We come into this world naked—physically, socially, and culturally. An instinct is a form of behavior that occurs in all normal members of a species without having been learned. The human infant is born with few fixed, inherited patterns of behavior—primarily the automatic responses called reflexes, sucking, grasping, blinking, and so on (Chinoy, 1965). Unlike other living creatures humans need social experience to learn their culture and survive (Macionis, 2002-04). Only humans rely on culture rather than instinct to ensure the survival of their kind (Harris, 1987). What is “natural” to humanity is the capacity to create culture.
KAFKAS ÜNİVERSİTESİ/KAFKAS UNIVERSITY
SOCIOLOGY
Course
LECTURE NOTES AND POWER POINT PRESENTATIONS
Prof.Dr. Halit Hami ÖZ
Kars, TURKEY
hamioz@yahoo.com
Cross-cultural Variability of Communication in Personal RelationshipsNaomie Daguinotas
William B. Gudykunst and Yuko Matsumoto provide insights based on researches on how language works across cultures. This presentation is very much useful to PhD students taking up Language Studies.
We come into this world naked—physically, socially, and culturally. An instinct is a form of behavior that occurs in all normal members of a species without having been learned. The human infant is born with few fixed, inherited patterns of behavior—primarily the automatic responses called reflexes, sucking, grasping, blinking, and so on (Chinoy, 1965). Unlike other living creatures humans need social experience to learn their culture and survive (Macionis, 2002-04). Only humans rely on culture rather than instinct to ensure the survival of their kind (Harris, 1987). What is “natural” to humanity is the capacity to create culture.
KAFKAS ÜNİVERSİTESİ/KAFKAS UNIVERSITY
SOCIOLOGY
Course
LECTURE NOTES AND POWER POINT PRESENTATIONS
Prof.Dr. Halit Hami ÖZ
Kars, TURKEY
hamioz@yahoo.com
Cross-cultural Variability of Communication in Personal RelationshipsNaomie Daguinotas
William B. Gudykunst and Yuko Matsumoto provide insights based on researches on how language works across cultures. This presentation is very much useful to PhD students taking up Language Studies.
What is Culture? What’s In Your Cultural Baggage?
Culture may involve many things—it’s a broad concept that can be defined in a wide variety of ways. Each and every community has a culture of its own. Culture is not only dissimilar but also exceptional, and we are able to find a variety of traditions in societies throughout the world.
I would like to focus on aspects of values that are related to etiquette, communication, social interactions, and other elements necessary to fostering sensitivity, awareness and understanding in XXI Century’s, ever-expanding international community.
Culture India with respect to Consumer behaviourNikhil Gupta
The presentation consist cultural influence on indian consumer behaviour. The presentation will describe how culture defines a persons buying behaviour in India.
Cultural diversity is the term used to describe many different cultures co-existing within one larger culture. The fact that we can eat so many different types of cuisine in the United States is because people from other countries have immigrated to the US and brought aspects of their own cultures with them. This means that under the umbrella of American culture there are actually many different ethnic traditions being practiced in communities around the country.
As an abstract concept, cultural diversity is actually pretty straightforward; however, finding a concrete definition of culture can be a little bit tricky. This is because the definition of culture can change depending on who's using it and the context in which it's being used. For example, some people use the term to describe the creative arts, like dancing or painting, while others use it in a much broader context to refer to all of the traditions, practices, and belief systems of a particular population of people. For the purposes of this lesson, we are going to look at culture as the latter of these two definitions.
The ppt is aimed at helping UG/PG students of medical and allied health sciences to understand the system of socio- economic classification and prevailing systems in India.The ppt has been updated till Jan 2018
What is Culture? What’s In Your Cultural Baggage?
Culture may involve many things—it’s a broad concept that can be defined in a wide variety of ways. Each and every community has a culture of its own. Culture is not only dissimilar but also exceptional, and we are able to find a variety of traditions in societies throughout the world.
