This document provides an overview and summary of concepts related to complex power in circuits with sinusoidal sources. It begins with an introduction and overview of topics to be covered, including a review of phasors, RMS values, and power calculations with sinusoids. It then derives the RMS value of a sinusoidal waveform. The document shows that the average power P in a circuit is equal to the product of the RMS voltage and current multiplied by the cosine of the phase difference between the voltage and current waveforms. It provides notes explaining properties of the average power calculation.
This document provides an introduction to three-phase circuits and power. Some key points:
- Real power (P) is the average power supplied to a load over time and is proportional to voltage (V), current (I), and the cosine of the phase angle between them. Reactive power (Q) represents energy that oscillates in inductors and capacitors.
- Apparent power (S) is defined as V×I. Real and reactive power can be expressed as S=P+jQ using phasor notation.
- Power factor is the ratio of real power to apparent power. It indicates how effectively the voltage and current work together to transfer power. A power factor of 1 indicates a purely
This document provides an introduction to three-phase circuits and power. It defines key concepts like real power, reactive power, and power factor for sinusoidal voltages and currents. It describes how to calculate real and reactive power from rms voltage, current, and phase angle. Balanced three-phase systems are introduced, and how they allow more efficient power transmission compared to single-phase systems. Equations for solving problems involving three-phase circuits are also presented.
This document provides an introduction to three-phase circuits and power calculations. It defines key concepts like real power, reactive power, apparent power and power factor for sinusoidal steady-state systems. It describes how to calculate power in single-phase and three-phase balanced systems using phasors. It also discusses power factor in lagging and leading configurations and how to determine the power factor from load characteristics.
This document discusses alternating current (AC) circuits and analysis. It begins by introducing AC circuits driven by sinusoidal sources as opposed to direct current (DC) circuits. Sinusoids and phasors are then defined as tools for analyzing AC circuits. Common circuit elements like resistors, inductors, and capacitors are examined in the phasor domain. Methods for determining voltage, current, impedance, power, and other characteristics of AC circuits are presented through examples and exercises. Key aspects of sinusoidal steady-state analysis of AC circuits are covered.
The document discusses power analysis of AC circuits. It defines instantaneous power as the product of instantaneous voltage and current at a point in time. Average power is defined as the average of instantaneous power over one period. Average power is important because power meters measure average power. For a sinusoidal voltage and current, average power is equal to one-half the product of the rms voltage and current multiplied by the cosine of the phase difference between voltage and current. Resistive circuits absorb power continuously, while reactive circuits absorb no average power. The document provides examples of calculating instantaneous and average power in AC circuits.
1. The document provides a syllabus for RMS and average values, steady state analysis of RLC circuits with sinusoidal excitation, self and mutual inductances, and resonance in series and parallel circuits.
2. Key concepts covered include RMS and average values, form factors, steady state analysis using phasors, self and mutual inductances, dot convention, bandwidth and Q factor.
3. Example calculations are provided for average value, RMS value, form factor, and peak factor of different waveforms.
This document provides an introduction to three-phase circuits and power. Some key points:
- Real power (P) is the average power supplied to a load over time and is proportional to voltage (V), current (I), and the cosine of the phase angle between them. Reactive power (Q) represents energy that oscillates in inductors and capacitors.
- Apparent power (S) is defined as V×I. Real and reactive power can be expressed as S=P+jQ using phasor notation.
- Power factor is the ratio of real power to apparent power. It indicates how effectively the voltage and current work together to transfer power. A power factor of 1 indicates a purely
This document provides an introduction to three-phase circuits and power. It defines key concepts like real power, reactive power, and power factor for sinusoidal voltages and currents. It describes how to calculate real and reactive power from rms voltage, current, and phase angle. Balanced three-phase systems are introduced, and how they allow more efficient power transmission compared to single-phase systems. Equations for solving problems involving three-phase circuits are also presented.
