This document provides information about a foot operated hammer design project. It includes: 1. An introduction describing foot operated hammers and how they harness kinetic energy from stepping action. 2. Descriptions of basic 2D and 3D commands in AutoCAD used for the design including lines, circles, extrude, and subtract. 3. Benefits of using AutoCAD like accuracy, time and cost savings, easier data transfer and import/export. 4. A section on crankshaft design showing its components and uses in engines to convert linear to rotational motion. Design validation methods like Six Sigma and safety standards are also listed.

1. 14th Nov 2022
Harsh Kumar (2101650409005)
Rohit Kumar (2101650409005)
B tech 3rd year ME
Branch– Mechanical Engineering
Dr. Vivek Srivastava (HOD)
Mr. Sanjay Singh
Assistence Professor , ME
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2. “Take the best that exists and make it better.
When it does not exist, designit. ”
- Sir Henry Royce
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3. Outline :-
• Introduction
• Latest version
• AutoCAD screen
• Some 2D commands
• Some 3D commands
• Benefits of AutoCAD
• Project work
• Crankshaft design
• Uses of crankshaft
• Crankshaft component
• Design validation
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4. A hammer is one of the important tools used by the
blacksmiths. It is a force multiplier that works by converting
mechanical work into kinetic energy. It is a device that
delivers a blow i.e. a sudden impact on object.
Most of the hammers are hand tools used for bending,
hammering, forging, breaking a part, etc. This hand
hammers require more effort, also may sometimes deviate
from the target, where it is required to hit the object and
cause injury to the operator.
INTRODUCTION
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5. FOOT OPERATED HAMMER-
Our Foot operated Hammer is basically a
treadle hammer which can be used by
blacksmiths to pound heated metal into shapes.
A treadle is a type of lever or gear that uses an
individual’s stepping action to create
mechanical motion. With the blacksmiths
hammer these treadles are also used in variety
of products such as sewing machine and water
pumps. In case of a Foot Hammer, these
treadle harnesses the kinetic energy

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7. SOME 2D COMMAND
This is the list of some of the most basic AutoCAD commands which every
AutoCAD user should know. These are some of the Draw and Modify
commands which make the very basics of AutoCAD and if you are just starting
to learn AutoCAD then you should know all of these basic commands.
(L): It can be used for making simple lines in the drawing.
(C): It is the command used for making a circle in AutoCAD.
(PL): This command can be used to make a Polyline in your drawing.
(REC): This command will make a rectangle in AutoCAD.
(POL): This command can be used to make a polygon with minimum of 3 sides and a
maximum of 1024 sides.
(ARC): As the name suggests, this command can be used to make an arc in AutoCAD.
(ELLIPSE): As the name suggests, this command can be used to make an ellipse with
the major and minor axis
(CO): This command is used to copy object(s) in AutoCAD.
(ARRAY): Using this command you can make Rectangular, polar or Path array. 7

8. SOME 3D COMMANDS
Extrude
Location: Draw > Modeling > Extrude
This AutoCAD 3D Extrude command allows the user to create a 3D object by extruding a 2D face along a
line or path. For example, A cylinder can be created by selecting a 2D circle and extruding it along with a
path.
Sweep
Location: Draw > Modeling > Sweep
This command helps the user to extrude the 2D objects without the 2D face being orthogonal to the
beginning of the path.
Union
Location: Modify > Solids Editing > Union
This AutoCAD 3D command allows the user to combine two objects converting them into one single
object.
Subtract
Location: Modify > Solids Editing > Subtract
This command is opposite to the union command; this command works when there is a common area in
both the objects. Then this command subtracts the object A from the object B.
Intersect
Location: Modify > Solid Editing > Intersect
With this AutoCAD 3D command, the user is left with the area that is common to both the objects. 8

9.  Accurate and reduce errors
 Save time and money
 Easier data transfer
 Controllable in nature
 Databases for manufacturing
 Easier Import/Export of file
 Apply point clouds
 Layering Feature
 Calculation
 Commands
 Image Tracing Feature
 PDF Import Enhacements
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10. Crankshaft Design
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11. INTRODUCTION
The crankshaft is essentially the backbone of the internal combustion
engine. The crankshaft is responsible for the proper operation of the engine
and converting a linear motion to a rotational motion. Crankshafts should
have very high fatigue strength and wear resistance to ensure long service
life. The crankshaft experiences high levels of cyclical loading. A high
value of the coefficient of thermal expansion can be a problem when
choosing materials for crankshafts and camshafts. Ductile iron, forged steel,
and titanium are commonly used as materials for manufacturing shafts like
in the Prosche GT3 RS.
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12. Crankshaft can
be found in any
kind of
reciprocating
engine that
translates linear
piston motion
into rotation.
i.e. Engines of
Heavy duty
truck, cars,
racing car, bus,
mini car,
aircraft.
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13. Crankshaft Components
The componential parts of crankshaft include:
• Main Journals
• Crank pins
• Crank webs
• Counterweights
Main journals carry the main bearings and declare the axis of rotation of the
shaft.
Crankpins allows the connecting rod to be attached to it.
Crank webs connect the crankpins to the main journals.
Counterweights offers balancing and are mounted to the webs.
The design of a crankshaft is based on the firing ability of the engine and number
of cylinders. It is also determined by the design of the engine, numbers of
crankshaft bearing and stroke size.
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14. Supportive materials through Design and Validation:
Six Sigma
ISO 9001:2000
Indian Standards Institution(ISI)
Health and Safety Executive (HSE)
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15. Any questions?
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