Cubosomes are sub-micron, self-assembled liquid crystalline nanoparticles that have a honeycomb-like cubic structure capable of encapsulating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs and molecules. They offer several advantages for drug delivery such as high drug loading capacity, skin permeation enhancement, and ability to provide controlled release. Cubosomes are prepared using either a top-down method involving high-energy homogenization or a bottom-up method using solvent dilution and hydrotropes. Their structure allows entrapment of molecules within internal aqueous pores ranging from 10-500nm in diameter.
Cubosomes a drug delivery system
❖Introduction :
• Cubosomes are the square and rounded particles with internal cubic lattices visible. • Cubosomes are self-assembled nanostructured particles formed by aqueous lipid and surfactant systems. • Cubosomes are thermodynamically stable; they have a structure like “honeycombed”.
2
❖Defination :
• Cubosomes are nanoparticles but instead of the solid particles usually encountered, cubosomes are self-assembled liquid crystalline particles with a solid-like rheology that provides unique properties of practical interest.
Fig. Cubosomes with different drug loading modalities
3
❖Advantages of Cubosomes
• 1.High drug payloads due to high internal surface area and cubic
crystalline structures.
• 2.Relatively simple method of preparation.
• 3.Biodegradability of lipids.
• 4.Capability of encapsulating hydrophilic, hydrophobic and
amphiphilic substances.
4
• 5. Targeted release and controlled release of bioactive agents.
• 6. While most liquid crystalline systems transform into micelles at
higher levels of dilution, cubosomes remain stable almost at any
dilution level because of the relative insolubility of cubic phase
forming lipid in water. So, cubosomes can easily be incorporated into
product formulations.
• 7. The cubic phases of cubosomes can form particulate dispersions
that are colloidally and thermodynamically stable for longer time.
5
❖Disadvantages of Cubosomes
• Large scale production is sometimes difficult because of high viscosity.
6
ꙮꙮꙮ Manufacture of Cubosomesꙮꙮꙮ
Cubosomes can be manufactured by two distinct methods:
1. Top down technique
2. Bottom up technique ❖ Liquid Cubosomes Precursors :- (The Hydrotrop Dilution Process) ❖ Powder Cubosomes Precursors
Colloidal particles ranging in size between 10 & 1000 nm are known as nanoparticles.
SLNs are new generation of submicron sized lipid emulsion where the liquid lipid(oil) has been substituted by a solid lipid.
Example: Capture - Dior
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to show how nanotechnology for drug deliver is becoming economically feasible.
Cubosomes a drug delivery system
❖Introduction :
• Cubosomes are the square and rounded particles with internal cubic lattices visible. • Cubosomes are self-assembled nanostructured particles formed by aqueous lipid and surfactant systems. • Cubosomes are thermodynamically stable; they have a structure like “honeycombed”.
2
❖Defination :
• Cubosomes are nanoparticles but instead of the solid particles usually encountered, cubosomes are self-assembled liquid crystalline particles with a solid-like rheology that provides unique properties of practical interest.
Fig. Cubosomes with different drug loading modalities
3
❖Advantages of Cubosomes
• 1.High drug payloads due to high internal surface area and cubic
crystalline structures.
• 2.Relatively simple method of preparation.
• 3.Biodegradability of lipids.
• 4.Capability of encapsulating hydrophilic, hydrophobic and
amphiphilic substances.
4
• 5. Targeted release and controlled release of bioactive agents.
• 6. While most liquid crystalline systems transform into micelles at
higher levels of dilution, cubosomes remain stable almost at any
dilution level because of the relative insolubility of cubic phase
forming lipid in water. So, cubosomes can easily be incorporated into
product formulations.
• 7. The cubic phases of cubosomes can form particulate dispersions
that are colloidally and thermodynamically stable for longer time.
5
❖Disadvantages of Cubosomes
• Large scale production is sometimes difficult because of high viscosity.
6
ꙮꙮꙮ Manufacture of Cubosomesꙮꙮꙮ
Cubosomes can be manufactured by two distinct methods:
1. Top down technique
2. Bottom up technique ❖ Liquid Cubosomes Precursors :- (The Hydrotrop Dilution Process) ❖ Powder Cubosomes Precursors
Colloidal particles ranging in size between 10 & 1000 nm are known as nanoparticles.
