This document summarizes a presentation on e-reserves and fair use given by Kenneth Crews. It discusses the Georgia State University copyright lawsuit, which found that most but not all of the university's e-reserve practices were protected by fair use. It outlines the court's analysis of the four fair use factors and how they were applied to e-reserves of book excerpts. The summary recommends universities carefully revise their e-reserve policies based on this ruling while preserving flexibility under fair use.
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This session will cover :
• What are Open Educational Resources (OER)
• How are they the same as traditional teaching and learning materials?
• What makes them different?
• Copyright basics
• How Creative Commons licenses work
• Advantages of CC licenses
• Where OER are they being used and places to find resources
• FAQ
Presentation for 2013 Research Resources Forum at Northwestern University Library. Welcoming event for incoming PhD students in humanities and social sciences.
ASTE Open Educational Resources, Copyright & Creative CommonsMeredith Jacob
This session will cover :
• What are Open Educational Resources (OER)
• How are they the same as traditional teaching and learning materials?
• What makes them different?
• Copyright basics
• How Creative Commons licenses work
• Advantages of CC licenses
• Where OER are they being used and places to find resources
• FAQ
Presentation for 2013 Research Resources Forum at Northwestern University Library. Welcoming event for incoming PhD students in humanities and social sciences.
Learn how copyright supports the rights of both owners and users and strengthen your understanding of how the doctrine of fair use applies to the practice of teaching and learning with digital media, technology, mass media and popular culture.
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This presentation discusses how copyright law and Creative Commons licenses allow Open Educational Materials to be created, remixed and shared. It also addresses what policy steps can be taken to support OER adoption
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Learn how copyright supports the rights of both owners and users and strengthen your understanding of how the doctrine of fair use applies to the practice of teaching and learning with digital media, technology, mass media and popular culture.
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This presentation discusses how copyright law and Creative Commons licenses allow Open Educational Materials to be created, remixed and shared. It also addresses what policy steps can be taken to support OER adoption
Creative Commons Update Seminar, State Library, Brisbane, 18 July 2014 - Anne...ccAustralia
Presentation on Creative Commons licences, providing an overview of the features of the version 4.0 international Creative Commons licences, as well as examples of the adoption of CC licensing in Australia and in other countries
Copyright & Creative Commons: Publishing with Open LicensesMeredith Jacob
In this web presentation for the Library Publishing Coalition, we will cover OER, Creative Commons, and copyright basics, as well as discussing considerations for publishing openly licensed materials
Introduction to Creative Commons. Covers tension with internet and copyright law, the CTEA, Eldred Vs. Ashcrosft, Creative Commons organization, CC Licenses, and the CC global network
Important changes to copyright law are being made by governments and in courtrooms around the world changes that can have a direct impact on the business of publishing and the ways in which content is licensed and used outside the country whose legislature or court took action. Michael Healy, formerly the head of the Book Industry Study and Group and the Book Rights Registry, is now Executive Director at Copyright Clearance Center, the leading global provider of content and licensing solutions.
In this talk, Healy reviews recent copyright developments around the world and some that are pending and explain how business-critical their implications are for publishers and users everywhere.
Recent Developments for Copyright in Higher Education (December 5, 2012)lmd_presentations
In the past year courts have handed down dramatic decisions in a number of major cases across the nation. These decisions have changed the way we understand fair use, streaming media, archiving, and accessibility in libraries. Kevin Smith, Duke’s Director of Copyright and Scholarly Communication and William Cross, NCSU’s Director of the Copyright and Digital Scholarship Center, will lead a discussion about these cases and the far-reaching impact they will have on libraries and library services in the 21st century.
Copyright fair use and libraries madhu nlsiu and gaganMadhu Ks
Fair use exceptions in copyright law facilitate the use of copyrighted works for the purpose of research and education. These exceptions protect the academic community from the offence of copyright infringement. Fair use exceptions are limitations on copyright law and have helped librarians in carrying out their work of dissemination of knowledge. This paper discusses the various theories that support copyright protection and the need for fair use. By analysing the fair use exceptions under Indian Copyright Act, 1957 that are relevant to libraries, this paper takes a view that the law needs to provide better protection for libraries in matters of fair use.
Copyright in Practice-A Participatory WorkshopNASIG
Copyright presentations often focus on “the rules” without sufficient attention to practical decision-making. Yet because application of the law so often depends on specific facts and circumstances, this approach can leave a big gap for actual library practice. This workshop will focus on situations and how to make specific decisions; discussion of the rules and principles of copyright law will, it is hoped, emerge from those applications. Although common situations will be discussed in order to provide a comprehensive look at copyright decision making, participants are encourage to bring real-life problems for the group to consider and discuss.
