Use of Solid Timber Waste as Potential Raw Material for Novel Herbal Drugs: Multidisciplinary Research, Development, and Innovation by Luciana Jankowsky in Modern Applications in Pharmacy & Pharmacology
This study analyzed 31 Thai medicinal plant species commonly used in traditional medicine in northeast Thailand. The plants were grouped into digestive tonic, diarrheal relief, anti-tussive, and anti-inflammation categories based on their traditional uses. The study determined total antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content, ascorbic acid content, and levels of some phytochemicals for the plants. The results showed variation in these biochemical parameters among the different plant groups. Anti-tussive plants generally had higher total antioxidant activity and phenolic/ascorbic acid levels than diarrheal relief and anti-inflammation plants. Digestive tonic plants exhibited strong free radical scavenging activity.
Structural Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Cocculus hirsutus L...BRNSS Publication Hub
Many number of the plant species including Cocculus hirsutus L. is being used as the sources of herbal
medicine. Present work was mainly focused with the identification of the therapeutic properties of
C. hirsutus L. leaf extracts. The leaf extracts of methanol, aqueous, chloroform, and benzene showed
solvent dependent qualitative and quantitative phytochemical presence as well as antimicrobial activity.
Whereas the leaf extracts of methanol and chloroform showed significantly high antimicrobial activity
than water and benzene extracts. Further methanol leaf extract of C. hirsutus performed to liquid
chromato y-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) for identification of active antimicrobial compound structure.
LC-MS studies give 26 structural compounds. Docking (annotating) studies revealed that among 26
compounds the Compound-5 (Hexadecanoic acid - (1R, 2R, 3S, 4R, 6S)-4, 6-diamino-2, 3-dihydroxy
cyclohexyl 2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside) showed highest docking fitness score with
the bacterial membrane protein sortase-A. Our data suggest that methanol extract of C. hirsutus leaf
possess medicinally significant antimicrobial compounds and thus justify the use of this leaf as folklore
medicine for preventing human microbial related diseases.
This study investigated the toxicity and genotoxicity of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil in mice after repeated oral intake over 21 days. The researchers found no evidence of toxicity based on measurements of body and organ weights, histological examination of tissues, urinalysis, and clinical biochemistry. Additionally, lemongrass essential oil reduced blood cholesterol levels at the highest dose tested. The comet assay also showed no genotoxic effects. The study concluded that lemongrass intake at the doses used in traditional medicine is safe, and may have beneficial effects in reducing blood cholesterol.
chức năng chống oxy hóa và kháng khuẩn của cây sảCong Tai
This document describes a study that evaluated the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of lemongrass plant (Cymbopogon citratus) extracts obtained using different solvents. Leaf extracts from C. citratus were tested against various human pathogens using disc diffusion assays and DPPH radical scavenging assays. The results showed that chloroform, methanol, and water extracts of C. citratus exhibited maximum inhibition zones against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus vulgaris. The extracts also demonstrated antioxidant effects by scavenging DPPH radicals and protecting DNA from oxidative damage. The study suggests that lemongrass plant extracts have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties that could offer health benefits.
Studies of in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of extracts and isol...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of extracts and isolated compounds from Parinari curatellifolia. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed moderate antioxidant activity in the DPPH radical scavenging assay, with IC50 values of 13.47 μg/mL and 5.667 μg/mL, respectively. In cytotoxicity testing against cervical cancer cells (HeLa cell line), the extracts and pure compounds displayed dose-dependent cytotoxic effects. The ethyl acetate extract and compounds C7 and C8 showed the most potent cytotoxic activities, with IC50 values below 100 μg/mL. The results provide support for the traditional use of P. curatellifolia in cancer treatment and indicate that further investigation
Pharmacokinetic Properties of Biomass-extracted Substances Isolated by Green ...Michal Jablonsky
According to the literature, approximately 41 nutraceutical compounds have been isolated from different types of biomass using green solvents. It is important to collect information on the pharmacokinetic properties of the nutraceutical substances from biomass isolated according to the published papers. The pharmacokinetic properties of the bioactive substances extracted by green solvents, such as the molecular weight, logP, AlogP, H-bond acceptor, H-bond donor, total polar surface area, atom molar refractivity, number of rotatable bonds, number of atoms, rotatable bond count, number of rigid bonds, number of atom rings, and number of H-bonds, were calculated with a drug-likeness tool. In practical terms, the original and most well-known Lipinski's Rule of Five (Ro5) was applied to 28 substances, namely 3-hydroxytyrosol; apigenin; artemisinin; bergapten; bilobalide; biochanin A; caffeic Acid; caffeoylmalic acid; catechins; cinnamic acid; curcumin; daidzei; daidzin; epicatechin; gallic acid; genistein; ginkgolide A; ginkgolide B; levofloxacin; luteolin; naringenin; p-coumaric acid; protocatechuic acid; psoralen; quercetin; trans-ferulic acid; tyrosol, and vanillin.
11.protective effect of phyllanthus niruri on dmba croton oil mediated carcin...Alexander Decker
1) The study investigated the protective effects of Phyllanthus niruri extract (PNE) on skin carcinogenesis and oxidative damage in mice induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and croton oil.
2) PNE significantly reduced tumor incidence, burden, volume and weight compared to the carcinogen control group. It also prolonged the latent period of tumor occurrence.
3) PNE protected against losses in antioxidant levels like glutathione, vitamin C and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the liver and skin caused by DMBA/croton oil. It also reduced lipid peroxidation levels.
4) PNE administration
GC-MS Analysis and Evaluation of In-vitro Antioxidant Potential and Total Phe...Innspub Net
Wild hops (Flemingia strobilifera Linn.) is a shrub belonging to Fabaceae family. The leaves of F. strobilifera are commonly used by the Subanen, the indigenous group in Lapuyan, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines to treat inflammation. In this study, the hydromethanolic (80%) and aqueous leaf extracts of F. strobilifera were evaluated for their antioxidant activity and total phenolics content. The active semi-volatile components of 80% methanol leaf extract were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). DPPH radical scavenging activity was used to determine the potential of this plant as anti-oxidant. Total phenolics content was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and calculated as gallic acid equivalence. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of eight compounds. Both the 80% methanol and aqueous extracts of F. strobilifera showed significant scavenging activity with low IC50 values of 0.299 mg/mL and <0.25 mg/mL, respectively. There was positive correlation between the scavenging activity percentage and the total phenolics content only in the aqueous extract of F. strobilifera while 80% methanol extract showed negative correlation between inhibition percentage and total phenolics content which can be attributed to the solvent used and method used in quantification of phenolics. Nevertheless, the results suggest that these leaf extracts are potent source of antioxidant compounds and may serve as natural anti-inflammatory agents.
This study analyzed 31 Thai medicinal plant species commonly used in traditional medicine in northeast Thailand. The plants were grouped into digestive tonic, diarrheal relief, anti-tussive, and anti-inflammation categories based on their traditional uses. The study determined total antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content, ascorbic acid content, and levels of some phytochemicals for the plants. The results showed variation in these biochemical parameters among the different plant groups. Anti-tussive plants generally had higher total antioxidant activity and phenolic/ascorbic acid levels than diarrheal relief and anti-inflammation plants. Digestive tonic plants exhibited strong free radical scavenging activity.
Structural Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Cocculus hirsutus L...BRNSS Publication Hub
Many number of the plant species including Cocculus hirsutus L. is being used as the sources of herbal
medicine. Present work was mainly focused with the identification of the therapeutic properties of
C. hirsutus L. leaf extracts. The leaf extracts of methanol, aqueous, chloroform, and benzene showed
solvent dependent qualitative and quantitative phytochemical presence as well as antimicrobial activity.
Whereas the leaf extracts of methanol and chloroform showed significantly high antimicrobial activity
than water and benzene extracts. Further methanol leaf extract of C. hirsutus performed to liquid
chromato y-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) for identification of active antimicrobial compound structure.
LC-MS studies give 26 structural compounds. Docking (annotating) studies revealed that among 26
compounds the Compound-5 (Hexadecanoic acid - (1R, 2R, 3S, 4R, 6S)-4, 6-diamino-2, 3-dihydroxy
cyclohexyl 2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside) showed highest docking fitness score with
the bacterial membrane protein sortase-A. Our data suggest that methanol extract of C. hirsutus leaf
possess medicinally significant antimicrobial compounds and thus justify the use of this leaf as folklore
medicine for preventing human microbial related diseases.
