This algorithm can perform in most cases better than the round-robin algorithm. However, there are a few scenarios when it performs similar to round-robin.
The document discusses Windows XP's scheduling algorithm. It uses a priority-based, preemptive approach with 32 priority levels divided into variable and real-time classes. The scheduler ensures the highest priority thread runs by maintaining queues for each priority level and traversing from highest to lowest. Threads start at the process' base priority and may have their priority lowered after time quantums expire to limit CPU consumption of compute-intensive threads.
The document discusses various scheduling algorithms used in operating systems including:
- First Come First Serve (FCFS) scheduling which services processes in the order of arrival but can lead to long waiting times.
- Shortest Job First (SJF) scheduling which prioritizes the shortest processes first to minimize waiting times. It can be preemptive or non-preemptive.
- Priority scheduling assigns priorities to processes and services the highest priority process first, which can potentially cause starvation of low priority processes.
- Round Robin scheduling allows equal CPU access to all processes by allowing each a small time quantum or slice before preempting to the next process.
The document discusses different CPU scheduling algorithms used in operating systems. It describes non-preemptive and preemptive scheduling and explains the key differences. It then covers four common scheduling algorithms - first come first served (FCFS), round robin, priority scheduling, and shortest job first (SJF) - and compares their advantages and disadvantages.
This document discusses operating system structures and components. It describes four main OS designs: monolithic systems, layered systems, virtual machines, and client-server models. For each design, it provides details on how the system is organized and which components are responsible for which tasks. It also discusses some advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches. The document concludes by explaining how client-server models address issues with distributing OS functions to user space by having some critical servers run in the kernel while still communicating with user processes.
High Performance Computing Presentationomar altayyan
The Presentation Delivered on 3-6-2018 in the Data Mining Course, AI Specialization, at the Faculty of Information Technology Engineering Damascus University
Paper Link:
https://shamra.sy/academia/show/5b0c790de9fc6
Operating Systems Process Scheduling Algorithmssathish sak
The document discusses various CPU scheduling algorithms used in operating systems including first-come, first-served (FCFS), round robin (RR), shortest job first (SJF), and shortest remaining time first (SRTF). It explains the assumptions, goals, and tradeoffs of each algorithm such as minimizing response time, maximizing throughput, and ensuring fairness. Examples are provided to illustrate how each algorithm works and its performance compared to others under different conditions involving job lengths. Predicting future job lengths is also discussed as it can impact the performance of algorithms like SRTF.
GPUs are specialized processors designed for graphics processing. CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) allows general purpose programming on NVIDIA GPUs. CUDA programs launch kernels across a grid of blocks, with each block containing multiple threads that can cooperate. Threads have unique IDs and can access different memory types including shared, global, and constant memory. Applications that map well to this architecture include physics simulations, image processing, and other data-parallel workloads. The future of CUDA includes more general purpose uses through GPGPU and improvements in virtual memory, size, and cooling.
The document discusses Windows XP's scheduling algorithm. It uses a priority-based, preemptive approach with 32 priority levels divided into variable and real-time classes. The scheduler ensures the highest priority thread runs by maintaining queues for each priority level and traversing from highest to lowest. Threads start at the process' base priority and may have their priority lowered after time quantums expire to limit CPU consumption of compute-intensive threads.
The document discusses various scheduling algorithms used in operating systems including:
- First Come First Serve (FCFS) scheduling which services processes in the order of arrival but can lead to long waiting times.
- Shortest Job First (SJF) scheduling which prioritizes the shortest processes first to minimize waiting times. It can be preemptive or non-preemptive.
- Priority scheduling assigns priorities to processes and services the highest priority process first, which can potentially cause starvation of low priority processes.
- Round Robin scheduling allows equal CPU access to all processes by allowing each a small time quantum or slice before preempting to the next process.
The document discusses different CPU scheduling algorithms used in operating systems. It describes non-preemptive and preemptive scheduling and explains the key differences. It then covers four common scheduling algorithms - first come first served (FCFS), round robin, priority scheduling, and shortest job first (SJF) - and compares their advantages and disadvantages.
