This document summarizes key points from a presentation on creative thinking and problem solving. It defines creativity and discusses various aspects of creative thinking like divergent thinking, convergent thinking, and lateral thinking. It also covers the physiology and psychology of creative thinking, including traits of creative people. The presentation discusses models of creativity like the 4Cs model and the Medici Effect. It outlines the creative problem solving process and tools. The document then summarizes a study conducted among postgraduate students on their creative problem solving aptitude and factors influencing creativity. Finally, it reviews several studies on the relationship between creativity, intelligence, problem solving skills, and other variables.

2. Credit Seminar
Presentation
Presented by
Denadyalan. S {2019507002}
II M.Sc., Agrl Extn
DAE&RS, TNAU, CBE

3. Advisory committee
Chairman
Members
Dr. P. P. MURUGAN
Professor (Agrl Extn)
Dr. SHIBI SEBASTIAN
Asst Prof (Agrl Extn)
Dr. PATIL SANTOSH GANAPATI
Asst Prof (Agril Stat)

4. Creativity
Modes of thinking
Physiology of
creative thinking
Psychology of
creative thinking
when, why, what,
how, where
Creative problem
solving
CPS - needed soft
skill
Study

5. Latin term
“creare” - to
create/ make
Act of turning
new and
imaginative ideas
into reality
Ability to
produce or use
original and
unusual ideas
Creativity
Ability to see
relationships
where none exist
www.psychologytoday.com

6. Creativity is defined as the tendency to generate or recognize
ideas, alternatives, or possibilities that may be useful in
solving problems, communicating with others, and
entertaining ourselves and others - Robert E. Franken, 2002
“Creative thinking is the thinking that enables students to
apply their imagination to generating ideas, questions and
hypotheses, experimenting with alternatives and to
evaluating their own and their peers’ ideas, final products
and processes - Kampylis & Berki, 2014

7. New Novel
• New and not
resembling something
formerly known
• New and original that
it's never been seen,
used or even thought
of before.
• Having recently come
into existence
• Recent, modern
• Of a kind now existing
or appearing for the
first time; ex- stars,
discovery
www.psychologytoday.com

8. Thought Idea
• A thought or suggestion
as to a possible course
of action.
• Something one thinks,
knows, or imagines; a
thought; mental
conception or image
• Act of thinking about
or considering
something
• An idea, plan, opinion,
picture, etc., that is
formed in your mind
www.psychologytoday.com

9. Creativity Innovation
• Innovation is the
implementation of a
new or significantly
improved product,
service or process that
creates value for
business, government
or society. Joseph.a1994
• The use of imagination
or original ideas to
create something;
inventiveness.
• Ability to make
something new and
useful or valuable, or
the process.
www.psychologytoday.com

10. Modes of Thinking

11. Modes of thinking
1 2 3
Divergent
Convergent Lateral
www.psychologytoday.com

12. Convergent Thinking
Logic
Ability to give “correct” answer to standard questions that do
not require significant creativity
Consciously use standards or probabilities to make
judgments.
Critical Thinking, Vertical Thinking, Analytical
Thinking, Linear Thinking
1
3
4
2
www.psychologytoday.com

13. Divergent Thinking
Imagination
Occurs in a spontaneous, free-flowing, non linear fashion
Many possible solutions are explored in a short amount of
time and unexpected connections are drawn
Creative Thinking or Horizontal Thinking
1
3
4
2
www.psychologytoday.com

14. Lateral Thinking
Using both
An indirect and creative approach
Reasoning that is not immediately obvious and ideas that may
not be obtainable by using only traditional logic
Thinking Outside the Box
1
3
4
2
www.psychologytoday.com

15. Figuring out a
concrete solution
Straight forward
process
Previous techniques
- reapplying
Speed, Accuracy, Logic
No ambiguity
Opening the mind
in various directions
New procedures
despite existing
Spontaneous, Free-
flowing, Non-linear
No accurate answer
Explores multiple
possible solutions
Critical
thinking
Vs
Creative
thinking
Forbes, 2019

16. • Divergent thinking takes place in a free-flowing,
spontaneous manner and creates varieties of
possible solutions to a problem.
• If convergent thinking is applied then after, the
very best answer can be picked out from the
multiple solutions resulted due to divergent
thinking.
Forbes, 2019

17. Exercise

22. Categories of Creativity
Big-C creativity – Eminent
Elite few who have transformed
their discipline with their
inventions.
Beethoven, Einstein
Pro-c creativity - Expert
professional-level expertise in
creative fields will reach Pro-c.
Writers, directors, researcher,
entrepreneur
Little-c creativity - Everyday
acting with flexibility,
intelligence and novelty in the
everyday.
Creative content, cps
Mini-c creativity - Interpretive
novel and personally
meaningful interpretation of
experiences, actions, and events
Solving riddles, puzzles
Kaufman and Beghetto (2009)