This study investigated the toxicity and genotoxicity of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil in mice after repeated oral intake over 21 days. The researchers found no evidence of toxicity based on measurements of body and organ weights, histological examination of tissues, urinalysis, and clinical biochemistry. Additionally, lemongrass essential oil reduced blood cholesterol levels at the highest dose tested. The comet assay also showed no genotoxic effects. The study concluded that lemongrass intake at the doses used in traditional medicine is safe, and may have beneficial effects in reducing blood cholesterol.
chức năng chống oxy hóa và kháng khuẩn của cây sảCong Tai
This document describes a study that evaluated the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of lemongrass plant (Cymbopogon citratus) extracts obtained using different solvents. Leaf extracts from C. citratus were tested against various human pathogens using disc diffusion assays and DPPH radical scavenging assays. The results showed that chloroform, methanol, and water extracts of C. citratus exhibited maximum inhibition zones against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus vulgaris. The extracts also demonstrated antioxidant effects by scavenging DPPH radicals and protecting DNA from oxidative damage. The study suggests that lemongrass plant extracts have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties that could offer health benefits.
Studies of in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of extracts and isol...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of extracts and isolated compounds from Parinari curatellifolia. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed moderate antioxidant activity in the DPPH radical scavenging assay, with IC50 values of 13.47 μg/mL and 5.667 μg/mL, respectively. In cytotoxicity testing against cervical cancer cells (HeLa cell line), the extracts and pure compounds displayed dose-dependent cytotoxic effects. The ethyl acetate extract and compounds C7 and C8 showed the most potent cytotoxic activities, with IC50 values below 100 μg/mL. The results provide support for the traditional use of P. curatellifolia in cancer treatment and indicate that further investigation
Pharmacokinetic Properties of Biomass-extracted Substances Isolated by Green ...Michal Jablonsky
According to the literature, approximately 41 nutraceutical compounds have been isolated from different types of biomass using green solvents. It is important to collect information on the pharmacokinetic properties of the nutraceutical substances from biomass isolated according to the published papers. The pharmacokinetic properties of the bioactive substances extracted by green solvents, such as the molecular weight, logP, AlogP, H-bond acceptor, H-bond donor, total polar surface area, atom molar refractivity, number of rotatable bonds, number of atoms, rotatable bond count, number of rigid bonds, number of atom rings, and number of H-bonds, were calculated with a drug-likeness tool. In practical terms, the original and most well-known Lipinski's Rule of Five (Ro5) was applied to 28 substances, namely 3-hydroxytyrosol; apigenin; artemisinin; bergapten; bilobalide; biochanin A; caffeic Acid; caffeoylmalic acid; catechins; cinnamic acid; curcumin; daidzei; daidzin; epicatechin; gallic acid; genistein; ginkgolide A; ginkgolide B; levofloxacin; luteolin; naringenin; p-coumaric acid; protocatechuic acid; psoralen; quercetin; trans-ferulic acid; tyrosol, and vanillin.
11.protective effect of phyllanthus niruri on dmba croton oil mediated carcin...Alexander Decker
1) The study investigated the protective effects of Phyllanthus niruri extract (PNE) on skin carcinogenesis and oxidative damage in mice induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and croton oil.
2) PNE significantly reduced tumor incidence, burden, volume and weight compared to the carcinogen control group. It also prolonged the latent period of tumor occurrence.
3) PNE protected against losses in antioxidant levels like glutathione, vitamin C and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the liver and skin caused by DMBA/croton oil. It also reduced lipid peroxidation levels.
4) PNE administration
GC-MS Analysis and Evaluation of In-vitro Antioxidant Potential and Total Phe...Innspub Net
Wild hops (Flemingia strobilifera Linn.) is a shrub belonging to Fabaceae family. The leaves of F. strobilifera are commonly used by the Subanen, the indigenous group in Lapuyan, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines to treat inflammation. In this study, the hydromethanolic (80%) and aqueous leaf extracts of F. strobilifera were evaluated for their antioxidant activity and total phenolics content. The active semi-volatile components of 80% methanol leaf extract were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). DPPH radical scavenging activity was used to determine the potential of this plant as anti-oxidant. Total phenolics content was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and calculated as gallic acid equivalence. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of eight compounds. Both the 80% methanol and aqueous extracts of F. strobilifera showed significant scavenging activity with low IC50 values of 0.299 mg/mL and <0.25 mg/mL, respectively. There was positive correlation between the scavenging activity percentage and the total phenolics content only in the aqueous extract of F. strobilifera while 80% methanol extract showed negative correlation between inhibition percentage and total phenolics content which can be attributed to the solvent used and method used in quantification of phenolics. Nevertheless, the results suggest that these leaf extracts are potent source of antioxidant compounds and may serve as natural anti-inflammatory agents.
GC/MS analysis and In-vitro Antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Uloth...IOSRJPBS
The determination of phytochemical constituents, total phenol, flavonoid contents and antioxidant assays of methanol extract of Ulothrix flacca and its main constituent dimethyl sulfone was studied. The mass spectra of the compounds were matched with the NIST library. The GC-MS analysis of methanol extracts of Ulothrix flacca showed sixteen peaks. Of all the sixteen chemical compounds revealed from the GC-MS analysis of Ulothrix flacca, Dimethyl Sulfone (C2H6O2S) (RT-8.9), 4-Bromobenzoic Acid, 2-Chlorophenyl Ester (C13H8BrClO2) (RT-12.642), Tetradecanoic Acid, 10,13-Dimethyl-, Methyl Ester (C17H34O2) (RT-18.669) are the three major components. The methanol extracts of Ulothrix flacca possess phenolic and flavonoid content of (5.74 ± 0.45mg Gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g Wt, and 12.58 ± 1.52mg quercetin eq/g wt) respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, for evaluating free radicle scavenging activity, ABTS radical cation scavenging activity, Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, Phosphomolybdenum assay and Metal chelating activity using BHT, Rutin and Quercetin. The highest radicle scavenging activity was shown by dimethyl sulfone (15.156mg/ml), which is higher than the BHT and Rutin. In vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Ulothrix flacca and Dimethyl sulfone showed an increase with increasing concentration indicating positive association with the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract, which could be considered for future applications in medicine, dietary supplements ,cosmetics or food industries.
HPTLC determination of carotenoid profile in the leaf and bark samples of lor...Jing Zang
Influence of host plants on the carotenoid profile of Loranthus longiflorus leaf and bark samples collected from Casuarina equisetifolia and Ficus religiosa host trees were determined by HPTLC method. The methanol extract of L. longiflorus leaf samples obtained from C. equisetifolia host trees showed 9 compounds while it was 8 compounds in the leaf samples collected from F. religiosa host tree. Among the compounds, 5 and 3 compound in each sample, respectively, was identified as carotinoids while the others were unknown. Four compounds from each leaf samples collected from C. equisetifolia (peak no. 4- 6 & 8) and F. religiosa (peak no. 1-3 & 6) host trees showed similar Rf values (0.15, 0.19, 0.23 & 0.53, respectively). Similarly, the methanol extract of L. longiflorus bark sample collected from C. equisetifolia and F. religiosa host trees contained 8 compounds each. Of these compounds only 3 from each sample was identified as carotenoids whereas others were unknown and none of these compounds showed any similar Rf values. One compound from leaf and park samples of L. longiflorus collected from C. equisetifolia (peak no. 6 & 4) and F. religiosa (peak no. 4 & 3) showed similar Rf values (0.23 & 0.26), respectively.
ABSTRACT- This research evaluated the phytotoxic effect of the hexane (H.E), ethyl acetate (EtOAc.E) and methanolic (MeOH.E) crude extracts of the Tephrosia cinerea leaves on the seed germination of seeds using two weed species, Mimosa pudica (Malícia) and Senna obtusifolia (Mata-pasto), as test plants. The compounds were isolated using classic chromatography techniques and the structural elucidation of the compounds was performed by 1H and 13C NMR (1D and 2D) techniques. The ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of T. cinerea were the most active, as they inhibited the germination of seeds in 92.0% and 81.0% respectively of malícia and mata-pasto, the ethyl acetate extract inhibited germination by 81.0% and the methanolic extract by 32.0%. The chemical study led to isolation of cinnamic acid and rotenone from the ethyl acetate extract, and mixture containing triacylglycerol and β-sitosterol fatty acids from the hexane extract and the disaccharide trehalose from methanolic extract.