This document provides an introduction to three-phase circuits and power calculations. It defines key concepts like real power, reactive power, apparent power and power factor for sinusoidal steady-state systems. It describes how to calculate power in single-phase and three-phase balanced systems using phasors. It also discusses power factor in lagging and leading configurations and how to determine the power factor from load characteristics.
This document discusses alternating current (AC) circuits and analysis. It begins by introducing AC circuits driven by sinusoidal sources as opposed to direct current (DC) circuits. Sinusoids and phasors are then defined as tools for analyzing AC circuits. Common circuit elements like resistors, inductors, and capacitors are examined in the phasor domain. Methods for determining voltage, current, impedance, power, and other characteristics of AC circuits are presented through examples and exercises. Key aspects of sinusoidal steady-state analysis of AC circuits are covered.
The document discusses power analysis of AC circuits. It defines instantaneous power as the product of instantaneous voltage and current at a point in time. Average power is defined as the average of instantaneous power over one period. Average power is important because power meters measure average power. For a sinusoidal voltage and current, average power is equal to one-half the product of the rms voltage and current multiplied by the cosine of the phase difference between voltage and current. Resistive circuits absorb power continuously, while reactive circuits absorb no average power. The document provides examples of calculating instantaneous and average power in AC circuits.
1. The document provides a syllabus for RMS and average values, steady state analysis of RLC circuits with sinusoidal excitation, self and mutual inductances, and resonance in series and parallel circuits.
2. Key concepts covered include RMS and average values, form factors, steady state analysis using phasors, self and mutual inductances, dot convention, bandwidth and Q factor.
3. Example calculations are provided for average value, RMS value, form factor, and peak factor of different waveforms.
This document provides an introduction to electricity and electronics concepts including:
1) Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons and free electrons allow electric current to flow through conductors.
2) Insulators have tightly bound electrons and conductors allow free electron movement, transferring electrical energy.
3) Static electricity is caused by an excess or deficiency of electrons on objects and leads to attractive or repulsive electrostatic forces.
4) Current, voltage, and resistance follow Ohm's Law relationships in electric circuits.
Simulation of three-phase bridge rectifier using MATLAB/ SIMULINK for harmoni...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Power Circuits and Transformers-Unit 2 Labvolt Student Manualphase3-120A
This document discusses alternating current (AC) and sine waves. It explains that AC voltage continually changes polarity and amplitude, and can be considered a DC voltage that is changing. The frequency of an AC voltage is the number of times per second its polarity changes. Sine waves are well-suited for electrical systems as they allow for efficient power transfer. Key parameters of sine waves include amplitude, frequency, phase, and phase shift. Circuit laws like Ohm's Law apply to AC circuits as well.
1. An alternating current leads or lags an alternating voltage by a phase angle depending on whether it is flowing through an inductor or capacitor. Current through an inductor lags voltage by 90 degrees, while current through a capacitor leads voltage by 90 degrees.
2. The average power consumed by an inductor or capacitor over one full cycle of AC is zero, since the product of the alternating current and voltage is always positive in one half cycle and negative in the other half cycle.
3. RMS values are used to calculate the effective or heating value of alternating currents and voltages, since they fluctuate between positive and negative values. The RMS value of an AC is 70.7% of its peak value.
Relativistic formulation of Maxwell equations.dhrubanka
This document discusses the relativistic formulation of Maxwell's equations. It begins by introducing the key concepts of special relativity that are needed, including Lorentz transformations and four-vectors. It then shows how the electric and magnetic fields transform under Lorentz transformations and how they can be combined into the electromagnetic field tensor. The document also discusses how charge and current densities transform and satisfy the continuity equation as a four-vector. Finally, it presents Maxwell's equations in their compact relativistic form in terms of the field tensor and its derivatives.
APPLICATION OF HIGHER ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONSAYESHA JAVED
1) The document discusses modeling and applications of second order differential equations. It provides examples of second order differential equations that model vibrating springs and electric current circuits.
2) Solving second order differential equations involves finding the complementary function and particular integral. The type of roots in the auxiliary equation determines the form of the complementary function.