SLNs are new generation of submicron sized lipid emulsion where the liquid lipid(oil) has been substituted by a solid lipid.
Example: Capture - Dior
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to show how nanotechnology for drug deliver is becoming economically feasible.
NANOTECHNOLOGY comprises technological developments on the nanometer scale, usually 0.1 to 100 nm. Nanotechnology, the science of the small. Nano is Greek for dwarf, and nanoscience deals with the study of molecular and atomic particles.
NANOTECHNOLOGY comprises technological developments on the nanometer scale, usually 0.1 to 100 nm. Nanotechnology, the science of the small. Nano is Greek for dwarf, and nanoscience deals with the study of molecular and atomic particles.
Liposomes by Mr. Vishal Shelke
https://youtube.com/vishalshelke99
https://instagram.com/vishal_stagram
Liposomes
Sub :- Novel Drug Delievery Systems, Sterile Products Formulation & Technology
M.Pharm Sem II
Savitribai Phule Pune University
Introduction :-
Liposomes are vesicular structures composed of a lipid bilayer. These vesicular structures can be used as a vehicle for administration of nutrients and drugs.
Liposomes are concentric bilayered vesicles in which an aqueous volume is entirely enclosed by a membranous lipid bilayer.
Liposomes consist of Cholesterol, Phospholipid and drug molecule
Classification of Liposomes :-
Small Unilamellar (SUV) [20-100nm]
Medium Unilamellar (MUV)
Large Unilamellar (LUV) [>100nm]
Giant Unilamellar (GUV) [>1μm]
Multi Lamellar Vesicles (MLV) [0.5nm]
Oligolamellar Vesicles (OLV)
Multi Vesicular (MV) [>1μm]
ADVANTAGES
Provides selective passive targeting to tumor tissues.
Increased efficacy and therapeutic index.
Increased stability via encapsulation.
Reduction in toxicity of the encapsulated agents.
Improved pharmacokinetic effects (reduced elimination, increased circulation life times).
DISADVANTAGES
low solubility
short half life
high production cost
less stability
leakage and fusion of encapsulated drug
sometimes the phospholipid layer undergoes oxidation and hydrolysis reaction
Methods of Preparation of Liposomes
1 Mechanical Dispersion Method
Lipid film hydration by
hand shaken MLVs
Micro emulsification
Sonication
French pressure cell
Dried reconstituted vesicles
Membrane Extrusion Method
2 Solvent Dispersion Method
Ethanol injection
Ether injection
Double emulsion vesicles
Reverse phase
evaporation vesicles
3 Detergent Removal Method
Niosomes are vesicles composed mainly of hydrated non-ionic surfactant with or without cholesterol used for targetted drug delivery. Niosomes are better than liposomes as they are cost effective, stable, and can be stored for a long period of time.
Niosomes, Aquasomes, Phytosomes,Electrosomes Molecular pharmaceutics (MPH 201T) PRESENTATION BY- NARAYAN R KOTE M PHARM [PHARMACEUTICS] ROLL NO. 8 GUIDANCE BY :- Dr . TIWARI S. S
CONTENTS
NIOSOMES
AQUASOMES
PHYTOSOMES
ELECTROSOMES
NIOSOMES
Niosomes are a novel drug delivery system, in which the medication is encapsulated in a vesicle. The vesicle is composed of a bilayer of non-ionic surface active agents and hence the name niosomes.
The niosomes are very small, and microscopic in size.
Their size lies in the nanometric scale. Although structurally similar to liposomes, they offer several advantages over them.
Niosomes have recently been shown to greatly increase transdermal drug delivery and also can be used in targeted drug delivery, and thus increased study in these structures can provide new methods for drug delivery.
STRUCTURE OF NIOSOMES
Structurally, niosomes are similar to liposomes, in that they are also made up of a bilayer.
However, the bilayer in the case of niosomes is made up of non-ionic surface active agents rather than phospholipids as seen in the case of liposomes.
Most surface active agents when immersed in water yield micellar structures however some surfactants can yield bilayer vesicles which are niosomes.
STRUCTURE OF NIOSOMES
Structurally, niosomes are similar to liposomes, in that they are also made up of a bilayer.
However, the bilayer in the case of niosomes is made up of non-ionic surface active agents rather than phospholipids as seen in the case of liposomes.
Most surface active agents when immersed in water yield micellar structures however some surfactants can yield bilayer vesicles which are niosomes.