I would like to focus on aspects of values that are related to etiquette, communication, social interactions, and other elements necessary to fostering sensitivity, awareness and understanding in XXI Century’s, ever-expanding international community.
Culture India with respect to Consumer behaviourNikhil Gupta
The presentation consist cultural influence on indian consumer behaviour. The presentation will describe how culture defines a persons buying behaviour in India.
Cultural diversity is the term used to describe many different cultures co-existing within one larger culture. The fact that we can eat so many different types of cuisine in the United States is because people from other countries have immigrated to the US and brought aspects of their own cultures with them. This means that under the umbrella of American culture there are actually many different ethnic traditions being practiced in communities around the country.
As an abstract concept, cultural diversity is actually pretty straightforward; however, finding a concrete definition of culture can be a little bit tricky. This is because the definition of culture can change depending on who's using it and the context in which it's being used. For example, some people use the term to describe the creative arts, like dancing or painting, while others use it in a much broader context to refer to all of the traditions, practices, and belief systems of a particular population of people. For the purposes of this lesson, we are going to look at culture as the latter of these two definitions.
The ppt is aimed at helping UG/PG students of medical and allied health sciences to understand the system of socio- economic classification and prevailing systems in India.The ppt has been updated till Jan 2018
1st Country Analysis Blog Post DUE 9419 at 1159 pm (m.docxaulasnilda
1st Country Analysis Blog Post
*** DUE 9/4/19 at 11:59 pm (midnight) ***
Report on your country’s culture – INCLUDE discussions of the following ideas and why they matter:
- Attitudes/beliefs/values
- Aesthetics
- Languages
- Religions
- Education systems
- Social organization
- Hofstede dimensions
- No economics or political/legal
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/
A GREAT SOURCE
The Cultural Environ-ment
2
Culture
Culture is the sum total of artifacts, beliefs, institutions, rules, and techniques that characterize a human population.
“Culture is learned behavior; a way of life for any group of people living together in a single, related and interdependent community” (Bodley, 1994)
More simply, culture is generally accepted and learned behavior
Ethnocentrism is the belief that one’s (your own) culture is superior to other cultures
3
Characteristics of Culture
It is a total pattern of behavior
It is learned
It is shared
It is dynamic
It is a better human delimiter than most national boundaries
4
Elements of Culture
Attitudes and Beliefs (what is right, important, and desirable)
Aesthetics (what is beautiful, tasteful)
Language (spoken and non verbal)
Religion (beliefs about the nature and purpose of life)
Education (process of transmitting skills, ideas, and attitudes)
Social Organization (ways in which people organize themselves)
Material Culture and Technology (tools and artifacts – physical things – and the techniques for making and using things)
5
Attitudes and Values
Wealth, material gain, and acquisition
The U.S. has been called the “affluent,” “achieving,” and “acquisitive” society – wealth and acquisition are considered signs of success
By contrast, Buddhist or Hindu cultures promote nirvana or “wantlessness” as an ideal
Change
By entering a foreign market, a firm brings change by introducing new products and new ways of doing things
Some cultures embrace change; others resist it
The international marketer is an agent of change
6
Attitudes and Values
Risk Taking
Consumers take risks by trying new products
The international marketing manager needs to seek to reduce perceived risk by customers and distributors by education, guarantees, etc.
Consumer Behavior
Consumer behavior varies within a domestic market and varies even more when looking at international markets
The international marketing manager must rely on his/her own research but also others, especially locals, to help understand consumer and personal behavior
7
Aesthetics
Aesthetics refers to the prevalent ideas in a culture concerning beauty and good taste, as expressed in the arts—music, art, drama, and dance—and the appreciation of color and form. International differences abound in aesthetics, but they tend to be regional rather than national.
Three important aspects for marketers:
Color
Design
Brand names
8
Aesthetics
Color
The significance of different colors varies by culture
For example, the color of mournin ...