3) An example solves a second order differential equation modeling a vibrating spring to find the position of a mass attached to the spring at any time.
This document discusses key concepts related to electrical circuits including:
1) It defines average/active power, reactive power, and apparent power as well as the relationship between power, voltage, and current using mathematical equations.
2) It explains the significance of power factor as the ratio of real power to apparent power and how power delivered is affected by the power factor.
3) It describes how to use phasor and impedance diagrams to represent voltages, currents, and phase relationships in AC circuits and how to use them to calculate unknown values.
1) The document discusses how to generate sinusoidal voltage through rotating a coil in a stationary magnetic field or rotating the magnetic field with a stationary coil based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.
2) It provides the mathematical descriptions and formulas for calculating RMS values, average values, phase angle, and form factor of sinusoidal voltages.
3) These concepts are important because RMS values are used to determine the effective value of alternating current, while other metrics like average value and form factor are used in applications involving measuring and comparing AC waveforms.
This document discusses Ohm's law and basic circuit concepts. It defines key terms like voltage, current, resistance, power, and energy. It explains that voltage is directly proportional to current based on Ohm's law. Circuits can be connected in series or parallel, and examples show how to calculate current, voltage, resistance, and power in different circuit configurations using Ohm's law.
Ac waveform and ac circuit theory of sinusoidsSoham Gajjar
- Direct current (DC) flows in one direction, while alternating current (AC) varies in both magnitude and direction over time, typically following a sinusoidal waveform.
- The key characteristics of an AC waveform are its period, frequency, and amplitude. The period is the time it takes to complete one cycle, frequency is the number of cycles per second, and amplitude is the maximum voltage or current value.
- Common AC waveforms include sinusoidal, square, and triangular waves. The domestic power supply typically uses a 50Hz or 60Hz sinusoidal waveform.
This document provides a summary of a lecture on power flow analysis. It begins with announcements about homework and reading assignments. It then discusses using the bus admittance matrix (Ybus) to solve for bus voltages and currents if one or the other is known. The remainder of the document discusses using the power balance equations and Newton-Raphson method to solve the power flow problem when bus real and reactive powers are known rather than voltages and currents. It provides examples of calculating the Jacobian matrix and using Newton-Raphson on a two bus system.
1) The document discusses the mathematical analysis of a basic AC circuit consisting of a resistor and inductor connected in series and driven by an external sinusoidal voltage source.
2) Kirchhoff's voltage law is applied to derive the differential equation governing the circuit and the forced steady-state response is shown to be a sinusoidal current lagging the driving voltage by a phase angle.
3) Expressions are derived relating the phase lag to the circuit properties and defining the real and reactive power consumed based on the circuit response.
Alternating Current -12 isc 2017 ( investigatory Project) Student
In this file, we will study about the various types of ac circuits, how they work,their phasor diagrams,types of periodic form,analytical method and graphical method to find average value of alternating current.
This document discusses electromagnetic induction and how it is used to generate alternating current (AC) in generators. It explains that rotating coils within a magnetic field generate an electromotive force (EMF) that produces a current. The current flows back and forth as the coils rotate, making it an alternating current. It describes the key components of a basic AC generator, including the coil, slip rings, and brushes. The output is a sinusoidal waveform where the current is maximum when the coil's motion cuts the most magnetic field lines per unit time. It also discusses how transformers are used to change AC voltages by using the principle of electromagnetic induction.
The document discusses power analysis of AC circuits. It defines key concepts such as effective value, apparent power, power factor, complex power and power triangle. It provides formulas to calculate average power, reactive power and apparent power for single and multiple loads. As an example, it calculates the total average power, reactive power and complex power for a fast food restaurant with two loads - one drawing 24 kW at 0.8 leading PF and the other drawing 20 kVAR at 0.7 lagging PF. The total powers work out to be 24 kW for average power, 2 kVAR for reactive power and 30 kVA for apparent/complex power.