Key-words- Invasive species, Phytotoxicity, Crude extracts, Rotenone
Sulfentrazone and Flumetsulam herbicides caused DNA damage and Instability in...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Boral 500® (sulfentrazone as active ingredient) and Scorpion® (flumetsulam as active ingredient) are herbicides widely used in Brazil´s soybean crops. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency classificated them as non-carcinogenic and no mutagenic, but literature shows that often this classification is misguided. Allium cepa assay was chosen to evaluate these herbicides, once it analyzes the frequency of micronuclei (MN), chromosomal aberrations (CA) and the mitotic index (MI). Four concentrations of each herbicide (50, 75, 100 and 125 %) were tested in triplicate using distilled water (negative control) and methyl methanesulfonate (positive control) as controls. Three experimental repetitions were realized. Boral 500® showed a higher MI in all concentrations, and higher CA and MN in the 75%, 100% and 125% concentration, with no recovery. Scorpion® showed a higher MI, CA and MN in 100% and 125% concentration, with recovery only for MI and CA. Both herbicides showed mutagenic damage and increased proliferative capacity in Allium cepa. So on, these herbicides should be revaluated as mutagenicity and carcinogenicity for responsible agencies.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Effects of separation on the phytochemical properties and antimicrobial activ...Alexander Decker
The document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of separation on the phytochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of extracts and a fraction from the leaves of the African mistletoe (Loranthus micranthus). Three extracts (crude petroleum ether extract, ethanol extract of the petroleum ether residue, and an ethylacetate residue fraction) were separated via thin layer chromatography. Phytochemical screening found tannins, steroids, and terpenes in some extracts. Antimicrobial testing found some bands were active against bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. When bands were combined, there was increased activity against other microbes, suggesting synergistic effects
This document derives Biomonitoring Equivalents (BEs) for triclosan based on recent health risk assessments and pharmacokinetic data. BEs provide screening values to evaluate biomonitoring data in a health risk context. The US EPA, EC, and Australian risk assessments identified no-observed-adverse-effect levels and reference doses for triclosan. Based on human and animal pharmacokinetic studies, the document estimates BE values in urine and plasma corresponding to the exposure guidelines. The urinary BEs were 6.4 and 2.6 mg/L, and the plasma BEs were 0.3, 0.9, and 0.4 mg/L corresponding to the different risk
Removal of Ciprofloxacin (CIP) by bacteria isolated from hospital effluent wa...AI Publications
Most antibiotics are metabolized incompletely by patients after administration and enter the municipal sewage with the patients’ excretion. Therefore, studies on the biodegradability of some clinically important drugs can be taken as a very first step of an environmental risk assessment. The present study reports the biodegradation of CIP by Lactobacillus gesseri, Enterobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Bacillus subtilius and Micrococcus luteus which were isolated as CIP resistance, non pathogenic bacteria. The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria was identified using the 16s rRNA sequencing. A 0.5ml of overnight starved bacterial suspensions was introduced into medium containing CIP at 5 ppm. Triplicate samples were incubated at 280C with shaking at 100ppm. A 0.5 ml of subsamples was removed at 2 days interval for a period of 14 days. Samples were subjected to High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were carried out for each sample at the end of the 14 days to find structures of by-products. Complete degradation of CIP by L. gasserri was detected at the end of 14 days of incubation with average degradation rate of 0.182 ±0.15µg /day. Descending degradation rates were followed by Enterobacter sp. (0.75 ±0.03 d-1) and Bacillus sp. (0.41±0.02d-1) at 8 and 6 days respectively. However, clear cut degradation of CIP was not detected for B.subtilis and Micrococcus luteus respectively. Further, FTIR spectrum revealed that incubation of L. gesseri, Enterobacter sp. and Bacillus sp., changed the piperazine ring and quinolone part in the CIP structure while degradation occurred.
Phytochemical analyses of aqueous extracts of two medicinal plants from gabon...Alexander Decker
This article summarizes a study that analyzed the phytochemical composition of aqueous extracts of two medicinal plants used in Gabon, Pseudospondias longifolia and Antrocaryon klaineanum. Phytochemical screening found alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and reductor compounds in extracts of both plants, while flavonoids were only present in P. longifolia extracts. Sterols and terpenoids were not detected in either plant. The results provide insight into the biochemical basis for the traditional medicinal uses of the plants.
This document summarizes the results of a study analyzing Calophyllum brasiliense extracts from two regions in Chiapas, Mexico for their ability to inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). The hexane extracts from both regions showed potent inhibition of HIV-1 RT in vitro, with IC50 values of 20.2 μg/ml for the Soconusco region extract. This extract was further analyzed by HPLC and found to contain calanolides B and C and apetalic acid. The extract was not toxic to mice up to a dose of 1.99 g/kg. Histological analysis of mouse tissues showed no alterations. The results suggest this extract is suitable for further studies developing an anti-HIV
Phytochemical Analysis of some Macrophytes of Lake Kondakarla, Visakhapatnam ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document discusses a study investigating the potential mutagenic effects of the synthetic food dye tartrazine (E102) using the plant Allium cepa. The results showed that tartrazine caused reductions in mitotic index, increases in mitotic abnormalities, and decreases in DNA and RNA content in A. cepa roots in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Tartrazine also induced changes to the protein banding pattern in A. cepa seeds. However, administering the antioxidant vitamin C was found to minimize the toxic effects caused by tartrazine. The study demonstrates the genotoxic effects of tartrazine and the protective action of vitamin C against this DNA damage.
Taxonomy is the methodology and principles of systematic botany and zoology and sets up arrangements of the kinds of plants and animals in hierarchies of superior and subordinate groups
Effects of organic and mineral fertilizers on total antioxidant, polyphenolic...Alexander Decker
This study examined the effects of organic and mineral fertilizers on antioxidant, polyphenol, and carotenoid content in orange-fleshed sweet potato tubers. Organic fertilizer significantly increased all three phytochemicals, with annual applications having the highest levels. Mineral fertilizers also significantly affected levels, with combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium influencing different compounds. The combination of minimal mineral doses with annual or biennial organic fertilizer produced the highest antioxidant, polyphenol, and carotenoid concentrations in the tubers.
Recovery of acetyl cholinesterase inhibition by Methanolic Bark Extract of Ac...Innspub Net
Organophosphates (OPs) pesticides are reported to cause acute poisoning because of their ability to inhibit acetyl cholinesterase enzyme (AChE). Available antidotes drugs are atropine sulfur, Pralidoxime (2-pyridine aldoxime methyl chloride) and diazepam, which act to recover OP-AChE inhibition. These are controlled drugs not easily accessed and very expensive. In this present study Acacia nilotica was assessed for its antioxidant activity, and in vivo AChE depression and recovery from OP-AChE inhibition. The mice were exposed in three different OPs including chlorpyrifos 480g/l (CPF), Fenitrothion 10g/l (FNT) and Profenophos 720g/l (PFP). The methanolic bark extract of A. nilotica had a substantial increase of absorbance readings from 2.895±0.0032 to 3.716±0.0259 compared to standard (ascorbic acid) from 0.108±0.0033 to 1.468±0.0297 at P<0.05. AChE depression and recovery were assessed by using the AChE test mate kit to analyze blood collected from the mice’s tail. Recovery effect under crude methanolic extract from A. nilotica, ascorbic acid and normal feeding were compared with the untreated group. Results have shown that there is a significant decrease of AChE level from Day zero to 14th day in all treated groups of CPF, PFP and FNT which indicate poisoning. Significance of AChE recovery observed only in male mice in all treatment groups. This is a first study to assess and report the antioxidant activity of stem bark methanolic extracts of A. nilotica in controlling organophosphate pesticide toxicity in mice, hence further studies on isolation of active compounds are recommended.
In-vivo anthelmintic evaluation of a processed herbal drug from Entada leptos...IOSR Journals
The document describes an in vivo study that evaluated the anthelmintic activity of a processed herbal drug from Entada leptostachya and Prosopis juliflora against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. The herbal drug showed maximum egg count reduction of 80.95% at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight on day 11 post-treatment. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of compounds including alkaloids, steroids, phenolic compounds, tannins and flavonoids that may contribute to the anthelmintic effects. The study suggests the herbal drug has comparable anthelmintic activity to the conventional drug levamisole and could be used as an alternative de
Mathew Pucuta - Official Research Project PresentationMateus Púcuta
The document describes the design and synthesis of isatin analogues by Mateus A. da C. Púcuta for their Master's thesis. The objectives were to design isatin analogues, synthesize them, and characterize the synthesized analogues. Isatin was selected as the natural product scaffold due to its wide range of biological activities. Various isatin analogues were designed and synthesized involving steps such as N-alkylation, O-alkylation, aldol condensation, and click reactions. The analogues and intermediates were characterized by melting point, TLC, NMR, and mass spectrometry. Further testing of the analogues for inhibitory activity against HIV protease and reverse transcriptase is proposed. The objectives were partially
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the phenolic compounds in Chilean mistletoe (Quintral, Tristerix tetrandus) using UHPLC–Q/Orbitrap/MS/MS. Six anthocyanins were identified, along with several phenolic acids and flavonols. The mistletoe leaves showed the highest antioxidant activity as measured by three assays. The compounds were characterized using mass spectrometry and correlated with antioxidant measurements.
