cultural dimension of pakisan

1. TITLE PAGE
Course Code: MGN906 Course Title: MANAGING CROSS CULTURAL DIVERSITY
Course Instructor: Pushpak Sharma
Academic Task No: 1 Academic Task Title: Homework
Date of Allotment: 01.03.2016 Date of submission: 23.03.2016
Student’s Section: MSE27
Student’s Roll No: A 33 Student’s Reg. No: 11207594
Evaluation Parameters: CULTURE DIMENSIONS OF PAKISTAN
Learning Outcomes: (Student to write briefly about learning outcomes obtained from the academic tasks)
Declaration:
I declare that this Assignment is my individual work. I have not copied it from any other student’s work or from any
other source except where due acknowledgement is made explicitly in the text, nor has any part been written for me
by any other person.
Student’s Signature: JAI PRAKASH SAHU
Evaluator’s Comments (For Instructor’s use only)
Evaluator’s Signature and Date:
Marks Obtained: _______________ Max. Marks: ______________
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
ACADEMIC TASK NO. 1
General Observations Suggestions for Improvement Best Part of Assignment

2. School of Mechanical Engineering
Name of the faculty member: Pushpak Sharma
Course Code: MGN 906 Course Title: MANAGING CROSS CULTURAL DIVERSITY
Class: BTECH Batch: 2012
Max. Marks: 30 Date of Allotment: 01.03.2016
Date of Submission: 23.03.2016
Objectives of
Academic Activity
Topic Details Evaluation Parameters Expected outcomes
To develop the
analytical ability and
strengthen the
fundamentals of the
subject
Students will be allocated
different countries to study
the respective cultures and
create a report on the Key
Elements and Striking
Features of the same.
Introduction 5Marks,
Mapping of the concepts
taught in relation to the
country 15 Marks,
Attractiveness of
the Report 5 Marks
and References 5
Marks
a) Students will be able to use
the knowledge and concepts to
solve the problems related to
different culture.
b) The analytical skills of
students will be improved.

3. PREFACE …..

4. Content :-
• Culture of Pakistan
• Language
• Festival and Observation
• Education
• Sports
• Pakistani cuisine
• Clothing
• Cultural heritage
• Economy of Pakistan
• Government of Pakistan
• Social problem
• Hofstede Dimension OF Pakistan
• Bibliography

5. Culture of Pakistan : -
The society and culture of Pakistan (Urdu: ‫ت‬‫ت‬‫تتتت‬‫تتتتتتت‬ ) comprises
numerous ethnic groups: the Punjabis,Kashmiris, Sindhis in east, Muhajirs, Makrani in the
south; Baloch, Hazaras and Pashtun in the west; and the
ancient Dardic, Wakhi,Baltistani and Burusho communities in the north. The culture of these
Pakistani ethnic groups have been greatly influenced by many of its neighbors, such as the
other South Asians, Turkic peoples as well as the peoples of Central Asia and the Middle East.
The origins of the current Pakistani culture can be traced back to the Indus Valley civilization, which
was contemporaneous with the ancient Egyptian and Sumerian civilizations, around 5500 years ago.
The region has formed a distinct unit within the main geographical complex of South Asia, the Middle
East and Central Asia from the earliest times, and is analogous to the position of Afghanistan.
[1]
There are differences among the ethnic groups in cultural aspects such as dress, food, and
religion, especially where pre-Islamic customs differ from Islamic practices. Their cultural origins also
reveal influences from far afield, including China, Indiaand Afghanistan. Pakistan was the first region
of South Asia to be fully impacted by Islam and has thus developed a distinct Islamic identity,
historically different from areas further east.[