2202NotesSet04v17.pptx NAS NOTES FILTERSkiran93845
The document discusses the step response of first order RL circuits. It covers 6 different first order circuits including an inductor and resistor (RL), and capacitor and resistor (RC). The document focuses on deriving the step response solution for an RL circuit. It shows the circuit, initial conditions, equivalent circuit transformations, and derives the first order differential equation. The solution is presented as an exponential function containing the initial current, final current, time constant, and time. Key parameters of the solution like initial current, final current, and time constant are explained.
Any periodic variation of current or voltage where the current (or voltage), when measured along
any particular direction goes positive as well as negative, is defined to be an AC quantity.
Sinusoidal AC wave shapes are the ones where the variation (current or voltage) is a sine function
of time.
The document discusses standing and traveling waves on transmission lines. It begins by noting that the term "standing wave" is often misused in textbooks to describe any interference pattern on a transmission line, when technically a standing wave only occurs under specific conditions of fully reflected waves. The document then provides the correct definition of a standing wave as the superposition of equal forward and backward traveling waves, according to Lord Rayleigh. It presents the general solution for voltage on a transmission line as a combination of both standing and traveling wave components. Finally, it illustrates through examples that only open or short circuit terminations produce true standing waves, while mismatched or reactive loads result in a hybrid of standing and traveling waves. The key point is that interference patterns
(1) The document provides conceptual problems and their solutions related to oscillations and simple harmonic motion. (2) It examines the kinetic and potential energy of an object undergoing simple harmonic motion with a given amplitude. (3) It compares the maximum speeds of two simple harmonic oscillators with identical amplitudes but different masses attached to identical springs.
This document provides an introduction to electricity and electronics concepts including:
1) Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons and free electrons allow electric current to flow through conductors.
2) Insulators have tightly bound electrons and conductors allow free electron movement, transferring electrical energy.
3) Static electricity is caused by an excess or deficiency of electrons on objects and leads to attractive or repulsive electrostatic forces.
4) Current, voltage, and resistance follow Ohm's Law relationships in electric circuits.
Simulation of three-phase bridge rectifier using MATLAB/ SIMULINK for harmoni...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Power Circuits and Transformers-Unit 2 Labvolt Student Manualphase3-120A
This document discusses alternating current (AC) and sine waves. It explains that AC voltage continually changes polarity and amplitude, and can be considered a DC voltage that is changing. The frequency of an AC voltage is the number of times per second its polarity changes. Sine waves are well-suited for electrical systems as they allow for efficient power transfer. Key parameters of sine waves include amplitude, frequency, phase, and phase shift. Circuit laws like Ohm's Law apply to AC circuits as well.
1. An alternating current leads or lags an alternating voltage by a phase angle depending on whether it is flowing through an inductor or capacitor. Current through an inductor lags voltage by 90 degrees, while current through a capacitor leads voltage by 90 degrees.
2. The average power consumed by an inductor or capacitor over one full cycle of AC is zero, since the product of the alternating current and voltage is always positive in one half cycle and negative in the other half cycle.
3. RMS values are used to calculate the effective or heating value of alternating currents and voltages, since they fluctuate between positive and negative values. The RMS value of an AC is 70.7% of its peak value.
Relativistic formulation of Maxwell equations.dhrubanka
This document discusses the relativistic formulation of Maxwell's equations. It begins by introducing the key concepts of special relativity that are needed, including Lorentz transformations and four-vectors. It then shows how the electric and magnetic fields transform under Lorentz transformations and how they can be combined into the electromagnetic field tensor. The document also discusses how charge and current densities transform and satisfy the continuity equation as a four-vector. Finally, it presents Maxwell's equations in their compact relativistic form in terms of the field tensor and its derivatives.
APPLICATION OF HIGHER ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONSAYESHA JAVED
1) The document discusses modeling and applications of second order differential equations. It provides examples of second order differential equations that model vibrating springs and electric current circuits.
2) Solving second order differential equations involves finding the complementary function and particular integral. The type of roots in the auxiliary equation determines the form of the complementary function.