This study investigated the antioxidant, anticancer, and chemopreventive properties of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts. Methanol and dichloromethane extracts were tested for their antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. The extracts were also evaluated for their antiproliferative effects on liver, colon, and breast cancer cell lines, as well as their ability to induce quinone reductase activity in liver cells as a measure of cancer chemoprevention. The results showed that the methanol extract had higher radical scavenging activity than the dichloromethane extract. Both extracts inhibited the growth of cancer cells, but the dichloromethane extract more strongly induced
Voss et al. - 2006 - Identification of potent anticancer activity in XiCristina Voss
An aqueous extract from Ximenia americana, a plant used in African traditional medicine, showed potent anticancer activity against various human and rat cancer cell lines. The extract was cytotoxic with IC50 values ranging from 1.7 to 170 mg/ml. In vivo, the extract significantly reduced tumor burden in a rat model of colorectal cancer when administered either orally or intraperitoneally. Phytochemical analysis identified the active compounds as proteins that bind galactose, with one protein containing an amino acid sequence identical to a peptide from the toxic ribosome-inactivating protein ricin. This suggests the extract's anticancer mechanism differs from common chemotherapeutics.
Cytotoxicity of Blended Versus Single Medicinal Mushroom Extracts on Human Ca...Jolene1981
ABSTRACT: The use of mushrooms contributes to human nutrition by providing low lipid content of lipids and high dietary fiber content, as well as significant content of other biologically active compounds such as polysaccharides, minerals, vitamins, and polyphenolic antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the content of polyphenols and polysaccharides, as well as the cytotoxic and antioxidative properties of several medicinal mushroom preparations. The content of total phenols and flavonoids of preparations of blended mushroom extracts (Lentifom, Super Polyporin, Agarikon, Agarikon Plus, Agarikon.1, and Mykoprotect.1) was evaluated quantitatively by using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy spectrophotometric methods. The antioxidant capacity of the preparations was evaluated using the ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power assays. The content of water-soluble polysaccharides was determined using a specific gravimetric method, based on ethanol precipitation. To determine cytotoxic effects of single and blended mushroom extracts, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and neutral red assays were conducted using human small cell lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, colon cancer, and brain astrocytoma cancer cells. The obtained results suggest that due to the significant content of beneficial polyphenolic antioxidants and soluble polysaccharides, use of these mushroom preparations is beneficial in maintaining good health, as well as in the prevention and adjuvant biotherapy of various human pathological aberrations. These results reveal that these extracts exhibit different cytotoxic effects on tumor cells originating from different tissues. In addition, the comparison of investigated blended mushroom extracts with three well-known commercial mushroom products derived from single mushroom species or single mushroom compounds shows that blended mushroom extracts exhibit significantly stronger cytotoxic effects on human tumor cell lines.
GC/MS analysis and In-vitro Antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Uloth...IOSRJPBS
The determination of phytochemical constituents, total phenol, flavonoid contents and antioxidant assays of methanol extract of Ulothrix flacca and its main constituent dimethyl sulfone was studied. The mass spectra of the compounds were matched with the NIST library. The GC-MS analysis of methanol extracts of Ulothrix flacca showed sixteen peaks. Of all the sixteen chemical compounds revealed from the GC-MS analysis of Ulothrix flacca, Dimethyl Sulfone (C2H6O2S) (RT-8.9), 4-Bromobenzoic Acid, 2-Chlorophenyl Ester (C13H8BrClO2) (RT-12.642), Tetradecanoic Acid, 10,13-Dimethyl-, Methyl Ester (C17H34O2) (RT-18.669) are the three major components. The methanol extracts of Ulothrix flacca possess phenolic and flavonoid content of (5.74 ± 0.45mg Gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g Wt, and 12.58 ± 1.52mg quercetin eq/g wt) respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, for evaluating free radicle scavenging activity, ABTS radical cation scavenging activity, Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, Phosphomolybdenum assay and Metal chelating activity using BHT, Rutin and Quercetin. The highest radicle scavenging activity was shown by dimethyl sulfone (15.156mg/ml), which is higher than the BHT and Rutin. In vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Ulothrix flacca and Dimethyl sulfone showed an increase with increasing concentration indicating positive association with the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract, which could be considered for future applications in medicine, dietary supplements ,cosmetics or food industries.
HPTLC determination of carotenoid profile in the leaf and bark samples of lor...Jing Zang
Influence of host plants on the carotenoid profile of Loranthus longiflorus leaf and bark samples collected from Casuarina equisetifolia and Ficus religiosa host trees were determined by HPTLC method. The methanol extract of L. longiflorus leaf samples obtained from C. equisetifolia host trees showed 9 compounds while it was 8 compounds in the leaf samples collected from F. religiosa host tree. Among the compounds, 5 and 3 compound in each sample, respectively, was identified as carotinoids while the others were unknown. Four compounds from each leaf samples collected from C. equisetifolia (peak no. 4- 6 & 8) and F. religiosa (peak no. 1-3 & 6) host trees showed similar Rf values (0.15, 0.19, 0.23 & 0.53, respectively). Similarly, the methanol extract of L. longiflorus bark sample collected from C. equisetifolia and F. religiosa host trees contained 8 compounds each. Of these compounds only 3 from each sample was identified as carotenoids whereas others were unknown and none of these compounds showed any similar Rf values. One compound from leaf and park samples of L. longiflorus collected from C. equisetifolia (peak no. 6 & 4) and F. religiosa (peak no. 4 & 3) showed similar Rf values (0.23 & 0.26), respectively.
ABSTRACT- This research evaluated the phytotoxic effect of the hexane (H.E), ethyl acetate (EtOAc.E) and methanolic (MeOH.E) crude extracts of the Tephrosia cinerea leaves on the seed germination of seeds using two weed species, Mimosa pudica (Malícia) and Senna obtusifolia (Mata-pasto), as test plants. The compounds were isolated using classic chromatography techniques and the structural elucidation of the compounds was performed by 1H and 13C NMR (1D and 2D) techniques. The ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of T. cinerea were the most active, as they inhibited the germination of seeds in 92.0% and 81.0% respectively of malícia and mata-pasto, the ethyl acetate extract inhibited germination by 81.0% and the methanolic extract by 32.0%. The chemical study led to isolation of cinnamic acid and rotenone from the ethyl acetate extract, and mixture containing triacylglycerol and β-sitosterol fatty acids from the hexane extract and the disaccharide trehalose from methanolic extract.
Key-words- Invasive species, Phytotoxicity, Crude extracts, Rotenone
Sulfentrazone and Flumetsulam herbicides caused DNA damage and Instability in...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Boral 500® (sulfentrazone as active ingredient) and Scorpion® (flumetsulam as active ingredient) are herbicides widely used in Brazil´s soybean crops. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency classificated them as non-carcinogenic and no mutagenic, but literature shows that often this classification is misguided. Allium cepa assay was chosen to evaluate these herbicides, once it analyzes the frequency of micronuclei (MN), chromosomal aberrations (CA) and the mitotic index (MI). Four concentrations of each herbicide (50, 75, 100 and 125 %) were tested in triplicate using distilled water (negative control) and methyl methanesulfonate (positive control) as controls. Three experimental repetitions were realized. Boral 500® showed a higher MI in all concentrations, and higher CA and MN in the 75%, 100% and 125% concentration, with no recovery. Scorpion® showed a higher MI, CA and MN in 100% and 125% concentration, with recovery only for MI and CA. Both herbicides showed mutagenic damage and increased proliferative capacity in Allium cepa. So on, these herbicides should be revaluated as mutagenicity and carcinogenicity for responsible agencies.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Effects of separation on the phytochemical properties and antimicrobial activ...Alexander Decker
The document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of separation on the phytochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of extracts and a fraction from the leaves of the African mistletoe (Loranthus micranthus). Three extracts (crude petroleum ether extract, ethanol extract of the petroleum ether residue, and an ethylacetate residue fraction) were separated via thin layer chromatography. Phytochemical screening found tannins, steroids, and terpenes in some extracts. Antimicrobial testing found some bands were active against bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. When bands were combined, there was increased activity against other microbes, suggesting synergistic effects
This document derives Biomonitoring Equivalents (BEs) for triclosan based on recent health risk assessments and pharmacokinetic data. BEs provide screening values to evaluate biomonitoring data in a health risk context. The US EPA, EC, and Australian risk assessments identified no-observed-adverse-effect levels and reference doses for triclosan. Based on human and animal pharmacokinetic studies, the document estimates BE values in urine and plasma corresponding to the exposure guidelines. The urinary BEs were 6.4 and 2.6 mg/L, and the plasma BEs were 0.3, 0.9, and 0.4 mg/L corresponding to the different risk
Removal of Ciprofloxacin (CIP) by bacteria isolated from hospital effluent wa...AI Publications
Most antibiotics are metabolized incompletely by patients after administration and enter the municipal sewage with the patients’ excretion. Therefore, studies on the biodegradability of some clinically important drugs can be taken as a very first step of an environmental risk assessment. The present study reports the biodegradation of CIP by Lactobacillus gesseri, Enterobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Bacillus subtilius and Micrococcus luteus which were isolated as CIP resistance, non pathogenic bacteria. The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria was identified using the 16s rRNA sequencing. A 0.5ml of overnight starved bacterial suspensions was introduced into medium containing CIP at 5 ppm. Triplicate samples were incubated at 280C with shaking at 100ppm. A 0.5 ml of subsamples was removed at 2 days interval for a period of 14 days. Samples were subjected to High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were carried out for each sample at the end of the 14 days to find structures of by-products. Complete degradation of CIP by L. gasserri was detected at the end of 14 days of incubation with average degradation rate of 0.182 ±0.15µg /day. Descending degradation rates were followed by Enterobacter sp. (0.75 ±0.03 d-1) and Bacillus sp. (0.41±0.02d-1) at 8 and 6 days respectively. However, clear cut degradation of CIP was not detected for B.subtilis and Micrococcus luteus respectively. Further, FTIR spectrum revealed that incubation of L. gesseri, Enterobacter sp. and Bacillus sp., changed the piperazine ring and quinolone part in the CIP structure while degradation occurred.