This document discusses operating system structures and components. It describes four main OS designs: monolithic systems, layered systems, virtual machines, and client-server models. For each design, it provides details on how the system is organized and which components are responsible for which tasks. It also discusses some advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches. The document concludes by explaining how client-server models address issues with distributing OS functions to user space by having some critical servers run in the kernel while still communicating with user processes.
High Performance Computing Presentationomar altayyan
The Presentation Delivered on 3-6-2018 in the Data Mining Course, AI Specialization, at the Faculty of Information Technology Engineering Damascus University
Paper Link:
https://shamra.sy/academia/show/5b0c790de9fc6
Operating Systems Process Scheduling Algorithmssathish sak
The document discusses various CPU scheduling algorithms used in operating systems including first-come, first-served (FCFS), round robin (RR), shortest job first (SJF), and shortest remaining time first (SRTF). It explains the assumptions, goals, and tradeoffs of each algorithm such as minimizing response time, maximizing throughput, and ensuring fairness. Examples are provided to illustrate how each algorithm works and its performance compared to others under different conditions involving job lengths. Predicting future job lengths is also discussed as it can impact the performance of algorithms like SRTF.
GPUs are specialized processors designed for graphics processing. CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) allows general purpose programming on NVIDIA GPUs. CUDA programs launch kernels across a grid of blocks, with each block containing multiple threads that can cooperate. Threads have unique IDs and can access different memory types including shared, global, and constant memory. Applications that map well to this architecture include physics simulations, image processing, and other data-parallel workloads. The future of CUDA includes more general purpose uses through GPGPU and improvements in virtual memory, size, and cooling.
RTLinux is a real-time operating system that allows real-time applications to run on top of Linux. It modifies the Linux kernel to add a virtual machine layer with a separate task scheduler that prioritizes real-time tasks over standard Linux processes. This enables RTLinux to support hard real-time deadlines. Programming in RTLinux involves creating modules that can be loaded and unloaded from the kernel using specific commands. Real-time threads and synchronization objects like mutexes are implemented using POSIX interfaces.
From the perspective of Design and Analysis of Algorithm. I made these slide by collecting data from many sites.
I am Danish Javed. Student of BSCS Hons. at ITU Information Technology University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
The document discusses the history and development of high performance computing. It describes how early computers were mechanical devices, then became electronic and digital. It also summarizes the development of parallel and cluster computing technologies that allow multiple processors to work together on problems.
17 cpu scheduling and scheduling criteria myrajendra
This document discusses CPU scheduling and scheduling criteria. It covers the CPU scheduler or short term scheduler which selects processes from the ready queue to allocate the CPU to. It describes various scheduling criteria like CPU utilization, throughput, turnaround time, waiting time and response time that are used to compare scheduling algorithms. The goal of scheduling is to always keep the CPU busy while maximizing throughput and minimizing waiting times and turnaround times of processes.
This document provides an overview of a reference model for real-time systems. It describes the key components of the model including the workload model (tasks and jobs), resource model (processors and resources), and scheduling algorithms. It defines temporal parameters for jobs, periodic and sporadic task models, and different types of dependencies. It also covers functional parameters, resource requirements, and defines concepts like feasibility and optimality for schedules. The goal is to characterize real-time systems and provide a framework for analyzing scheduling and resource allocation algorithms.
Join this video course on Udemy. Click the below link
https://www.udemy.com/mastering-rtos-hands-on-with-freertos-arduino-and-stm32fx/?couponCode=SLIDESHARE
>> The Complete FreeRTOS Course with Programming and Debugging <<
"The Biggest objective of this course is to demystifying RTOS practically using FreeRTOS and STM32 MCUs"
STEP-by-STEP guide to port/run FreeRTOS using development setup which includes,
1) Eclipse + STM32F4xx + FreeRTOS + SEGGER SystemView
2) FreeRTOS+Simulator (For windows)
Demystifying the complete Architecture (ARM Cortex M) related code of FreeRTOS which will massively help you to put this kernel on any target hardware of your choice.
The document discusses various consistency models including strict consistency, sequential consistency, causal consistency, pipelined random access memory consistency, processor consistency, and weak consistency. It focuses on explaining the sequential consistency model, which requires that all processes in the system see the memory operations in the same order, and allows different interleavings of read and write operations as long as this requirement is met. The document also discusses different strategies for implementing sequential consistency in distributed shared memory systems, including nonreplicated nonmigrating blocks, nonreplicated migrating blocks, replicated migrating blocks, and replicated nonmigrating blocks.