3) An example solves a second order differential equation modeling a vibrating spring to find the position of a mass attached to the spring at any time.
This document discusses key concepts related to electrical circuits including:
1) It defines average/active power, reactive power, and apparent power as well as the relationship between power, voltage, and current using mathematical equations.
2) It explains the significance of power factor as the ratio of real power to apparent power and how power delivered is affected by the power factor.
3) It describes how to use phasor and impedance diagrams to represent voltages, currents, and phase relationships in AC circuits and how to use them to calculate unknown values.
1) The document discusses how to generate sinusoidal voltage through rotating a coil in a stationary magnetic field or rotating the magnetic field with a stationary coil based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.
2) It provides the mathematical descriptions and formulas for calculating RMS values, average values, phase angle, and form factor of sinusoidal voltages.
3) These concepts are important because RMS values are used to determine the effective value of alternating current, while other metrics like average value and form factor are used in applications involving measuring and comparing AC waveforms.
This document discusses Ohm's law and basic circuit concepts. It defines key terms like voltage, current, resistance, power, and energy. It explains that voltage is directly proportional to current based on Ohm's law. Circuits can be connected in series or parallel, and examples show how to calculate current, voltage, resistance, and power in different circuit configurations using Ohm's law.
Ac waveform and ac circuit theory of sinusoidsSoham Gajjar
- Direct current (DC) flows in one direction, while alternating current (AC) varies in both magnitude and direction over time, typically following a sinusoidal waveform.
- The key characteristics of an AC waveform are its period, frequency, and amplitude. The period is the time it takes to complete one cycle, frequency is the number of cycles per second, and amplitude is the maximum voltage or current value.
- Common AC waveforms include sinusoidal, square, and triangular waves. The domestic power supply typically uses a 50Hz or 60Hz sinusoidal waveform.
This document provides a summary of a lecture on power flow analysis. It begins with announcements about homework and reading assignments. It then discusses using the bus admittance matrix (Ybus) to solve for bus voltages and currents if one or the other is known. The remainder of the document discusses using the power balance equations and Newton-Raphson method to solve the power flow problem when bus real and reactive powers are known rather than voltages and currents. It provides examples of calculating the Jacobian matrix and using Newton-Raphson on a two bus system.
1) The document discusses the mathematical analysis of a basic AC circuit consisting of a resistor and inductor connected in series and driven by an external sinusoidal voltage source.
2) Kirchhoff's voltage law is applied to derive the differential equation governing the circuit and the forced steady-state response is shown to be a sinusoidal current lagging the driving voltage by a phase angle.
3) Expressions are derived relating the phase lag to the circuit properties and defining the real and reactive power consumed based on the circuit response.
Alternating Current -12 isc 2017 ( investigatory Project) Student
In this file, we will study about the various types of ac circuits, how they work,their phasor diagrams,types of periodic form,analytical method and graphical method to find average value of alternating current.
This document discusses electromagnetic induction and how it is used to generate alternating current (AC) in generators. It explains that rotating coils within a magnetic field generate an electromotive force (EMF) that produces a current. The current flows back and forth as the coils rotate, making it an alternating current. It describes the key components of a basic AC generator, including the coil, slip rings, and brushes. The output is a sinusoidal waveform where the current is maximum when the coil's motion cuts the most magnetic field lines per unit time. It also discusses how transformers are used to change AC voltages by using the principle of electromagnetic induction.
The document discusses power analysis of AC circuits. It defines key concepts such as effective value, apparent power, power factor, complex power and power triangle. It provides formulas to calculate average power, reactive power and apparent power for single and multiple loads. As an example, it calculates the total average power, reactive power and complex power for a fast food restaurant with two loads - one drawing 24 kW at 0.8 leading PF and the other drawing 20 kVAR at 0.7 lagging PF. The total powers work out to be 24 kW for average power, 2 kVAR for reactive power and 30 kVA for apparent/complex power.