Phytochemical analyses of aqueous extracts of two medicinal plants from gabon...Alexander Decker
This article summarizes a study that analyzed the phytochemical composition of aqueous extracts of two medicinal plants used in Gabon, Pseudospondias longifolia and Antrocaryon klaineanum. Phytochemical screening found alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and reductor compounds in extracts of both plants, while flavonoids were only present in P. longifolia extracts. Sterols and terpenoids were not detected in either plant. The results provide insight into the biochemical basis for the traditional medicinal uses of the plants.
This document summarizes the results of a study analyzing Calophyllum brasiliense extracts from two regions in Chiapas, Mexico for their ability to inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). The hexane extracts from both regions showed potent inhibition of HIV-1 RT in vitro, with IC50 values of 20.2 μg/ml for the Soconusco region extract. This extract was further analyzed by HPLC and found to contain calanolides B and C and apetalic acid. The extract was not toxic to mice up to a dose of 1.99 g/kg. Histological analysis of mouse tissues showed no alterations. The results suggest this extract is suitable for further studies developing an anti-HIV
Phytochemical Analysis of some Macrophytes of Lake Kondakarla, Visakhapatnam ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document discusses a study investigating the potential mutagenic effects of the synthetic food dye tartrazine (E102) using the plant Allium cepa. The results showed that tartrazine caused reductions in mitotic index, increases in mitotic abnormalities, and decreases in DNA and RNA content in A. cepa roots in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Tartrazine also induced changes to the protein banding pattern in A. cepa seeds. However, administering the antioxidant vitamin C was found to minimize the toxic effects caused by tartrazine. The study demonstrates the genotoxic effects of tartrazine and the protective action of vitamin C against this DNA damage.
Taxonomy is the methodology and principles of systematic botany and zoology and sets up arrangements of the kinds of plants and animals in hierarchies of superior and subordinate groups
Effects of organic and mineral fertilizers on total antioxidant, polyphenolic...Alexander Decker
This study examined the effects of organic and mineral fertilizers on antioxidant, polyphenol, and carotenoid content in orange-fleshed sweet potato tubers. Organic fertilizer significantly increased all three phytochemicals, with annual applications having the highest levels. Mineral fertilizers also significantly affected levels, with combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium influencing different compounds. The combination of minimal mineral doses with annual or biennial organic fertilizer produced the highest antioxidant, polyphenol, and carotenoid concentrations in the tubers.
Recovery of acetyl cholinesterase inhibition by Methanolic Bark Extract of Ac...Innspub Net
Organophosphates (OPs) pesticides are reported to cause acute poisoning because of their ability to inhibit acetyl cholinesterase enzyme (AChE). Available antidotes drugs are atropine sulfur, Pralidoxime (2-pyridine aldoxime methyl chloride) and diazepam, which act to recover OP-AChE inhibition. These are controlled drugs not easily accessed and very expensive. In this present study Acacia nilotica was assessed for its antioxidant activity, and in vivo AChE depression and recovery from OP-AChE inhibition. The mice were exposed in three different OPs including chlorpyrifos 480g/l (CPF), Fenitrothion 10g/l (FNT) and Profenophos 720g/l (PFP). The methanolic bark extract of A. nilotica had a substantial increase of absorbance readings from 2.895±0.0032 to 3.716±0.0259 compared to standard (ascorbic acid) from 0.108±0.0033 to 1.468±0.0297 at P<0.05. AChE depression and recovery were assessed by using the AChE test mate kit to analyze blood collected from the mice’s tail. Recovery effect under crude methanolic extract from A. nilotica, ascorbic acid and normal feeding were compared with the untreated group. Results have shown that there is a significant decrease of AChE level from Day zero to 14th day in all treated groups of CPF, PFP and FNT which indicate poisoning. Significance of AChE recovery observed only in male mice in all treatment groups. This is a first study to assess and report the antioxidant activity of stem bark methanolic extracts of A. nilotica in controlling organophosphate pesticide toxicity in mice, hence further studies on isolation of active compounds are recommended.
In-vivo anthelmintic evaluation of a processed herbal drug from Entada leptos...IOSR Journals
The document describes an in vivo study that evaluated the anthelmintic activity of a processed herbal drug from Entada leptostachya and Prosopis juliflora against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. The herbal drug showed maximum egg count reduction of 80.95% at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight on day 11 post-treatment. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of compounds including alkaloids, steroids, phenolic compounds, tannins and flavonoids that may contribute to the anthelmintic effects. The study suggests the herbal drug has comparable anthelmintic activity to the conventional drug levamisole and could be used as an alternative de
Mathew Pucuta - Official Research Project PresentationMateus Púcuta
The document describes the design and synthesis of isatin analogues by Mateus A. da C. Púcuta for their Master's thesis. The objectives were to design isatin analogues, synthesize them, and characterize the synthesized analogues. Isatin was selected as the natural product scaffold due to its wide range of biological activities. Various isatin analogues were designed and synthesized involving steps such as N-alkylation, O-alkylation, aldol condensation, and click reactions. The analogues and intermediates were characterized by melting point, TLC, NMR, and mass spectrometry. Further testing of the analogues for inhibitory activity against HIV protease and reverse transcriptase is proposed. The objectives were partially
Mathew Pucuta - Official Research Project Presentation
Similar to Crimson Publishers-Use of Solid Timber Waste as Potential Raw Material for Novel Herbal Drugs: Multidisciplinary Research, Development, and Innovation
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the phenolic compounds in Chilean mistletoe (Quintral, Tristerix tetrandus) using UHPLC–Q/Orbitrap/MS/MS. Six anthocyanins were identified, along with several phenolic acids and flavonols. The mistletoe leaves showed the highest antioxidant activity as measured by three assays. The compounds were characterized using mass spectrometry and correlated with antioxidant measurements.
This study investigated the antioxidant, anticancer, and chemopreventive properties of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts. Methanol and dichloromethane extracts were tested for their antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. The extracts were also evaluated for their antiproliferative effects on liver, colon, and breast cancer cell lines, as well as their ability to induce quinone reductase activity in liver cells as a measure of cancer chemoprevention. The results showed that the methanol extract had higher radical scavenging activity than the dichloromethane extract. Both extracts inhibited the growth of cancer cells, but the dichloromethane extract more strongly induced
Voss et al. - 2006 - Identification of potent anticancer activity in XiCristina Voss
An aqueous extract from Ximenia americana, a plant used in African traditional medicine, showed potent anticancer activity against various human and rat cancer cell lines. The extract was cytotoxic with IC50 values ranging from 1.7 to 170 mg/ml. In vivo, the extract significantly reduced tumor burden in a rat model of colorectal cancer when administered either orally or intraperitoneally. Phytochemical analysis identified the active compounds as proteins that bind galactose, with one protein containing an amino acid sequence identical to a peptide from the toxic ribosome-inactivating protein ricin. This suggests the extract's anticancer mechanism differs from common chemotherapeutics.
Cytotoxicity of Blended Versus Single Medicinal Mushroom Extracts on Human Ca...Jolene1981
ABSTRACT: The use of mushrooms contributes to human nutrition by providing low lipid content of lipids and high dietary fiber content, as well as significant content of other biologically active compounds such as polysaccharides, minerals, vitamins, and polyphenolic antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the content of polyphenols and polysaccharides, as well as the cytotoxic and antioxidative properties of several medicinal mushroom preparations. The content of total phenols and flavonoids of preparations of blended mushroom extracts (Lentifom, Super Polyporin, Agarikon, Agarikon Plus, Agarikon.1, and Mykoprotect.1) was evaluated quantitatively by using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy spectrophotometric methods. The antioxidant capacity of the preparations was evaluated using the ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power assays. The content of water-soluble polysaccharides was determined using a specific gravimetric method, based on ethanol precipitation. To determine cytotoxic effects of single and blended mushroom extracts, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and neutral red assays were conducted using human small cell lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, colon cancer, and brain astrocytoma cancer cells. The obtained results suggest that due to the significant content of beneficial polyphenolic antioxidants and soluble polysaccharides, use of these mushroom preparations is beneficial in maintaining good health, as well as in the prevention and adjuvant biotherapy of various human pathological aberrations. These results reveal that these extracts exhibit different cytotoxic effects on tumor cells originating from different tissues. In addition, the comparison of investigated blended mushroom extracts with three well-known commercial mushroom products derived from single mushroom species or single mushroom compounds shows that blended mushroom extracts exhibit significantly stronger cytotoxic effects on human tumor cell lines.