Essay Outline What is intercultural communication .docxtarifarmarie
Essay Outline
What is intercultural communication?
Defining/Understanding/Applying/Managing Intercultural Communication
1 - What is culture?
● Find a definition of the term "culture" from reputable sources
Culture is our way of life. It includes our values, beliefs, customs, languages and
traditions. Culture is reflected in our history, in our heritage and in how we express
ideas and creativity. Our culture measures our quality of life, our vitality and the health
of our society. Through our culture we develop a sense of belonging, personal and
cognitive growth and the ability to empathize and relate to each other.
(https://www2.gnb.ca/content/gnb/en/departments/thc/culture/content/cpr/matter.html)
● Tell what the term means to you; give your interpretation/thoughts
● Describe and tell about the culture into which you were born. You might
want to share key characteristics or qualities of your "home" culture.
What was/has been most meaningful to you?
(For this question, please analyze the key
characteristics listed combining with my background)
Personal Background: A Chinese female who lives in a big family of love with 3 siblings.
We immigrated to the US in 2007.
Independence
Life-long commitment of healthy
Harmony
(just for reference)
https://www2.gnb.ca/content/gnb/en/departments/thc/culture/content/cpr/matter.html
2 - What are three qualities or factors or components of your culture that are very
important to you?
● Give a specific or concrete example from your experiences, etc. of each
of these 3 cultural components (you may focus on one if you would
like).
●
moral values
sense of belonging
Social relationship
(just for reference)
3 How would you communicate this particular factor from your culture? Select
one of these cultural factors from your background as the example.
● Describe how you communicate (or would communicate) this cultural
practice or value to someone from another, different culture.
● Give a specific or concrete example where you believe your efforts at
intercultural communication were effective or only moderately so.
Why?/Why Not?
4 What did you learn or what did I learn? Share what you learned from this
intercultural communication experience. What might you have done differently in
your intercultural communication outreach?
5 Be sure to cite the references of reputable sources -- at least 3 sources or
references (one can be your text! In fact, chapter 1 is very helpful for this
project.)
Chapter 1 Citation:
“Cultures provide diverse ways of interpreting the environment and the
world as well as relating to other peoples. To recognize that other
peoples can see the world differently is one thing.” (P33)
“Complex societies are made up of a large number of groups with
which people identify and from which are derived distinctive values
and rules for behavior. These groups have been labeled
subcultures.”P45)
Jandt,.
Chapter 3CultureThis chapter will help youUnderstand EstelaJeffery653
Chapter 3
Culture
This chapter will help you:
Understand culture and its different features
Describe how cultures develop
Distinguish between subcultures and countercultures
Understand the difference between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism
Outline the properties of Canadian culture
What is Culture?
Culture:
A shared set of influences such as:
Values
Beliefs
Rules
Behaviours
Objects
Language
What is Culture?, cont’d
Culture is passed on from generation to generation
Culture is learned
Culture is socially transmitted and reinforced
People use the features of culture help them make sense of the world
Features of Culture
Material Culture
The physical objects that members of a culture create and use
Non-Material Culture
Aspects of culture that are not physical objects
Ideas, values, beliefs, etc.
Also referred to as symbolic culture because we use symbols to interact and communicate
Features of Culture, cont’d
Norms
Written and unwritten rules that guide behaviour
Sanctions
Positive sanctions are rewards for good behaviour
Negative sanctions are punishments for unacceptable behaviour
Features of Culture, cont’d
Language
A system of symbols used for communication
Language is shaped by location and culture
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Language provides a way of thinking about the world
This way of thinking reflects cultural values
It influences the way we see the world
Languages shape and reflect the reality of cultures
Features of Culture, cont’d
Non-verbal Communication
The use of gestures to communicate
We learn the meaning of gestures over time, like other forms of language
Gestures do not have the same meaning in all cultures
Pierre Bourdieu - Cultural Capital
We learn “taste” in our families
Some types of cultural “taste” have more status than others
Used by a social group to maintain superiority of other groups
For example, why is graffiti valued less that art in an art gallery?