2202NotesSet04v17.pptx NAS NOTES FILTERSkiran93845
The document discusses the step response of first order RL circuits. It covers 6 different first order circuits including an inductor and resistor (RL), and capacitor and resistor (RC). The document focuses on deriving the step response solution for an RL circuit. It shows the circuit, initial conditions, equivalent circuit transformations, and derives the first order differential equation. The solution is presented as an exponential function containing the initial current, final current, time constant, and time. Key parameters of the solution like initial current, final current, and time constant are explained.
Any periodic variation of current or voltage where the current (or voltage), when measured along
any particular direction goes positive as well as negative, is defined to be an AC quantity.
Sinusoidal AC wave shapes are the ones where the variation (current or voltage) is a sine function
of time.
The document discusses standing and traveling waves on transmission lines. It begins by noting that the term "standing wave" is often misused in textbooks to describe any interference pattern on a transmission line, when technically a standing wave only occurs under specific conditions of fully reflected waves. The document then provides the correct definition of a standing wave as the superposition of equal forward and backward traveling waves, according to Lord Rayleigh. It presents the general solution for voltage on a transmission line as a combination of both standing and traveling wave components. Finally, it illustrates through examples that only open or short circuit terminations produce true standing waves, while mismatched or reactive loads result in a hybrid of standing and traveling waves. The key point is that interference patterns
(1) The document provides conceptual problems and their solutions related to oscillations and simple harmonic motion. (2) It examines the kinetic and potential energy of an object undergoing simple harmonic motion with a given amplitude. (3) It compares the maximum speeds of two simple harmonic oscillators with identical amplitudes but different masses attached to identical springs.
Similar to cupdf.com_ece-2300-circuit-analysis-dr-dave-shattuck-associate-professor-ece-dept (2).pptx (20)
08_ digital electronics for engineers electronics.pptElisée Ndjabu
This document provides an overview of basic electronics concepts including:
1) Basic circuit analysis including Ohm's Law, voltage dividers, and the relations between voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, and inductance.
2) Examples of fundamental circuits like voltage dividers and the impact of output impedance on power supplies.
3) An introduction to diodes and their usage in half-wave and full-wave rectifiers to convert AC to DC, as well as smoothing the output with capacitors.
4) Voltage regulation using zener diodes or voltage regulator ICs to provide a stable output voltage regardless of load or input variations.
5) An overview of transistor operation and
The document discusses the fundamentals of digital logic gates. It describes the basic logic gates - NOT, AND, and OR - and how more complex gates like NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR are derived from combining these basic gates. It also provides truth tables that define the input and output behavior of each gate. The document explains that logic circuits are built by connecting individual logic gates together and that these circuits have applications in areas like computing, engineering, and automation.
07_arithmeticcircuits digital electronics.pptxElisée Ndjabu
Arithmetic circuits are essential components of digital systems and determine system performance. Adders are fundamental arithmetic circuits used to implement other functions like subtraction and comparison. Common adder circuits include half adders, full adders, and ripple carry adders. Multipliers generate partial products that are reduced using carry save adders and summed using a carry propagate adder. Other important arithmetic functions include shifting, which can implement multiplication and division. The Arithmetic Logic Unit in a CPU contains resources to perform operations in parallel using functions like AND, OR, addition, and comparison.
296484860-Moving-Iron-Instruments for computer engineers.pptElisée Ndjabu
Moving iron instruments use soft iron pieces that are attracted or repelled by the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying coil. There are two types: attraction, where a soft iron piece is attracted into the coil's magnetic field, and repulsion, where two similarly magnetized iron pieces repel each other. Both operate on direct and alternating current. Moving iron instruments are inexpensive, robust, and can withstand overloads, but have non-uniform scales and errors from temperature changes and stray magnetic fields.
sp12Part2 CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR COMPUTER ENGINEERING .pptxElisée Ndjabu
This document discusses the high-frequency response of electronic circuits such as amplifiers. It begins by introducing high-frequency small-signal models for MOSFETs and BJTs. It then defines the unity-gain frequency and describes how to find capacitance values using this frequency. The document provides an example of analyzing the effect of one capacitor on amplifier gain. It also discusses the frequency response of common source and common emitter amplifiers, showing their high-frequency small-signal equivalent circuits. Key aspects of amplifier frequency response like gain, poles, zeros, and Bode plots are covered.
sp12Part4 CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE.pptxElisée Ndjabu
1) Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are devices with very high gain that can be used to perform mathematical operations such as amplification, integration, differentiation, and comparison of voltages.