Protective effect of phyllanthus niruri on dmba croton oil mediated carcinoge...Alexander Decker
1. The study investigated the protective effects of Phyllanthus niruri extract (PNE) on skin carcinogenesis induced by DMBA/croton oil in mice.
2. PNE significantly reduced tumor incidence, burden, volume and weight compared to the carcinogen control group. It also prolonged the latent period of tumor occurrence.
3. PNE administration protected against losses in antioxidant levels like glutathione, Vitamin C and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase caused by DMBA/croton oil. It also reduced lipid peroxidation levels. PNE reverted pathological changes in skin and liver.
This research article studied the effects of gamma radiation on total phenolic content, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity in dried Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms stored in different packaging materials. Dried mushrooms were exposed to gamma radiation doses from 0 to 2 kGy and stored for 1 month. Extracts from the mushrooms were analyzed for total phenolic content, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. Statistical differences were found between the extracts and radiation doses. A significant positive correlation was observed between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The results suggest that P. ostreatus mushrooms can be a promising source of natural antioxidants and low dose gamma radiation may help improve quality, shelf-life and nutrient preservation of mushrooms.
This study evaluated the antileishmanial activity of extracts from 16 Brazilian plant species against Leishmania amazonensis. The hexane extract of Dipteryx alata and the ethanolic extract of Jacaranda cuspidifolia leaves showed the highest selectivity indexes, with potent leishmanicidal activity and low cytotoxicity against murine macrophages. Treatment of infected macrophages with extracts and fractions of D. alata and J. cuspidifolia resulted in 95.8-98.3% reductions in parasite burden, suggesting a direct antileishmanial mechanism. Future studies could focus on identifying and purifying antileishmanial compounds from these plants for analysis of in vivo activity.
This document summarizes research on identifying and characterizing bioactive compounds from Osage orange (Maclura pomifera) and spent coffee grounds using metabolomics approaches. Key findings include:
1) Over 200 polyphenols and 28 compounds were identified from Osage orange and spent coffee grounds using mass spectrometry and quantified using LC-MS/MS.
2) Extracts from Osage orange and coffee showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities.
3) Compounds with potential applications in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and functional foods were characterized from both resources.
Background: Dennentia tripetalla (Pepper Fruit) belongs to the Annonaceae family and is abundant in Nigeria. Its
fruit in folklore medicine is used for treatment of varying ailments. While ample research evidence exists on the
plants fruit and seed, no current study exists on the toxicological profile of the plant leaves.
Methods: qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals and In vitro antioxidant assays were carried out using
standard methods. The acute toxicity study indicates that the LD50 was higher than 2000 mg/Kg body weight. Subchronic
toxicity studies was carried out using five groups of rats. Group 1 served as control, 2–5 received 100 mg/
Kg, 200 mg/Kg, 500 mg/Kg and 1000 mg/Kg body weight orally for 28 days.
Results: Post-administration biochemical analysis indicates there was increased weight in rats administered 100
mg/kg and 200 mg/kg while it reduced in the 500 mg/kg group. Significant elevations of liver function markers
were reported for 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg respectively. Serum and hepatic protein profiles remained unaltered.
Renal function analysis revealed elevated serum urea and creatinine for 200 and 500 mg/kg groups, elevated serum
Na+ and Ca+ and reduced serum Cl− for the 500 mg/Kg group. Elevated Kidney K+ and Ca+ levels, reduced Cl−
were significantly observed in 500 mg/Kg group. Significant rise in hepatic and renal lipid peroxidation was
observed in 200 and 500 mg/Kg groups. There were observed disarmament of the antioxidant defense systems
occasioned by rise and drop in tissue (hepatic, renal, testes, heart) Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (Cat),
Glutathione-s-transferase (GST), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in the test groups relative to control.
Histopathological examination indicated architectural aberrations at 500 and 1000 mg/kg.
Conclusions: It concluded that the plant had significant phytochemical and antioxidant properties of medical
interest and possessed toxic properties in rats when administered at a dose above 200 mg/Kg over a prolonged
period of time.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
1) The document reports on a study that analyzed the phytochemicals, antioxidant activity, and anticancer potential of Wrightia tinctoria leaf extracts.
2) Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of compounds like flavonoids, carbohydrates, and proteins in the extracts. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH method.
3) Anticancer activity was evaluated using MTT assay on liver cancer cells (HepG-2), with the methanol extract showing 76.54% toxicity at 1000μg, similar to the anticancer drug Cyclo-90.
This document describes a study that investigated the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties of the leaf of Diplazium esculentum. The leaf was extracted using chloroform and methanol. Assays were performed to determine the extracts' total phenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity using several methods, antimicrobial activity against 8 bacteria, and cytotoxicity using brine shrimp. The extracts showed moderate antioxidant activity and strong antimicrobial effects, with minimum inhibitory concentration values between 1.6-12.5 mg/ml against the tested bacteria. The brine shrimp lethality bioassay also indicated cytotoxic effects. Overall, the results suggest the leaf possesses significant antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties, supporting traditional
The document analyzes the antioxidant capacity and total phenol content of four types of banana peels. Extracts were tested for their ability to scavenge free radicals using several assays. Results showed the peels had high antioxidant capacity and contained phenolic compounds like dopamine and L-dopa. The Rasthali peel extract exhibited the highest free radical scavenging ability and phenol content, while Pachainadan had the highest total antioxidant activity. The study demonstrates banana peels can be a potential source of natural antioxidants.
Phytochemical Potential and Antimicrobial Activity of Andrographispaniculataiosrjce
The Herbal medicine today ensures safety in contrast to the synthetic preparations. Herbs the Nature’s
Physician, have been reported as an important source of medicine for years and years. Using of herbs for
curing diseases dated back to prehistory and people of all continents have this old tradition.Recently, wide
research proposals highlight the property of medico potential from phytalsources. My herb of interest is also the
above said, ofcourseAndrographispaniculata (Acanthaceae) is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of
various ailments, which has been documented in history of all civilizations. The present study is to learn the
phytochemical properties and the antimicrobial activity of the above using disc diffusion method
This document discusses an article published in an Elsevier journal about the effects of fruiting body maturity on the antioxidant activity and production of antioxidants in the wild mushroom Lactarius piperatus. Several biochemical assays were used to measure antioxidant properties at different maturity stages: immature, mature with immature spores, mature with mature spores, and degraded. The highest antioxidant contents and lowest values for antioxidant activity assays were found in the mature stage with immature spores. Phenolic, flavonoid, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene and lycopene contents were also determined and correlated with antioxidant activity.
Antioxidant and-anticancer-activities-of-moringa-leavesSilentdisco Berlin
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
- The study screened 15 South African plants traditionally used to treat tuberculosis symptoms for antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis.
- The acetone extract of Milletia stulhimannii showed the greatest activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.13 mg/ml.
- Acetone extracts of Milletia stulhimannii, Albizia gummifera, Xanthocercis zambesiaca and Barringtonia racemosa all exhibited promising activity against M. smegmatis with an average MIC of 0.13 mg/ml, indicating potential as anti-tuberculosis agents.