Cultural Universals
These are practices that are found in every known human culture
Some examples are:
Language
Sports
Religious ceremonies
Ritual gift-giving
Laws
Music
Cultural Universals, cont’d
The practices (like playing sports) are universal
But the content (what sports are played) vary from culture to culture
Innovation
Humans are creative
New technologies and products are constantly being produced
Innovations can have significant cultural impacts
The way we use cell phones (texting, emojis, etc.) has created a cultural shift in communication
Diffusion and Globalization
Diffusion
When cultural items or practices are transmitted from one group to another
Pokemon and Pokemon Go illustrate how globalization influences diffusion
These Canadians are playing Pokemon Go (a Japanese creation) in Winnipeg
Cultural Diversity - Subcultures
A subculture is a cultural group that:
Shares elements of the dominant culture
Also has its own distinctive values, norms, and behaviours
Cultural Diversity - Countercultures
A coun ...
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. The Definition of Culture
Culture is a reflection of who and what we are.
It refers to everything connected with the way
humans live in groups.
ex.: the ways people respond to their physical
environment, their history, their economic life, their
social life and their political life.
While culture is transmitted from one
generation to another (cultural transmission),
it is different from the genetic transmission of
characteristics.
ex.: broad shoulders inherited from your
grandfather, or the ability to play sports well.
4. A Global Perspective
Scientists who study human
cultural characteristics are known
as anthropologists.
Anthropologists have pointed out
that there are important differences
among cultures; we call this
cultural diversity.
5. A Global Perspective
Some characteristics are shared among all
cultures:
Art Government
Hairstyles Kinship groups
Education Language
Housing Music
Mealtimes Sports
Marriage Numbers
Religion Cooking
Calendars Folklore
Trade Hospitality
Law Jokes
Visiting
6. Activities
Turn to page 69. Read questions 2
and 3.
Choose one.
Complete on a piece of loose-leaf.
Hand in before the end of class.
All responses in complete
answers.
7. Meeting Our Needs
Physical Needs:
The things we need to
survive.
Food
Water
Clothes
Shelter
Safety
Emotional Needs:
The things that are
needed in order for us to
be happy.
Friendships
Love
Self-Esteem
Sense of Belonging
Knowledge
8. Material & Non- Material Culture
Material:
These objects are tangible,
things we can touch.
Ex.: _____________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
Non-Material:
These objects are intangible,
things we cannot touch.
Ex.: spoken language, ideas,
stories, myths, legends,
religious beliefs, and ways
of behaving.
Among the most important
apsects of non-material
culture are our values.
9. Traditional & Popular Culture
Traditional:
made up of practices
established over many
generations.
10. Traditional & Popular Culture
Popular:
Culture shared by many
groups in western
society, both in the city
and in the country. It is
also shared over the
globe. Do you listen to
popular music? Or buy
brand name clothes? If
so, then you are
participating in popular
culture.
11. Socialization
Socialization is the process of learning behaviour that is
considered suitable in your culture. Many agents of
socialization have operated in your life. They have
included individuals, groups and institutions.
Institutions are organizations with social, educational,
and religious purposes. Here are some examples:
Family Schools
Peer Groups Clubs & Organizations
Teams Religious Groups
Community Government
Mass Media
12. School Culture
Formal Groups: organized groups that contribute to a
culture. (ex.: chess club, basketball team or student
council.)
Informal Groups: groups that meet for common reasons
(ex.: students who skateboard together, students who
meet to eat lunch together, or students who volunteer to
clean up the cafeteria)
In many cases, schools encourage interaction,
cooperation, and communication among students. They
value the ability to resolve conflicts. Usually they focus
on 3 types of interaction:
Dialogue
Problem Solving
Mediation
*** See Page 77 Figure 5.13
13. Discussion
1. Consider a popular movie, TV
show, comedy or drama, or a
commercial
2. Analyze it. Identify what cultural
values are reflected in that program?
