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Crime and Criminology
The document provides an overview of the field of criminology, including its goals of studying criminal behavior through the scientific method and interdisciplinary approaches. It discusses what criminologists do, such as measuring and analyzing crime, developing theories of crime causation, and studying punishment. A brief history of criminology is also presented, from classical to contemporary approaches. Key concepts like what constitutes a crime and the role of criminal law are summarized.
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Crime and Criminology
- 1. Larry J. Siegel www.cengage.com/cj/siegel Chapter One Crime and Criminology Dennis Souther • Stanly Community College, Albemarle, NC
- 2. Crime and Criminology • The Field of Criminology – An academic discipline that uses the scientific method to study the nature, extent, cause, and control of criminal behavior. – Interdisciplinary science involving two or more academic fields. • Criminal Justice – System made up of the agencies of social control, such as police departments, the courts, and correctional institutions, that handle criminal offenders.
- 3. Crime and Criminology • What Criminologists Do: The Criminological Enterprise – Criminal Statistics/Crime Measurement • Analysis • Measurement • Identification • Testing
- 4. Crime and Criminology • What Criminologists Do: The Criminological Enterprise – Sociology of Law/Law and Society/Socio-Legal Studies • Investigate history of legal though • Assess effects of proposed legal change
- 5. Crime and Criminology • Critical thinking – Considering the findings of Zgoba and Bachar, would you advocate abandoning sex offender registration laws because they are ineffective? Or might there be other reasons to keep them active? – What other laws do you think should be the topic of careful scientific inquiry to see whether they actually work as advertised?
- 6. Crime and Criminology • What Criminologists Do: The Criminological Enterprise – Developing Theories of Crime Causation • Psychological – Personality, development, social learning, cognition
- 7. Crime and Criminology • What Criminologists Do: The Criminological Enterprise – Developing Theories of Crime Causation • Biological – Biochemical, genetic, neurological
- 8. Crime and Criminology • What Criminologists Do: The Criminological Enterprise – Developing Theories of Crime Causation • Sociological – Neighborhood, poverty, socialization, group interaction
- 9. Crime and Criminology • What Criminologists Do: The Criminological Enterprise – Penology: Punishment, Sanctions, and Corrections • Penology: the correction and sentencing of known criminal offenders. – Rehabilitation – Social control
- 10. Crime and Criminology • What Criminologists Do: The Criminological Enterprise – Victimology • Victim surveys • Victimization risk • Victim culpability • Services for crime victims
- 11. Crime and Criminology • A Brief History of Criminology – Classical Criminology • Utilitarianism • Free will to choose legal or illegal behavior • Crime is attractive • Crime may be controlled through the fear of punishment • Punishment works best when perceived to be: – Severe – Certain – Swift
- 12. Crime and Criminology • A Brief History of Criminology – Positivist Criminology • Scientific method • Logic • Empirical verification • Value-free
- 13. Crime and Criminology • Sociological Criminology – Quetelet and Durkheim – Relationship between social factors and crime – Crime is a social phenomenon that can be reduced by improving social and economic conditions – The Chicago School
- 14. Crime and Criminology • Conflict Theory – Karl Marx • Burgeoisie • Proletariat – Critical Criminology
- 15. Crime and Criminology • Developmental Criminology – Gluecks’ • Complex View – Integration of sociological, psychological, and economic elements • Delinquency
- 16. Crime and Criminology • Contemporary Criminology – Rational Choice Theory – Trait Theory – Social Structure Theory – Social Process Theory – Critical Theory – Developmental Theory
- 17. Crime and Criminology • Deviant or Criminal? How Criminologists Define Crime – Deviance includes a broad spectrum of behaviors, ranging from the most socially harmful, such as rape and murder, to the relatively inoffensive, such as joining a religious cult or cross-dressing. – A deviant act becomes a crime when it is deemed socially harmful or dangerous; it is then specifically defined, prohibited, and punished under the criminal law.
- 18. Crime and Criminology • The Concept of Crime – Consensus View of Crime – Conflict View of Crime – Interactionist View of Crime
- 19. Crime and Criminology • A Definition of Crime – “Crime” is a violation of societal rules of behavior as interpreted and expressed by the criminal law, which reflects public opinion, traditional values, and the viewpoint of people currently holding social and political power. Individuals who violate these rules are subject to sanctions by state authority, social stigma, and loss of status.
- 20. Crime and Criminology • Crime and the Criminal Law – Code of Hammurabi – Mosaic Code – Common Law • Precedent • Mala in se • Mala prohibitum – Statutory crimes
- 21. Crime and Criminology • Contemporary Criminal Law – Social goals • Enforcing social control • Discouraging revenge • Expressing public opinion and morality • Deterring criminal behavior • Punishing wrongdoing • Creating equity • Maintaining social order
- 22. Crime and Criminology • Crime and the Criminal Law – Criminal Law • The written code that defines crimes and their punishments • Reflects the values, beliefs, and opinions of society’s mainstream
- 23. Crime and Criminology • The Evolution of Criminal Law – Social and Economic Conditions • Stalking • Gay marriage – Future Direction of Criminal Law
- 24. Crime and Criminology • Contemporary Criminal Law – Felony – Misdemeanor
- 25. Crime and Criminology • Ethical Issues in Criminology – What to Study – Whom to Study – How to Study
Editor's Notes
- #3 Learning Objective 1. Understand what is meant by the “field of criminology.”
- #4 Learning Objective 2. Be familiar with the various elements of the criminological enterprise.
- #5 Learning Objective 2. Be familiar with the various elements of the criminological enterprise.
- #6 Learning Objective 2. Be familiar with the various elements of the criminological enterprise.
- #7 Learning Objective 2. Be familiar with the various elements of the criminological enterprise.
- #8 Learning Objective 2. Be familiar with the various elements of the criminological enterprise.
- #9 Learning Objective 2. Be familiar with the various elements of the criminological enterprise.
- #10 Learning Objective 2. Be familiar with the various elements of the criminological enterprise.
- #11 Learning Objective 2. Be familiar with the various elements of the criminological enterprise.
- #12 Learning Objective 3. Know the historical context of criminology.
- #13 Learning Objective 3. Know the historical context of criminology.
- #14 Learning Objective 3. Know the historical context of criminology.
- #15 Learning Objective 3. Know the historical context of criminology.
- #16 Learning Objective 3. Know the historical context of criminology.
- #17 Learning Objective 3. Know the historical context of criminology.
- #18 Learning Objective 4. Know the difference between crime and deviance.
- #19 Learning Objective 5. Discuss the three different views of the definition of crime.
- #20 Learning Objective 5. Discuss the three different views of the definition of crime.
- #21 Learning Objective 6. Know what is meant by the term “criminal law.”
- #22 Learning Objective 7. Discuss the different purposes of the criminal law.
- #23 Learning Objective 8. Trace the development of criminal law.
- #24 Learning Objective 8. Trace the development of criminal law.
- #25 Learning Objective 9. Describe the difference between a felony and a misdemeanor.
- #26 Learning Objective 10. Be familiar with the ethical issues in criminology.