This document discusses various methods for curing concrete. Curing involves maintaining moisture and temperature in freshly placed concrete to allow it to develop strength and durability. Proper curing increases strength, impermeability, and resistance to stresses. Common curing methods include ponding, fogging, wet coverings, impervious sheets, curing compounds, and accelerated curing using steam, electricity, or other heating. Each method has advantages for different concrete applications and conditions.
Design of rigid pavements. IRC method of design of rigid pavement. Transportation Engineering. Civil Engineering. Wheel loads on rigid pavement. Action of various stresses on rigid pavement. Highway engineering. How rigid pavements different from flexible pavements
Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen (CRMB) is hydrocarbon binder obtained through physical and chemical interaction of crumb rubber (produced by recycling of used tyres) with bitumen and some specific additives.
Design of rigid pavements. IRC method of design of rigid pavement. Transportation Engineering. Civil Engineering. Wheel loads on rigid pavement. Action of various stresses on rigid pavement. Highway engineering. How rigid pavements different from flexible pavements
Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen (CRMB) is hydrocarbon binder obtained through physical and chemical interaction of crumb rubber (produced by recycling of used tyres) with bitumen and some specific additives.
Reinforced earth is a combination of earth and linear reinforcing strips that are capable of bearing large tensile stresses.
The reinforcement provided by these strips enable the mass to resist the tension in a way which the earth alone could not. The source of this resistance to tension is the internal friction of soil, because the stresses that are created within the mass are transferred from soil to the reinforcement strips by friction.
Reinforced earth is a combination of earth and linear reinforcing strips that are capable of bearing large tensile stresses.
The reinforcement provided by these strips enable the mass to resist the tension in a way which the earth alone could not. The source of this resistance to tension is the internal friction of soil, because the stresses that are created within the mass are transferred from soil to the reinforcement strips by friction.
If cracks develop while curing, this has a long-term negative impact on the concrete service life.
You can improve crack prevention at time of pour, and maximize concrete service life.
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Cellular Lightweight Concrete is also known as CLC. In other words, CLC is also known as foamed concrete. The CLC is widely used for construction purposes as it has various advantages and usage than the traditional concrete bricks.
The foamed concrete is manufactured from mixing of Portland cement, sand, fly ash, water and performed foam in varied proportions. This CLC (Cellular Lightweight Concrete) can be produced at building sites with the use of machines and molds used for normal concrete.
One of an important characteristic of foamed concrete is it has self-compacting property as there is no compaction is required. And also, it easily flows out from the pump to fill the mold. With this property is can be pumped to maximum distance and height.
For continuous cellular lightweight concrete is manufactured by mixing light mortar and preformed foam under pressure in a special static mixer.
Self curing concrete is , defines self-curing concrete as “the process by which small inclusions dispersed within the concrete hold the water during mixing and up to the setting time and release it during cement hydration.”
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A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
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2. CURING…
• Curing is the maintenance of a
satisfactory moisture content and
temperature in concrete for a
period of time immediately
following placing and finishing so
that the desired properties may
develop.
3. • Curing has a strong influence on the
properties of hardened concrete; proper
curing will increase durability, strength,
water tightness, abrasion resistance,
volume stability, and resistance to freezing
and thawing and deicers.
• With proper curing, concrete becomes
stronger, more impermeable, and more
resistant to stress, abrasion, and freezing
and thawing.
4. CURING METHODS AND MATERIALS:
1. Methods that maintain the presence of
mixing water in the concrete during the
early hardening period.
• ponding or immersion
• spraying or fogging
• saturated wet coverings
5. 2. Methods that reduce the loss of mixing
water from the surface of the concrete.
• covering the concrete with impervious
paper or plastic sheets
• applying membrane-forming curing
compounds
3. Methods that accelerate strength gain by
supplying heat and additional moisture to
the concrete.
• live steam heating coils
• electrically heated forms or pads.
6. PONDING AND IMMERSSION
• On flat surfaces, such as pavements
and floors, concrete can be cured by
ponding.
• it is effective for maintaining a uniform
temperature in the concrete.
• Ideal for preventing lost of moisture.
8. FOGGING AND SPRINKLING
• Fogging and sprinkling with water are
excellent methods of curing when the
ambient temperature is well above freezing
and the humidity is low
• A fine fog mist is frequently applied through
a system of nozzles or sprayers to raise the
relative humidity of the air over flatwork,
thus slowing evaporation from the surface.
• The method requires an ample water
supply and careful supervision.
10. WET COVERINGS
• Fabric coverings saturated with water, such
as burlap, cotton mats, rugs, or other
moisture-retaining fabrics, are commonly
used for curing .
• The requirements for burlap are described
in the Specification for Burlap Cloths Made
from Jute or Kenaf (AASHTO M 182), and
those for white burlap-polyethylene
sheeting are described in ASTM C 171
(AASHTO M 171).
12. IMPERVIOUS PAPERS
• Polyethylene film is a lightweight, effective
moisture retarder and is easily applied to
complex as well as simple shapes.
13. MEMBRANE-FORMING
CURING COMPOUNDS
• Consists of waxes, resins, chlorinated
rubber, and other materials can be used to
retard or reduce evaporation of moisture
from concrete.
• Membrane-forming curing compounds are
of two general types: clear, or translucent;
and white pigmented
14. • On hot, sunny days, use of white-
pigmented compounds are
recommended; they reduce solar-heat
gain, thus reducing the concrete
temperature.
• A method for determining the
efficiency of curing compounds,
waterproof paper, and plastic sheets is
described in ASTM C 156 (AASHTO T
155).
16. STEAM CURING
• Steam curing is advantageous where early
strength gain in concrete is important or
where additional heat is required to
accomplish hydration, as in cold weather.
• Steam curing at atmospheric pressure is
generally done in an enclosure to minimize
moisture and heat losses.
17. • Application of steam to the enclosure
should be delayed until initial set occurs or
delayed at least 3 hours after final
placement of concrete to allow for some
hardening of the concrete.
18. Electrical, Oil, Microwave, and Infrared
Curing
• Electrical heating is especially useful
in cold weather concreting.
• Hot oil may be circulated through steel
forms to heat the concrete.
• Infrared rays and microwave have had
limited use in accelerated curing of
concrete.