2) The ideal op-amp has infinite input impedance, zero output impedance, infinite open-loop gain, and infinite bandwidth. Real op-amps have finite characteristics that affect their performance.
3) Common op-amp configurations include the inverting amplifier, non-inverting amplifier, voltage follower, summing amplifier, difference amplifier, integrator, and differentiator. These configurations allow op-amps to perform various signal processing functions.
After COMPUTING THIS IS FOR COMPUTER SCIENTISTS.pptxElisée Ndjabu
The document discusses the structure and syntax of Arduino programs. It explains that an Arduino program must have two main functions: setup() which runs once at startup to initialize variables, and loop() which runs continuously. It describes how to declare variables and constants, use functions like pinMode(), digitalWrite(), analogRead(), analogWrite(), and delay(). It also covers topics like serial communication, for loops, and printing to the serial monitor.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FOR COMPUTER ENGINEERSElisée Ndjabu
This document outlines the structure and topics of a lecture on research methods in empirical and experimental computer science research. The lecture includes 6 hours split over two classes. The first class will include an initial presentation on research methods and a homework assignment for students to analyze an empirical research paper. The second class will involve student presentations of their assigned papers and discussion. Assessment will be based on the critical presentation of the assigned research paper. The lecture aims to provide an understanding of different research methods and paradigms, with a focus on empirical and engineering methods. Key topics that will be discussed include the definitions of research and different research techniques, computer science as a field, and research paradigms in computer science such as experimental versus theoretical research.
The document summarizes a lecture on C programming that covered basics like data types, operators, input/output functions, and examples. It discussed keywords, arithmetic operators, precedence rules, and provided examples of simple C programs. The lecture also touched on compilation errors, user-defined data types, and precedence tables to explain order of operations. Homework problems were assigned related to syntax, semantics, and predicting output of expressions using increment operators.
This document provides information about an advanced algorithms and data structures course. It includes the instructor's contact information, details about lectures and problem sessions, acknowledgements, recommended textbooks, and an outline of course topics. The course will cover algorithmic paradigms, order statistics, priority queues, randomized data structures, geometric queries, approximation algorithms, and linear programming. Students are encouraged to consult additional online materials through the provided web link.
The document discusses object oriented programming concepts in C++, including objects and methods, relationships between objects, inheritance, and polymorphism. It provides examples of implementing a Matrix class with inheritance. A MatrixExt class is defined that inherits from Matrix and adds new methods like setIdentity() and an operator* for matrix multiplication. Objects of the MatrixExt class can be used wherever Matrix objects are expected, demonstrating polymorphism through inheritance.
This document provides an overview of an introduction to C programming lecture. It discusses the course goals, which include mastering programming skills in C and gaining experience writing readable and reusable programs. It also outlines the means of achieving the goals through labs, homeworks and exams. The evaluation and exam components are described, including points for homeworks, a test, and exams. An introduction to C programming is then provided, covering writing programs in C, values and variables, expressions, and standard input/output.
The document outlines a 180-minute lesson plan on motherboards. The plan aims to teach students about the function and components of motherboards, different types of motherboards, and considerations when selecting a motherboard. Key topics covered include the CPU, chipset, buses, expansion slots, and hardware configuration. Students will fill out an organizer during a presentation, complete a lab to remove and install a motherboard, and be assessed through a lab rubric and exam. The goal is for students to understand the importance and workings of the motherboard.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.