This document discusses curriculum and its principles in English education. It defines curriculum as encompassing all planned activities and experiences for student development inside and outside the classroom. The aims of curriculum include the holistic development of student personality and character. Principles for curriculum construction emphasize being child-centered, activity-based, creative, socially relevant and incorporating total life experiences. The document outlines different types of curriculum, including core, overt/written, hidden/covert, integrated, spiral, child-centered, subject-centered, activity-centered, social/informal, null, phantom, and electronic curriculums.

1. SEMESTER II
EDU 09.2 CURRICULUM AND RESOURCES IN DIGITAL ERA:
ENGLISH EDUCATION

3. CURRICULUM
Curriculum signifies all those
activities and experiences a
child undergoes in and outside
the class according to his
interests and needs.

4. “Curriculum does not mean only the
academic subjects traditionally taught in
the school, but it includes the totality of
experiences that people receives
through the manifold activities that go in
the school, in the class room, in the
library, laboratory, workshop,
playgrounds and in the numerous
informal contacts between teachers and
pupils”
- Secondary Education Commission

5. AIMS
 Fuller and harmonious development of pupil’s
personality.
 Inculcate qualities of honesty, co-operation,
tolerance, sympathy etc to promote moral
development.
 Help pupil to achieve their full mental growth.
 Bridge the gulf between academic subjects and real
life activities.

6. PRINCIPLES OF CURRICULUM CONSTRUCTION
1. Principle of child- centeredness
2. Activity principle
3. Principle of creativity
4. Principle of utility
5. Principle of variety and flexibility
6. Principle of correlation and integration
7. Principle of Social change
8. Should promote social justice, democratic
values, national integration
9. Principle of totality of experience
10. Forward looking principle

7. TYPES OF CURRICULUM
 CORE CURRICULUM
 A set of educational goals
 Formal curriculum

8. OVERT/ WRITTEN
 More specific
 Curriculum of control
 To ensure educational goals of the
system
 Specific objectives
 Strategies to accomplish the goals

9. HIDDEN/ COVERT
 The idea other than the intentional
curriculum
INTEGRATED
 Teach around the themes
 Organizing centers
SPIRAL/SPACED
 Key concept at young age
 Covers with increase in age

10. CHILD-CENTERED
 Learner oriented
 According to the needs and
capabilities of children
 Design to develop the individual and
social qualities of students
SUBJECT CENTERED
 Traditional method
 In terms of subject of study
 Stress on Cognitive development

11. ACTIVITY – CENTERED
 Modern approach
 A reaction against traditional
curriculum
 Active involvement of the student
 Knowledge gain as the result of
activities
 Activity is using as a medium for
imparting knowledge

12. SOCIAL/ INFORMAL
 From peers, family, church, society
 Unintentional
 Not written
 Experience is the teacher
NULL
 That part which do not teach
 Creating an impression as it is not
important

13. PHANTOM
 Messages prevalent through exposure
of media
ELECTRONIC
 Learning through internet and other e-
forms of information