxidation Process Building and will workers be periodically re-evaluated?
4, 5, 6, 20
Will dermal protection be provided? 4, 5, 21
Will workers receive post-work surveillance? 4, 5, 6, 22
12. A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
Questions & Responses (cont.)
Is one holding tank available to have leaking tank
contents transferred to it in the event needed?
Both tanks may be in service
simultaneously
Tanks are designed with both spill and
overfill prevention controls
Spill containment = content of a tank +
regulatory defined rainfall (25-year,
24-hour maximum rainfall) and freeboard
Spill response procedures define actions
for rapid response to contain leaks
12
Hydrolysate Storage Area (above)
construction is nearing completion.
The Storage Area is designed and built
(below) to environmental regulations.
Hydrolysate Storage Area design,
construction and operations regulated by
Kentucky Department for Environmental
Protection, Environmental Protection Agency
and in accordance with the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
13. A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
Can High Temperature/High Pressure (HT/HP) Treatment of Energetics
Hydrolysate be done on large scale consistently without fouling or failures?
Preliminary evaluation of fouling, corrosion, and
downstream impacts performed
– Accumulated sludge-type material on reactor surfaces
readily removed using water rinse
– Corrosion studies demonstrated nickel liner
resistant over design life
– No impact to downstream processing or Supercritical
Water Oxidation process
Evaluation of potential impacts continues:
– Further studies on potential fouling planned
Questions & Responses (cont.)
13
14. A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
The project stated that with a thermal treatment process, the building
atmospheric concentrations would be reduced to less than 5 mg/m3.
What does less than 5 mg/m3 mean? In other words, is it 0 or 4.9 mg/m3?
Bench scale analyses results:
– Filtercake “drying” air was nondetect for
HCN at detection limit ~ 0.4 mg/m3
– Equilibrium headspace measurements of
both moist and dry filtercake were
non-detect at detection limit ~ 0.7 mg/m3
– Exposure concentrations would be less
than these values
Questions & Responses (cont.)
14
Energetics hydrolysate testing.
15. A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
Cont: The project stated that with a thermal treatment process, the building atmospheric
concentrations would be reduced to less than 5 mg/m3. What does less than 5 mg/m3 mean? In
other words, is it 0 or 4.9 mg/m3?
Existing design limits potential exposure:
Processes are largely contained:
— APRs vent to carbon filters before release to atmosphere with calculated
emission levels much less than 1 short-term exposure limit (STEL) (5 mg/m3)
— AFS feed tanks/filtrate tank vent outside building
— Pressurized air pushes filtrate through filter, dries filtercake, passes to filtrate tank,
and vents outside building
— Cyanide offgassing to building may occur drying and/or filtercake temporary storage
in collection bins
Building ventilation lowers concentrations of potentially offgassed HCN
— SPB equipped with four separate HVAC systems servicing the control area, RO room,
SCWO processing area and relief tank room, and Aluminum Precipitation (AP)/
Aluminum Filtration (AF) room (i.e., AP/AF air is isolated from those areas with
a higher occupancy rate)
— AP/AF ventilation system - 13,400 cfm and 2 roof exhaust air fans
Questions & Responses (cont.)
15
16. A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
What are the effects on humans of chronic low-level exposure (inhalation, ingestion and
dermal) to HCN for more than 15 minutes? What level of atmospheric cyanide has no
observable effects on workers?
Exposure concentrations expected to be much less than 1 mg/m3
Based on the automation used in the process, exposure durations
expected to be much less than 8 hours/day
(i.e., maintenance required to change disposable filter media roller (twice/week),
drip pan cleaning (weekly), and other activities (weekly or monthly)
BGCAPP will perform a Health Hazard Assessment for the risks
and minimize potential worker exposure
– BGCAPP relies on defined occupational exposure limits for HCN
– Mitigations may include engineering controls and administrative controls
– The Health Hazard Assessment establishes what type of personal
protective equipment to use and when to use it
Questions & Responses (cont.)
16
17. A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
At what level would alarm systems be set? What is the response to an alarm? Don PPE or
evacuate? How often and would HCN in the SPB be measured?
The HHA will consider monitoring requirements based on
anticipated breathing zone concentrations and monitoring
capabilities (i.e., estimated detection limits)
Monitoring will be conducted during start up operations
to confirm estimates of breathing zone concentrations
Start-up operations will establish Energetics Neutralization Reactor
(ENR) process parameters confirming destruction of cyanide
at required levels to mitigate downstream risks
ENR process controls and monitoring results will establish
necessity for additional monitoring
Questions & Responses (cont.)
17
18. A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
Can you ‘hood ventilate’ the gas coming off APR and AFS?
Aluminum Precipitator Reactor (APR) offgases through carbon filters
to Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO) Process Building exterior
Aluminum Filtration System (AFS) vents to release points outside of
SCWO Process Building
The design incorporates a roof-mounted exhaust fan to draw vapors
from the filter cake bins
The Health Hazard Assessment will review the existing design,
breathing zone concentrations, and exposure durations to identify
the need for additional mitigation measures
Questions & Responses (cont.)
18
19. A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
Can filters be placed somewhere along the process flow to capture HCN prior to it entering the
SCWO atmosphere?
Existing SCWO Process Building design minimizes worker exposure:
– The Aluminum Precipitation Reactors (APRs), vent to carbon filters
and then outside the building with calculated emission levels
much less than 1 short-term-exposure limit (STEL) (5 mg/m3)
– The Aluminum Filtration System (AFS) feed tanks and filtrate tank
vent outside building
– The pressurized air used to dry the filtercake passes to the filtrate tank
where it is vented outside building
– A roof-mounted exhaust fan draws vapors from filtercake bins
to building exterior
The Health Hazard Assessment will identify the need (if any)
for additional mitigation measures
Questions & Responses (cont.)
19
20. A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
Will workers by screened prior to assignment to SPB for things like thyroid disorders,
neurological disorders, normality of liver/renal functions, smoking, pregnancy and child-
bearing age females, and cardiovascular problems? Will physical pre-screens and laboratory
baselines for blood/urine be conducted and periodically re-evaluated?
BGCAPP workers undergo medical screening at time of employment
for specific duty fitness requirements
Screening requirements are determined in accordance with
Medical Screening Program
For, HCN, the Health Hazard Assessment will establish whether
expected exposure conditions in the SCWO Process Building
warrant additional measures to control exposure
Hazards will be addressed through a comprehensive workplace
Hazard Communication Plan, through existing engineering controls,
and through administrative controls
Questions & Responses (cont.)
20
21. A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
What about dermal protection if HCN is not significantly reduced below 5 mg/m3?
The established operational exposure limits consider
contributions from dermal exposure and therefore are
considered protective
Expected building air will be less than 1 mg/m3
Questions & Responses (cont.)
21
22. A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
Will workers receive post-work surveillance? If yes, for how many months or years?
The currently expected exposure concentrations/durations do not
warrant implementation of post-work surveillance
The Health Hazard Assessment determines whether mitigation
measures or medical surveillance is required to address the
potential for chronic worker exposure
Questions & Responses (cont.)
22