APPLICATION OF NIOSOMES
Drug Targetting
One of the most useful aspects of niosomes is their ability to target drugs.
Niosomes can be used to target drugs to the reticuloendothelial system.It can be achieved by coating with polymer e.g. PEG.
In Diagnosis
Niosomes have also been used as carriers for iobitridol, a diagnostic agent used for X-ray imaging.
Anti-neoplastic Treatment
Most antineoplastic drugs cause severe side effects.
Niosomes can alter the metabolism; prolong circulation and half life of the drug, thus decreasing the side effects of the drugs.
Niosomes, is decreased rate of proliferation of tumor and higher plasma levels accompanied by slower elimination.Leishmaniasis :-
Leishmaniasis is a disease in which a parasite of the genus Leishmania invades the cells of the liver and spleen.
Use of niosomes in tests conducted showed that it was possible to administer higher levels of the drug without the triggering of the side effects, and thus allowed greater efficacy in treatment.
Delivery of Peptide Drugs:-
Oral peptide drug delivery has long been faced with a challenge of bypassing the enzymes which would breakdown the peptide.
Use of niosomes to successfully protect the peptides from gastrointestinal peptide breakdown is being investigated.
In an in-vitro study conducted by ODDS.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
3. Introduction
Cubosomes are discrete, sub-micron, nanostructured particles of the
bicontinuous cubic liquid crystalline phase.
The term Cubosomes was coined by Larsson, which reflects the cubic
molecular crystallography and similarity to liposomes.
These are nanoparticles which are self-assembled liquid crystalline
particles of certain surfactants with proper ratio of water with
microstructure.
They are thermodynamically stable and they have carvenous (honeycomb)
structures which are tightly packed twisted into three dimensional
bilayers.
This type of complex structure allows them to have greater drug loading
ability. Cubosomes have ability to encapsulate the hydrophobic,
hydrophilic, amphiphilic substances.
4. Advantages of Cubosomes
It is economic.
It is non-toxic and biocompatible.
Method of preparation is simple.
It has excellent bio adhesive properties.
It has skin permeation enhancement.
For longer time they are thermodynamically stable.
Capability of encapsulating hydrophilic, hydrophobic and amphiphilic
substances.
Targeted release and controlled release of bioactive agents.
Due to high internal surface area & cubic crystalline structures there is
high drug loading.
Disadvantages of Cubosomes
Due to presence of large amounts of water inside cubosomes there is low
entrapment of water soluble drugs.
Because of the high viscosity the large scale production is sometimes
difficult.
5. Structure of Cubosomes
Cubosomes have honeycombed (cavernous) structures whose size range
from 10–500 nm in diameter. They appear like dots, which are slightly
spherical in structure. Each dot corresponds to the presence of pore
containing aqueous cubic phase in lipid water system.
6. Method of Preparation
Cubosomes can be manufactured by two different techniques:
Top-Down Technique
The top down-method is the most widely used technique for cubosomes preparation, it
involves two main steps. Firstly, mixing the cubosomes forming lipid with a suitable
stabilizer to form the bulk viscous cubic aggregates. Secondly, dispersion of the
produced viscous cubic aggregates in aqueous media by the application of high energy
as high pressure homogenizer or sonication finally resulting in the formation of
cubosomes.
Bottom-Up Technique
This approach is commonly referred to as solvent dilution method, it involves
dispersion of mixture containing cubosomes forming lipid, the stabilizer and a
hydrotrope in excess of water with the application of minimal energy input.
Hydrotrope is the key factor in the bottom-up approach as it is added to dissolve water-
insoluble lipids to form lipid precursors and prevent the formation of liquid crystals at
high concentration. Urea, sodium alginate and sodium benzoate are among the most
commonly used hydrotropes.
10. References
A review on cubosome: The novel drug delivery system
Sadhu Venkateswara Rao *, Beram Naga Sravya and Kantamneni Padmalatha
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2018.5.1.0089
Cubosomes: The Inimitable Nanoparticulate Drug Carriers Rohit R. Bhosale1 *,
Riyaz Ali Osmani1 , Bhargav R. Harkare2 , Prasanna P. Ghodake2
Cubosomes: composition, preparation, and drug delivery applications. Sherif A.
Gaballa* , Omar H. El Garhy, Hamdy Abdelkader
https://www.google.com/images/cubosemes