- the way people talk, dress, interact
- the way they solve conflicts
- try to show specific examples
14. Mainstream & Contributing Cultures
Mainstream
Is the general culture
of the majority of
people.
Contributing
These cultures flow into the
mainstream culture.
These cultures are made
up of smaller groups of
people.
A mainstream culture in a local area may be a
contributing culture in a larger region.
15. Celebrating Cultural Diversity
Humans are social creatures who develop by interacting
with each other, for example:
- Most people belong to some sort of family grouping.
- Everyone belongs to an ethnic group who share a common
background ( which can include a country of origin).
- Members of a linguistic group share a common language.
(*There are more than 6000 languages spoken worldwide).
- Many people also belong to a religious group.
(*There are more than 122 000 different religious sects of
groups)
17. In most countries, members of all
groups are encouraged to
assimilate
Canadian society is multi-cultural
18. Choose 1 of the 2 options. Prepare an
illustrated, colored report:
A. Material Culture: Choose an
invention. Do a little bit of research
into how this invention changed or
influenced mainstream culture (i.e.
computer, plane, wheel)
B. Non – material culture: Choose a
cultural group. Prepare a report on
that culture (note language, food,
clothing style, music etc. )
19. What is Racism?
The view that all members of a group are the same – rather
than individuals with differing abilties, personalities and
values, is known as a…….
STEREOTYPE
An opinion formed on previously held ideas and not on
knowledge or experience is known as a……
PREJUDICE
Unfair treatment towards a person or a group just because
they are different is known as……
DISCRIMINATION
The belief that a person’s abilities, personality, and values are
influnced by race, colour or ethnic origin is known as...
RACISM
20. Combatting Racism
There are 3 possible responses to people who are racaist:
• Ignore the Comments
• Getting Angry
• Challenging the Statement
Which one is the best???...
Those who ignore the racist comments, or get angry
rarely change the mindset of the racist person. The
most effective response is to defend your beliefs.
*** See Figure 6.9 on Page 89
21. Review…
What is Culture?
Quelle est la différence entre la
transmission génétique et culturelle?
What is anthropology?
What is Cultural Diversity?
Name 5 characteristics that are shared
among all cultures.
What is the difference between
physical & emotional needs? (provide an
example of each).
22. What is the difference between
material and non-material culture ?
(exemples of each)
What is the difference between
tradtional & popular culture ?
What is socialization?
What are some institutions of
socialization?
Review…
23. Review…
What is the difference between
structured and non-structured
groups? (examples of each)
What are the 3 ways to resolve
conflicts?
Explain the 3 types of interactions.
What is the difference between
mainstream cultures and contributing
cultures?
24. Do you have a culture?
No one is exactly like me.
I have many things in common with
the members of my family and
community.
Every person in the world needs
some of the same things I need.
25. Culture
Behaviors and beliefs that a group of
people have in common:
Physical Environment
Social Life
Political Beliefs
Economic Life
History
26. Discussion
How does it feel to know you are part
of a cultural group that shares many
ideas and beliefs?
How many different cultures are
represented in our class?
27. Debriefing
Does culture explain why other
sometimes seem “different?”
What are some of the things you do
that you learned from your culture?
Are all behaviors related to culture?
What can we do to learn about and
understand other cultures?
How can we use what we learn about
cultures to improve our community
and our relationships?
28. Extensions
Can we use what we learn about
cultures to improve our community
and our relationships?
29. Activity
Imagine a community that did not allow
their residents to display or practice any
element of cultural identity. What would
this community look like?
Write a short story
A song
As draw a picture
(20 minutes)
30. Warm up:
List as many symbols of North
American culture as you can:
-Apple pie
-Hotdogs
-Cars/pick up trucks
-Shopping
-Thanksgiving….