23. Creativity arises through the confluence of the three components
All the relevant understanding an
individual brings to bear on a
creative effort.
Approaching problems-
Differently thinking/working style
Important motivators are intrinsic
passion and interest in the work
itself.
Knowledge
Creative Thinking
Motivation
Teresa Amabile, 1996

24. The Medici Effect
Break down the associative
barriers that exist between
disciplines or areas of
knowledge.
Where the number of new
combinations of ideas is
staggeringly high
When this breakdown occurs,
individuals can enter “the
Intersection” between fields
Living and breathing at this
Intersection explains the high
level of output of successful
creators.
Melissa Ling, 2011

25. Bloom's Taxonomy of Learning, 2001
Analyze - Differentiating, Organizing,
Attributing
Create –Planning, Generating
Apply - Executing, Implementing
Understand - Interpreting, Summarizing,
Remember - Retrieving, Recognizing,
Evaluate - Checking, Critiquing

26. Physiology of Creative Thinking

27. Hub or center of creativity, short-term
memory
Memory of things such as facts and
experiences
Memory of skills and how to do
things
Connections between various brain
structures
Frontal cortex
Hippocampus
Basal ganglia
White matter
Functions
Beaty et al., 2018

28. Brain networks
spontaneous thinking, such as mind-wandering,
daydreaming and imagining. idea generation or
brainstorming
focus or control thought processes, idea evaluation or
modifying them to fit the creative goal.
switching mechanism, alternating between idea
generation and idea evaluation
Executive control network
Default network
Salience network
Beaty et al., 2018

29. Not Weird; but Wired

30. Psychology of Creative Thinking

31. Traits of creative people
Energetic & Focused
Playful & Disciplined
Realistic & Imaginative
Smart & Naive
Extroverted & Introverted
Proud & Modest
Conservative & Rebellious
Passionate & Objective
Masculine & Feminine
Sensitive & Joyful
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, 1996

32. Robert Alan Black, 2002

33. Creative Problem Solving

34. Creative Problem Solving (CPS) is a simple process that
involves breaking down a problem to understand it,
generating ideas to solve the problem and evaluating those
ideas to find the most effective solutions - Alex Osborn, 1942
Creative people tend to follow this process in their heads,
Creative ideas do not suddenly appear for no apparent
reason. Rather, they are the result of trying to solve a specific
problem. Eg:Albert Einstein’s E=mc2

35. CPS steps
Clarify
Explore the Vision, Gather
Data, Formulate Questions
Implement
Formulate a Plan
Develop
Formulate Solutions
Ideate
Explore Ideas,
brainstorming, rolestorming
1
2
3
4
Osborn & Parnes, 1942

36. Creative problem solving – tools
Reversing the
problem,
Ask problems as
questions.
Mind Mapping
Defer or suspend
judgment.
Focused
daydreaming
Osborn & Parnes, 1942

37. BRAIN STORMING
Propose creative solutions to the following questions
How to reduce food being wasted in the mess ?
How the generated waste could be managed ?

38. CPS - Needed Skill of the Decade

39. Innovation is the implementation
of a new or significantly
improved product, service or
process that creates value for
business, government or society
Creativity is a discipline and a
crucial part of the innovation
equation. There is no innovation
without creativity. The key
metric in both creativity and
innovation is value creation.
Daniel Pink, 2006

40. Agriculture Age (farmers)
Industrial Age (factory workers)
Information Age (knowledge
workers)
Conceptual Age (creators and
empathizers)
Left-brain linear, analytical
thinking is being replaced by
right-brain empathy,
inventiveness are most needed by
business. creativity gives you a
competitive advantage
Daniel Pink, 2006

41. “Either you innovate or you’re in
commodity hell. If you do what
everybody else does, you have a low-
margin business. That’s not where we
want to be.”
Sam Palmisano, CEO, IBM, 2006
Creativity had moved from a tenth
place in 2015 to the third most
important work-related skill for
2020
World Economic Forum, 2021
8 in 10 people feel that unlocking
creativity is critical to economic
growth yet a striking minority – only 1
in 4 people – believe they are living up
to their own creative potential –
adobe, 2012
A-B-C-D. (Always Be Connecting
the Dots). Creativity is a practice
Sir Richard Branson, 1994