6. Language :-
Pakistan's national language is Urdu. English and Urdu are the official languages. In 2015,
the government announced its plans to make Urdu as the sole official language and abolish English.
[2]
The country is also home to several regional languages,
includingPunjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Balochi, Kashmiri,hindko Brahui, Shina, Balti, Khowar, Dhatki, Mar
wari, Wakhi and Burushaski. From among these, four (Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, and Balochi)
are provincial languages.
Almost all of Pakistan's languages belong to the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European language
family.
Festivals and observances :-
1. Ramadan
2. Chand Raat
3. Eid
4. Milaad un Nabi
5. Muharrum
6. Jashn-e-Baharan
7. Chirstmas
8. Independence Day
9. Defence Day Parade
Education :-
Education in Pakistan is overseen by the Federal Ministry of Education and
the provincial governments, whereas the federal government mostly assists in curriculum
development, accreditation and in the financing of research and development. Article 25-A
of Constitution of Pakistan obligates the state to provide free and compulsory quality education to
children of the age group 3 to 16 years. "The State shall provide free and compulsory education to
all children of the age of five to sixteen years in such a manner as may be determined by law".

7. Sports :-
The most popular sport in Pakistan is cricket, while field hockey, polo, and
squash are also popular in Pakistan. Traditional sports likekabaddi and other well-known
games are also played.
Pakistani cuisine :-
Pakistani cuisine (Urdu: ) is a refined blend of various regional cooking
traditions of South Asia. Pakistani cuisine is very similar to North Indian cuisine, but
incorporates noticeable Central Asian and Middle Eastern influences and is more meat-oriented.

8. Clothing :-
Pakistani national dress. The shalwar kameez is the national dress of Pakistan
and is worn by men and women in all four provinces Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan and Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa in the country and in Azad Kashmir. Shalwar refers to loose trousers and kameez
refers to shirts.
Cultural heritage :-
Buddhism has left its mark on Pakistan. The ancient kingdom of Gandhara, in northern
Pakistan, was a major center of Buddhist learning and arts from the first to fifth centuriesAD.
With influences from the West, Buddhists developed a tradition of Gandhara art that combined
motifs from Persia, Greece, and Rome with Buddhist forms. The Indian-Islamic style of
architecture, the many shrines of thepirs(Sufi saints), and the mosques such as theBadshahi
Mosquein Lahore indicate the influence of Islam.

9. Economy of Pakistan :-
The economy of Pakistan is the 26th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity,
and 41st largest in terms of nominal Gross Domestic Product.
Currency: Pakistani rupee
GDP per capita: 1,275.30 USD (2013) World Bank
Gross domestic product: 232.3 billion USD (2013) World Bank
GNI per capita: 4,840 PPP dollars (2013) World Bank
GDP growth rate: 4.4% annual change (2013) World Bank
Gross national income: 881.4 billion PPP dollars (2013) World Bank
Internet users: 10.9% of the population (2013) World Bank
Government of Pakistan :-
The Government of Pakistan (Urdu: ‫ت‬‫ت‬‫تتتت‬‫تتتتتتت‬ ) is a federal government established
by the Constitution of Pakistan as a constituted governing authority of the four provinces of a
proclaimed and established parliamentary democratic republic, constitutionally called theIslamic
Republic of Pakistan .
Capital: Islamabad
Prime minister: Nawaz Sharif
President: Mamnoon Hussain

10. Social problem :-
1. Poverty 2. Illiteracy 3. Intrenational problem 4. Health 5. Girls education

11. Hofstede dimension of Pakistan :-
What about Pakistan?
Power Distance
This dimension deals with the fact that all individuals in societies are not equal – it expresses
the attitude of the culture towards these inequalities amongst us. Power Distance is defined
as the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organisations within a country
expect and accept that power is distributed unequally.
With an intermediate score of 55, it is not possible to determine a preference for Pakistan in this
dimension.
Individualism
The fundamental issue addressed by this dimension is the degree of interdependence a society
maintains among its members. It has to do with whether people´s self-image is defined in terms of
“I” or “We”.In Individualist societies people are supposed to look after themselves and their
direct family only. In Collectivist societies people belong to ‘in groups’ that take care of them in