Presenter:
Kevin Smith
Director of Scholarly Communications, Duke University
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About the Webinar
The process of license negotiation has always been a tortuous one for both publishers and librarians. Librarians have begun to leverage their strength in numbers and to simplify the process of license negotiation through the use of consortial licenses that cover more than a single institution. The use of consortial licensing, the terms and conditions, and the ease in which they can be negotiated and implemented continue to evolve.
This webinar will explore some of the developments in consortial licensing and will look at new directions and ways to improve the processes.
Agenda
Introduction
Todd Carpenter, Executive Director, NISO
Starting Point: Using Model License Templates to Streamline License Negotiation and Contracting
Christine Stamison, Director at Northeast Research Libraries Consortium
Using SERU (Shared Electronic Resources Understanding) in Lieu of a License
Anne E. McKee, M.L.S., Program Officer for Resource Sharing, Greater Western Library Alliance (GWLA); Co-chair of the NISO SERU (Shared Electronic Resource Understanding) Standing Committee
The Publisher-to-Consortia Relationship
David Celano, Vice President, Library Sales, Springer
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1. E-Reserves and Fair Use:
Copyright, Georgia State, and Your Library’s
Policy
Presented by:
ALA Editions Workshop
September 5, 2012
Kenneth D. Crews
Director, Copyright Advisory Office
Columbia University Libraries
www.copyright.columbia.edu
2. Why Fair Use?
• Teaching
• Research
• Library Services
• Website Development
• Publishing
3. Fair Use in Transition
• New court rulings
• New interpretations
4. What is Fair Use?
Exception to Rights of Owners
Public Use of Copyrighted Works
Defense to Infringement Claims
Fair Use is Also:
◦ Flexible
◦ Adaptable
◦ Fundamental to the Growth of Knowledge
5. What is Fair Use?
Section 107 of the Copyright
Act
Based on Four Factors:
◦ Purpose of the Use
◦ Nature of the Work Used
◦ Amount and Substantiality of the
Portion
◦ Effect on the Market for the Work
6. Fair Use and Classroom
Copies
In the Statute: “including multiple
copies for classroom use”
Still subject to the Four Factors
Closest Cases:
◦ Basic Books v. Kinko’s Graphics
Corp. (1991)
◦ Princeton University Press v.
Michigan Document Services (1996)
7. Fair Use and Classroom
Copies
Classroom Guidelines (1976)
◦ Negotiated among Interested Parties
◦ Narrow Word-Count Limits
◦ No Anthologies
◦ No Repeat Use
ALA Model Policy (1982)
Proposed CONFU Guidelines (1996)
8. The Rise of Litigation
Copyright Cases Pending Today:
◦ UCLA (video streaming)
◦ Univ. of Michigan (HathiTrust)
◦ Google Books Litigation/Settlement
◦ Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons
◦ Threats regarding International
Interlibrary Loans
9. The Rise of Litigation
E-Reserves Threats and
Resolutions
◦ Resolutions at:
Cornell, Hofstra, Syracuse,
Marquette
◦ Universities Adopted New
Policies
◦ Preserve Some Flexibility
10. Georgia State University
Settlement was not Forthcoming
History of Policy Challenges
◦ Ongoing concerns about 1997 Policy
Lawsuit filed in March 2008
◦ Named Plaintiffs: Major Publishers
◦ Named Defendants: Individual Trustees,
Officials, Employees
GSU Revised its Policy in 2009
11. The Georgia State Lawsuit
Copyright Infringement
◦ Contributory Infringement
Fair Use Defense
Sovereign Immunity for State
Agencies
Limited to Alleged Infringements under
Revised 2009 GSU Policy
Trial held in May and June 2011
12. The Court’s Ruling
Issued in May 2012
Extends to 350 pages
At the Core: Analysis of Fair Use
Applied Findings:
◦ 75 instances of claimed infringement
◦ Only 5 instances of infringement
13. Final Order (August 2012)
Offered a Few Clarifications
Ordered GSU to revise its policy in a
manner “not inconsistent with” the
ruling
Ordered Plaintiffs to pay Defendants’
Attorney Fees
◦ The Copyright Act: “the court may also
award a reasonable attorney’s fee to the
prevailing party….”
14. Pausing for a Moment….
Coming up Next:
◦ The Ruling and the Four Factors
Open Time for Questions!