42. Learning Creativity begins
with foundation of knowledge,
learning a discipline, and
mastering a way of thinking.
It requires practice to
develop the right muscles
and a supportive
environment to flourish.
Learning to be creative is akin to
learning a sport.
by experimenting,
exploring, questioning
assumptions, imagination
and synthesing
information
George Land, 1995

43. Learning Creativity
Drawing
connections
Posing queries Scrutinizing Meeting
people
Associating Questioning Observing Networking
Try out
Experimenting
Clayton M. Christensen, 2005

46. Factors Influencing Creativity
Motivation
Management
practices
Autonomy
Resources
Environment/
workplace
Age
Cognitive Style
Pro-risk attitudes
Expertise
Openness
Amabile et.al, 1996

47. Study

48. Creative Problem-Solving Test – among the post graduate
students of Agricultural Extension, TNAU.
Creativity and Problem Solving Aptitude Test, Psychtests AIM,Inc., 2011
• Designed to evaluate your creative problem-solving potential.
Subscales:
• Comfort with Decision-making
• Flexibility
• Openness to Creativity
• Sense of Self-efficacy

49. 36%
59%
5%
High – 26
(45<)
Medium- 16
(44-31)
Low - 2
(<30)
CAPSAT
Score

50. 39%
61%
Male - 17 Female - 27
Intrinsic
Motivation - 26
Extrinsic
Motivation - 18
59% 41%
0.133
0.079
CAPSAT Score
CAPSAT Score
Gender
Motivatio
n type

51. Risk
Seeker - 8
Risk
Neutral - 33
Risk
Averser - 3
18%
75%
7%
CAPSAT Score
Risk Attitude
-0.077

52. 34%
36%
14% 2%
14%
CAPSAT Score
Rational – 15 Intuitive - 16 Spontaneous – 6 Avoidant – 1 Dependent - 6
-0.122
Decision making style

53. Creative thinking
When? why? what? how?
where?

54. Reviews
• Lewis Terman's (2004), children those with very high IQ
weren't necessarily creative geniuses. Very few of those
involved in the study demonstrated high levels of artistic
achievement later in life.
• Csikszentmihalyi (1996) notes that studies suggest that there
seems to be a cutoff point at around 120.1
Having higher-than-average intelligence might contribute to
creativity, but having an IQ over 120 does not necessarily lead to
greater creativity

55. • Seven meta-analyses of individual factors associated with
creativity and innovation.
Emotional intelligence (r = .31), divergent thinking ( r= .27),
openness to experience ( r= .22), creative personality ( r= .21),
intrinsic motivation ( r= .20), positive affect ( r= .19), and androgyny
(r = .19) are related to creativity.
Age (r = .17), intelligence ( r= .17), extraversion ( r= .13), self-
efficacy ( r= .13), and extrinsic motivation (r = .11) were also
moderately associated with innovation.
Pro-risk attitudes (r = .08) and being female (r = .07) were weakly
associated with creativity. - Silvia da Costa et.al, (2015)

56. The problem solving capability of students increase statistically
significant levels as the grades of the students increase.
• The average score students get from creative thinking scale, did
not show any difference due to the level of grade.
• There was a moderately significant negative correlation between
the scores of the two scales employed by the study. - Canan Demir
Barutcu, 2017

57. • For ages 12–16 years, correlations between creativity and
intelligence are of comparable size throughout the whole ability
range - Franzis Preckel, (2006)
• Wallach and Kogan's (2008) In the study, 10 measures of
creativity didn't correlate with 10 measures of intelligence and
academic achievement (average r = .09)

58. Reference
• Franzis Preckel (2006), Relationship of intelligence and creativity in gifted and non-
gifted students: An investigation of threshold theory, Personality and Individual
Differences, science direct, Volume 40, Issue 1, Pages 159-170
• Canan Demir Barutcu (2017), The Relationship Between Problem Solving and
Creative Thinking Skills among Nursing Students, International Journal of
Psychology and Educational Studies, 2017, 4 (2), 34-41
• Min Tang et.al, (2017) HANDBOOK OF THE MANAGEMENT OF CREATIVITY AND
INNOVATION-Theory and Practice, Stallion Press, Singapore
• Maria F. et.al, (2008) An Examination of Individual Factors and Employees’
Creativity: The Case of Spain, CREATIVITY RESEARCH JOURNAL, 20(1), 21–33
• Rosa Aurora et.al, (2012) The Multiple Relations between Creativity and Personality,
CREATIVITY RESEARCH JOURNAL, 24(1), 76–82
• Silvia da Costa et.al, (2015) Personal factors of creativity: A second order meta-
analysis, Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 165–173
• Wallach and Kogan's (2008),Creativity and Intelligence Revisited, Creativity
Research Journal, Volume 20, Issue 1