This document reports on a study that evaluated the phytochemical content and antioxidant activities of different extracts of Jatropha curcas leaves. Qualitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, saponins, coumarins, sterols and triterpenes in the leaves. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were highest in the successive methanolic extract and crude methanolic extract, respectively. The successive methanolic extract exhibited the strongest antioxidant activities in DPPH radical scavenging, total antioxidant, and reducing power assays. HPLC analysis of the successive methanolic extract identified catechin as a major polyphenolic compound. The results confirm the presence of
DPPH Scavenging Assay of Eighty Four Bangladeshi Medicinal PlantsIOSR Journals
This study was designed to screen out free radical scavenging potentiality of 84 medicinal plants. Stock solution of different plant extracts and standard were diluted to achieve suitable concentrations. A control was also prepared without plant extract solution. Then 0.004% DPPH solution was added. The mixtures were incubated in the room temperature for 30 minutes. Then the absorbance was measured at 517 nm against solvent in UV-spectrophotometer and then IC50 was calculated. In this experiment two standard were used-ascorbic acid and BHT. Both showed a significant IC50 value of 15.5μg/mL, and 46.54μg/mL respectively. Among 84 medicinal plants Syzygim cumini, Casuarina littorea, Borassus flabellifer, Enhydra fluctuans, and Minusops elengi exhibited highest radical scavenging potential with an IC50 value of 12.816μg/mL, 14.467μg/mL, 15.755μg/mL, 15.653μg/mL, and 20.380μg/mL respectively. All these value are very close to the IC50 value of ascorbic acid and better than IC50 value of BHT (Butylated Hydroxy Toluene). Syzygim cumini is the most powerful scavenger among all tested medicinal plants and also most strong scavenger than ascorbic acid and BHT. Scavenging activity was found to increase in dose dependent manner. Another 30 medicinal plants exhibited good scavenging property and 14 medicinal plants showed moderate scavenging activity. The rest presented lower scavenging activity. This present study indicates that plants having good scavenging property may have various health beneficial effects and these plants can be considered as valuable source of bioactive components with high antioxidant properties.
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Cyclin Dependent Kinases: Old Target with New Challenges for Anti-Cancer DrugsCrimsonPublishersMAPP
Cyclin Dependent Kinases: Old Target with New Challenges for Anti-Cancer Drugs by Shashank Shekhar Mishra in Modern Applications in Pharmacy & Pharmacology
This document discusses various thermal analysis techniques including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). TGA measures the mass change of a sample as it is heated or cooled at a controlled rate. DTA detects physical or chemical changes in a sample by measuring the difference in temperature between the sample and an inert reference. DSC measures the heat absorbed or released by a sample during physical transitions or chemical reactions as it is heated or cooled. The document describes the basic principles, instrumentation, applications, and factors affecting the results of these thermal analysis methods.
Crimson Publishers-Stable Labeled Isotopes as Internal Standards: A Critical ...CrimsonPublishersMAPP
SIL internal standards are commonly used in LC-MS/MS analyses to improve accuracy and precision. There are two main types: structurally similar analogs or isotopically labeled compounds containing stable isotopes like deuterium, carbon-13, or nitrogen-15. SIL standards provide structural information to understand analyte fragmentation patterns and metabolism. Their use has been shown to reduce ionization variations compared to analog standards. However, SIL standards can still cause ion suppression or enhancement and may not fully correct for matrix effects. While very useful, SIL standards also have limitations like expense and potential for different retention times versus analytes. Overall they remain a preferred choice but alternative standards may still be needed in some cases.
Crimson Publishers-Potential Application of Raman Micro-Spectroscopy as an In...CrimsonPublishersMAPP
Potential Application of Raman Micro-Spectroscopy as an In vitro Drug Screening and Companion Diagnostic Tool for Clinical Application: Chemotherapeutic Drug Mechanism of Action, Cellular Effects and Resistance by Z Farhane in Modern Applications in Pharmacy & Pharmacology
Crimson Publishers-Medicinal Herbs, Strong Source of Antioxidant in Aquacultu...CrimsonPublishersMAPP
This document summarizes the antioxidant properties of medicinal herbs and their potential applications in aquaculture. It discusses how oxidative stress can damage cells and how herbs contain antioxidants like carotenoids, flavonoids, and tocopherols that can protect against this damage. Some herbs and their main antioxidants are described, including their roles in reducing lipid peroxidation, scavenging free radicals, and stimulating immune function in fish. The document concludes that medicinal herbs represent a promising resource for aquaculture as anti-stress remedies and growth promoters due to their bioactive antioxidant compounds, and that further research is needed to better understand their applications for aquatic animal health and production.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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2. How to cite this article: Luciana Jankowsky, Brito JO Jankowsky IP, Nolasco AM, Carvalho JE. Use of Solid Timber Waste as Potential Raw Material for Novel
Herbal Drugs: Multidisciplinary Research, Development, and Innovation. Mod Appl Pharm Pharmacol. 1(1). MAPP.000502. 2017.
DOI: 10.31031/MAPP.2017.01.000502
Modern Applications in Pharmacy & Pharmacology
2/3
Mod Appl Pharm Pharmacol
forests host 19-20% of the biodiversity worldwide [12,13], and
the Brazilian rainforest provides an attractive avenue for the
discovery of new pharmaceutical drugs [2,14]. In this study, we
used solid waste of 3 plant species, Dipteryx odorata (Aubl) Willd
(Fabaceae), Bowdichia nitida (Spr.) Benth (Fabaceae) & Myroxylon
balsamum (L.) Harms (Fabaceae), for bioguided phytochemical
and pharmacological analyses, to investigate their possible
antiproliferative activities in human tumor cell lines.
Materials and Methods
Obtaining the timber material
Discarded timber belonging to 3 woody species was obtained
for phytochemical analyses from the wood flooring industry, Indus
parquet Ltda. (Tietê, São Paulo). Only large solid timber waste that
is discarded during the production of wooden flooring was used.
Identification of the timber samples
Macroscopic identification of the samples based on anatomy
was performed by Professor Dr. João Perez Chimelo.
Preparation of the timber samples
Organic solvents used in this study were obtained from Merck
(Sigma-Aldrich, São Paulo-Brasil). The previously identified
and separated timber samples were processed by the Forestry
Engineering Faculty, department of forest products (ESALQ/USP)
and milled in a Wiley mill (mesh 10). The samples were subjected
to Soxhlet extraction, initially with dichloromethane (a medium
polarity organic solvent) yielding the dichloromethane crude
extract (CDE), and later with absolute ethanol (a polar organic
solvent) providing the ethanolic crude extract (EC. Solvents were
evaporated from the DCE at 40 °C and from the ECE at 50 °C in a
rotary evaporator, after which both the extracts were lyophilized.
Antiproliferative assay on human tumor cell lines
The antiproliferative effects of the crude extracts of the
3timber species were investigated [15]. A panel of 9 human
tumor cell lines: MCF-7 (breast cancer), NCI-ADR/RES (ovarian
cancer cells expressing a multiple drug resistance phenotype),
786-0 (renal carcinoma), NCI-H460 (non-small cell lung cancer),
PC-3 (prostate cancer), OVCAR-03 (ovarian cancer), HT-29 (colon
adenocarcinoma), UACC-62 (melanoma), and K-562 (chronic
myeloid leukemia), provided by the Frederick Cancer Research &
Development Center, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MA, USA
were used. Stock and experimental cultures were maintained in
5mL of Roswell Park Memorial Institute-1640 buffer supplemented
with 5% fetal bovine serum (RPMI/FBS 5%) with penicillin (1000
U/mL)-streptomycin (1000μg/mL) mixture (1mL/L of RPMI-
1640).
Stock solutions of the samples (5mg) were prepared in
dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 50μL) followed by serial dilutions in
RPMI/FBS 5% to give final concentrations of 0.25, 2.5, 25, and
250μg/mL. Doxorubicin was used as a positive control at the
same concentrations. Cells seeded in 96-well plates (100μL/well,
3-7×104
cells/mL) were incubated, with each of the 4 concentrations
of sample solution or doxorubicin (100μL/well) in triplicate (n =
3), for 48 h at 37 °C and 5% CO2
. Before (T0 plate) and after (T1
plates) sample addition, cells were fixed with 50% trichloroacetic
acid (50μL/well) and stained with sulforhodamine B to quantify
cell proliferation based on the absorption values obtained using
the Molecular Devices Versa Max Microplate Reader at 540nm. The
Origin 8.0 software (Origin Lab Corporation) was used to evaluate
the cytotoxic activity of the extracts. Samples were considered to
possess antitumor activity when growth inhibition >50% and
concentration-dependent cell-type selectivity was observed.
Results and Discussion
Phytochemical extraction of the collected timber samples was
conducted, and the extracts were assayed for antiproliferative
activities in human tumor cells. The in vitro assay results are
expressed in terms of the sample concentration (μg/mL) and
percentage growth of human tumor cells. A population growth
of <50% indicated cytostatic action (inhibition of cell growth),
whereas that <0% (a decline in cell population by cell death)
indicated cytocidal activity. Doxorubicin was considered as a
positive control for the antiproliferative activity on tumor cells,
which exhibited a dose-dependent activity profile. At 2.5µg/mL,
it exerted cytostatic activity on kidney, lung, prostate, melanoma,
and leukemia cells; at 25μg/mL, it had cytostatic activity on colon,
kidney, and ovarian cells, and cytocidal activity on melanoma,
leukemia, and prostate cells. At the highest concentration (250µg/
mL), it had a cytostatic effect on cells of breast, kidney, and colon
and ovarian cells expressing a multiple drug resistance phenotype;
it had a cytocidal effect on the remaining cells at this concentration
(Figure1).