15. The Factors of Fair Use
Purpose, Nature, Amount,
Effect
Purpose of the Use
◦ Educational uses
◦ Nonprofit education
◦ Transformative use not essential
◦ Result: “Strongly Favors” fair
use
16. The Factors of Fair Use
Nature of the Work
◦ Non-fiction works
◦ “Informational and educational in
nature”
Other Types of Works?
◦ Textbooks?
◦ Journal Articles?
◦ Audiovisual, Art, Photography, Music,
17. The Factors of Fair Use
Amount and Substantiality of the
Portion
◦ Reasonable in light of purpose
◦ Not market substitution
◦ Classroom Guidelines are too
restrictive
◦ “Plaintiffs do not explain their
decision to seek acceptance of the
minimum standards as the maximum
18. The Factors of Fair Use
Amount and Substantiality of the
Portion
“Congress intended that use of a
smaller portion would be more apt to
be acceptable than use of a larger
portion. Taking into account the fact
that this case involves only mirror-
image, nontransformative uses, the
amount used must be decidedly small
to qualify as fair use.”
19. The Factors of Fair Use
Amount and Substantiality of the
Portion
The court noted the importance of
selecting whole chapters, rather than
“truncated paragraphs,” to serve an
educational purpose. “However, the
selected excerpt must fill a
demonstrated, legitimate purpose in
the course curriculum and must be
narrowly tailored to accomplish that
purpose.”
20. The Factors of Fair Use
Effect on the Market
“In general, the larger the excerpt, the
greater the potential harm; a large
excerpt comes closer to substituting
for the whole book.” The court found
the excerpts to be “generally a small
part,” around 10%, of each book, and
such excerpts do not substitute for the
book.
21. The Factors of Fair Use
Effect on the Market
Loss of licensing revenue is also
relevant. “For loss of potential license
revenue to cut against fair use, the
evidence must show that licenses for
excerpts of the works at issue are
easily accessible, reasonably priced,
and that they offer excerpts in a format
which is reasonably convenient for
users.”
22. The Factors of Fair Use
Effect on the Market
The court found “no persuasive
evidence” that the ability to publish
scholarly books “would be appreciably
diminished by the modest relief from
academic permissions payments
which is at issue in this case.”
23. The Factors of Fair Use
Effect on the Market
This factor weighs heavily against fair
use “where permissions are readily
available from CCC or the publisher
for a copy of a small excerpt of a
copyrighted book, at a reasonable
price, and in a convenient format…,
and permissions are not paid….”
24. The Factors of Fair Use
Consider Together Amount and
Effect:
Books with fewer than 10 chapters:
◦ May copy up to 10% of the pages
Books with 10 or more chapters:
◦ May copy up to 1 chapter.
Such excerpts are “decidedly small.”
25. The 10% Solution?
Consider Together Amount and
Effect:
Such excerpts are “decidedly small.”
Keep in mind the facts of the case:
◦ Non-fiction books
◦ Many were not licensable
The court did NOT set a Cap on
Copying
Four Factors are the Law
26. Policy Implementation
“Carefully monitored circumstances”
Passcode for student access.
Access terminates at end of semester.
Students must be reminded of the
limits of copyright.
Students must be “prohibited by
policy” from distributing the works to
others.
27. The Fair Use Policy
Written Policy
◦ Based on the Four Factors
Faculty Assess with a Fair Use
Checklist
◦ However, the Ruling Outlined Additional
Requirements
Librarians Flag Questionable
Requests
Current Policy:
28. Your Policy Options Today
Option 1: Wait for Appeal
Option 2: Revise only for E-
Reserves
◦ Nonfiction Books?
◦ Journal Articles?
◦ Textbooks?
◦ Music and Audiovisual?
◦ Art and Photographs?
29. Your Policy Options Today
Option 3: Revise for All Fair Use
◦ Build on the Four Factors
◦ Determine Implementation
Procedures
◦ Start Information & Education
Programs
In Any Event:
◦ Have a Written Policy
◦ Consult with Counsel or Legal
30. Moving Forward
Importance of Fair Use
Need to Preserve all Options
Fair Use Checklist or other Tool
Library & Teaching Exceptions
Open Access & Creative Commons
Need to Respect Rights of Owners
Need to Manage Our Own Copyrights
31. Thank You!
Kenneth D. Crews
Copyright Advisory Office
Columbia University Libraries
www.copyright.columbia.edu
www.twitter.com/kcrews
Next Workshop:
Wednesday, October 24
“Open Access and Your
Publications”