12. exchange for loyalty.
Pakistan, with a very low score of 14, is considered a collectivistic society. This is manifest in a
close long-term commitment to the member 'group', be that a family, extended family, or
extended relationships. Loyalty in a collectivist culture is paramount, and over-rides most other
societal rules and regulations. The society fosters strong relationships where everyone takes
responsibility for fellow members of their group. In collectivist societies offence leads to shame
and loss of face, employer/employee relationships are perceived in moral terms (like a family
link), hiring and promotion decisions take account of the employee’s in-group, management is
the management of groups.
Masculinity
A high score (Masculine) on this dimension indicates that the society will be driven by competition,
achievement and success, with success being defined by the winner / best in field – a value system that
starts in school and continues throughout organisational life.
A low score (Feminine) on the dimension means that the dominant values in society are caring for others
and quality of life. A Feminine society is one where quality of life is the sign of success and standing out
from the crowd is not admirable. The fundamental issue here is what motivates people, wanting to be
the best (Masculine) or liking what you do (Feminine).
Pakistan scores 50 on this dimension, and as this is an exactly intermediate score it cannot be said if
Pakistan has a preference to Masculinity of femininity.
Uncertainty avoidance
The dimension Uncertainty Avoidance has to do with the way that a society deals with the fact
that the future can never be known: should we try to control the future or just let it happen? This
ambiguity brings with it anxiety and different cultures have learnt to deal with this anxiety in
different ways. The extent to which the members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous or
unknown situations and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid these is reflected in the
UAI score.
Pakistan scores 70 on this dimension and thus has a high preference for avoiding uncertainty.
Countries exhibiting high Uncertainty Avoidance maintain rigid codes of belief and behaviour
and are intolerant of unorthodox behaviour and ideas. In these cultures there is an emotional
need for rules (even if the rules never seem to work) time is money, people have an inner urge
to be busy and work hard, precision and punctuality are the norm, innovation may be resisted,
security is an important element in individual motivation.
Long Term Orientation
This dimension describes how every society has to maintain some links with its own past while dealing
with the challenges of the present and future, and societies prioritise these two existential goals
differently. Normative societies. which score low on this dimension, for example, prefer to maintain time-
honoured traditions and norms while viewing societal change with suspicion. Those with a culture which
scores high, on the other hand, take a more pragmatic approach: they encourage thrift and efforts in
modern education as a way to prepare for the future.
With an intermediate score of 50, the culture of Pakistan cannot be said to indicate a preference .

13. Indulgence
One challenge that confronts humanity, now and in the past, is the degree to which small children are
socialized. Without socialization we do not become “human”. This dimension is defined as the extent to
which people try to control their desires and impulses, based on the way they were raised. Relatively
weak control is called “Indulgence” and relatively strong control is called “Restraint”. Cultures can,
therefore, be described as Indulgent or Restrained.
Pakistan, with an extremely low score of 0 on this dimension, can be said to be a very Restrained
society. Societies with a low score in this dimension have a tendency to cynicism and pessimism. Also, in
contrast to Indulgent societies, Restrained societies do not put much emphasis on leisure time and control
the gratification of their desires. People with this orientation have the perception that their actions are
Restrained by social norms and feel that indulging themselves is somewhat wrong.
Bibliography:-
Blood, Peter R., ed.Pakistan, a Country Study. 6th ed. Washington, D.C.: Federal
Research Division, Library of Congress, 1995.
Castle, Coralie and Margaret Gin.Peasant Cooking of Many Lands. San Fransisco,
Calif.: 101 Productions, 1972.
Eglar, Zekiye.A Punjabi Village in Pakistan.New York: Columbia University Press, 1960
National Institute of Folk Heritage.Folk Heritage of Pakistan.Islamabad, Pakistan:
National Institute of Folk Heritage, 1977.
Quddus, Syed Abdul.The Cultural Patterns of Pakistan.Lahore, Pakistan: Ferozsons,
1989.