Figure 1: Concentration-response curves of the antiproliferative
effects of doxorubicin on various human cell lines, correlating
cell growth (%) and concentration of doxorubicin (µg/mL).
Analysis of the concentration-response curve of the ECE of
Dipteryx odorata (Figure 2A) showed a cytotoxic effect on all
tumor cell lines at a 250µg/mL, it exhibited cytocidal activity on
all the cells, except kidney and multiple drug resistant ovarian
concentration of 25µg/mL at the concentration of cells. At the
concentration of 2.5µg/mL, the DCE of Dipteryx odorata (Figure
2B) showed cytotoxic activity only on the ovarian (OVCAR-03)
cells, with no significant antiproliferative activity on the remaining
cells. At 25 µg/mL, a cytocidal effect on leukemia and ovarian cells
3. Modern Applications in Pharmacy & Pharmacology
How to cite this article: Luciana Jankowsky, Brito JO Jankowsky IP, Nolasco AM, Carvalho JE. Use of Solid Timber Waste as Potential Raw Material for Novel
Herbal Drugs: Multidisciplinary Research, Development, and Innovation. Mod Appl Pharm Pharmacol. 1(1). MAPP.000502. 2017.
DOI: 10.31031/MAPP.2017.01.000502
3/3
Mod Appl Pharm Pharmacol
was noted, whereas only cytostatic activity on others cell lines was
observed. At 250μg/mL, a cytocidal activity on all cell lines was
observed.
Figure 2A: Concentration-response curves of the in vitro
antiproliferative effects of the ethanolic crude extract (ECE).
Figure 2B: Concentration-response curves of the in vitro
antiproliferative effects of the dichloromethane crude extract
(DCE) from the timber of Dypteryx odorata on various human
cell lines, correlating cell growth (%) and concentration of the
sample (µg/mL).
Figure 3A: Concentration-response curve of the in vitro
antiproliferative effects of the ethanolic crude extract (ECE).
Analysis of the concentration-response curve of the ECE of
Bowdichia nitida (Figure 3A) at 0.25µg/mL, demonstrated a
cytostatic activity on prostate, breast, lung, and leukemia cell lines
and a cytostatic profile activity only on the prostate cancer cell line.
At 2.5μg/mL, the ECE was cytocidal to melanoma, leukemia, and
prostate cancer cells; a cytostatic effect was observed on the other
cell lines. At 250µg/mL, a cytocidal effect was observed on all cell
lines. The DCE of Bowdichia nitida (Figure 3B), at concentrations
of 0.25µg/mL and 2.5µg/mL, a cytostatic activity was observed on
leukemia and prostate cancer cells lines. At 25µg/mL, this extract
demonstrated cytostatic activity on all but the leukemia cell line, on
which it showed a cytocidal action. At 250μg/mL, the extract had a
cytocidal profile, as it caused death of all the cells lines.
Figure 3B: Concentration-response curve of the in vitro
antiproliferative effects of the dichloromethane crude extract
(DCE) from the timber of Bowdichia nitida on various human
cell lines, correlating cell growth (%) and concentration of the
sample (µg/mL).
Figure 4A: Concentration-response curve of the in vitro
antiproliferative effects of the ethanolic crude extract (ECE).
Figure 4B: Concentration-response curve of the in vitro anti
proliferative effects of the dichloromethane crude extract (DCE)
from the timber of Myroxylon balsamum on various human
cell lines, correlating cell growth (%) and concentration of the
sample (µg/mL).
Analysis of the concentration-response curve of the ECE of
Myroxylon balsamum (Figure 4A) at the concentration of 25μg/
mL showed cytostatic activity on breast cancer, ovarian cancer,
4. How to cite this article: Luciana Jankowsky, Brito JO Jankowsky IP, Nolasco AM, Carvalho JE. Use of Solid Timber Waste as Potential Raw Material for Novel
Herbal Drugs: Multidisciplinary Research, Development, and Innovation. Mod Appl Pharm Pharmacol. 1(1). MAPP.000502. 2017.
DOI: 10.31031/MAPP.2017.01.000502
Modern Applications in Pharmacy & Pharmacology
4/3
Mod Appl Pharm Pharmacol
and leukemia cells. At 250μg/mL, the extract showed a cytostatic
activity on prostate cancer and breast cancer cell lines, and a
cytocidal activity on all the other cell lines. The DCE of Myroxylon
balsamum (Figure 4B), demonstrated a cytostatic activity at
0.25μg/mL on the breast cancer cells and at 2.5μg/mL on leukemia
cells; and a cytocidal activity at 25µg/mL on kidney, lung, prostate,
melanoma, breast, leukemia, and multiple drug resistant ovarian
cells. In 250µg/mL, it demonstrated a cytostatic activity only on the
ovarian cell line and a cytocidal activity on the remaining eight cell
lines.
The timber used in this study is a source of several chemical
compounds with antitumor potential, as demonstrated by
our findings. Moreover, the use of timber discarded during
manufacturingofforestproducts,suchaswoodusedinconstruction
and flooring, presents a significant advantage. It is estimated
that approximately 10 million tons of these wastes are discarded
annually in Brazil [16]. In this study, only large solid timber waste
was used to aid anatomical identification. The majority industries
do not have any plans for management of wood waste [17].
Bowdichia nitida , known as sucupira, is widely used in the
wood industry. Due to its association with the development of
contact allergy, studies on its chemical composition were carried
out; the studies revealed the presence of 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-
benzoquinone [18]. The ECE of Bowdichia nitida demonstrated
cytocidal activity at 25μg/mL on the prostate cancer, leukemia,
and melanoma cell lines. Selectivity for these 3 cell lines justifies
further phytochemical and pharmacological studies for the possible
isolation and identification of the active principles. Its DCE did not
present any significant anticancer activity.
Wood from Dipteryx odorata, popularly known as cumaru, is
commonly used in construction and flooring. Its extractives are
used in the production of cigarettes, perfumes, and cosmetics
[19]. The DCE of this species showed selective cytocidal activity
at 25μg/mL on leukemia and ovarian cancer cell lines. Research
reported that flavonoids in its chemical composition contribute to
its anticancer activity [19].
Isolation of isoflavanoids, flavanones, and isoflavanones from
the trunk and a pentacyclic triterpene from the leaves Myroxylon
balsamum has been reported [20]. Results of the antiproliferative
activity on tumor cells demonstrated that the DCE exhibited
selective cytocidal activity at 25µg/mL on melanoma, colon, kidney,
lung, breast, multiple drug resistant ovarian cancer, and leukemia
cells.
However, the optimum use of plants is limited by the following
challenges: 1) lack of laws regulating the extraction of plants,
either for research or commercial purposes, leading to predatory
exploitation and damage to the environment; 2) complexity
of chemical structures, making it difficult to synthesize these
compounds in the laboratory and elucidate their mechanisms of
action; 3) time and cost associated with the isolation and synthesis
of, pharmacotechnical processes involved, and preclinical, and
clinical studies on the active principle isolated from a plant before
its commercialization as a new drug; and 4) the amount of plant
material needed to carry out the studies [12].
For solid wood waste to be used as raw material, it must be
correctly identified according to the botanical classification of
its native species. When obtained from industries as discarded
material, collecting and identifying the plant species, based on the
anatomy of wood, and cataloging of this process is crucial.
Currently, the National Solid Waste Policy (Policy No. 12,305)
in Brazil defines the distinction between solid waste and discards
[17,21]. According to the policy, timber industries must present
a plan for the management of waste, discards, and by-products.
Therefore, the use of solid wood waste as a source of raw material
for pharmaceutical or cosmeceutical research and development is
emphasized [22,23].
Conclusion
Solid timber residues, due to their chemical composition,
are sources poorly explored by the chemical and pharmaceutical
industriesduethepotentialforthestudyofherbalmedicineandnew
drugs. However, it is necessary to implement a National Solid Waste
Policy so that solid waste can be managed during the manufacture
of logs in the industries, classified and properly collected so that
they are safely used in phytochemical and pharmacological studies.
The residues studied demonstrate the potential to add value to
non-timber forest products.
Acknowledgment
This study was carried out with the financial assistance of
foundation Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education
Personnel (CAPES); the professional assistance of laboratory
technique Sirlene Tinti and Reseach Mary Ann Foglio and for
Indusparquet Ltda., located in Tietê, São Paulo, for providing the
solid waste for study.
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5. Modern Applications in Pharmacy & Pharmacology
How to cite this article: Luciana Jankowsky, Brito JO Jankowsky IP, Nolasco AM, Carvalho JE. Use of Solid Timber Waste as Potential Raw Material for Novel
Herbal Drugs: Multidisciplinary Research, Development, and Innovation. Mod Appl Pharm Pharmacol. 1(1). MAPP.000502. 2017.
DOI: 10.31031/MAPP.2017.01.000502
5/3
Mod Appl Pharm Pharmacol
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