C++ and Python are both high-level programming languages, but differ in key ways. C++ originated from C and requires compilation, while Python uses interpretation and variables do not need declaration. C++ has many free and open source compilers and is used widely for systems programming and performance-critical applications like games. Python code is often shorter than C++ and has many standard libraries, making it useful for rapid development, though types are determined at runtime rather than compile-time.
The Scheduler.
What if two tasks have the same priority are ready?
Task object data.
System tasks.
Hello World application using RTOS.
References and Read more
This document discusses real-time scheduling algorithms. It begins by defining real-time systems and their key properties of timeliness and predictability. It then discusses two common real-time scheduling algorithms: fixed-priority Rate Monotonic scheduling and dynamic-priority Earliest Deadline First scheduling. It covers how each algorithm prioritizes and orders tasks, and analyzes their schedulability and utilization bounds. It concludes by comparing the two approaches.
Compiler construction tools were introduced to aid in the development of compilers. These tools include scanner generators, parser generators, syntax-directed translation engines, and automatic code generators. Scanner generators produce lexical analyzers based on regular expressions to recognize tokens. Parser generators take context-free grammars as input to produce syntax analyzers. Syntax-directed translation engines associate translations with parse trees to generate intermediate code. Automatic code generators take intermediate code as input and output machine language. These tools help automate and simplify the compiler development process.
The document discusses the First Come First Serve (FCFS) disk scheduling algorithm. FCFS is the simplest disk scheduling algorithm as requests are served in the order they arrive. It is easy to program and intrinsically fair, but does not provide optimal disk head movement as requests are not ordered for proximity. The document provides an example of the FCFS algorithm applied to a disk request queue, showing the path the disk head takes to fulfill the requests and the total head movement distance.
INTRODUCTIONTO OPERATING SYSTEM
What is an Operating System?
Mainframe Systems
Desktop Systems
Multiprocessor Systems
Distributed Systems
Clustered System
Real -Time Systems
Handheld Systems
Computing Environments
Round Robin is a preemptive scheduling algorithm where each process is allocated an equal time slot or time quantum to execute before being preempted. It is designed for time-sharing to ensure all processes are given a fair share of CPU time without starvation. The process is added to the back of the ready queue when its time slice expires. It provides low response time on average but increased context switching overhead compared to non-preemptive algorithms. The time quantum value impacts both processor utilization and response time.
The document discusses scalar, superscalar, and superpipelined processors. A scalar processor executes one instruction at a time while a superscalar processor can execute multiple instructions per clock cycle by exploiting instruction-level parallelism. Superpipelined processors have shorter clock cycles than the time required for any operation, allowing them to issue one instruction per cycle but complete instructions faster than a scalar processor.
High performance computing tutorial, with checklist and tips to optimize clus...Pradeep Redddy Raamana
Introduction to high performance computing, what is it, how to use it and when to use what. Provides a detailed checklist how to build pipelines and tips to optimize cluster usage and reduce waiting time in queue. It also provides a quick overview of resources available in Compute Canada.
This document discusses multiprocessor architectures and synchronization issues in multiprocessors. It covers symmetric and distributed shared memory architectures, cache coherence issues, Flynn's taxonomy of parallel architectures including SISD, SIMD, MISD and MIMD models, and basic schemes for enforcing cache coherence including directory-based and snooping-based protocols. It also discusses performance issues, distributed shared memory, and synchronization mechanisms and primitives in multiprocessors.
CPU scheduling decides which processes run when multiple are ready. It aims to make the system efficient, fast and fair. There are different scheduling algorithms like first come first serve (FCFS), shortest job first (SJF), priority scheduling, and round robin. Multi-level feedback queue scheduling uses multiple queues and allows processes to move between queues based on their CPU usage to prioritize shorter interactive processes.
The document discusses various CPU scheduling algorithms used in operating systems. It describes the main objective of CPU scheduling as maximizing CPU utilization by allowing multiple processes to share the CPU. It then explains different scheduling criteria like throughput, turnaround time, waiting time and response time. Finally, it summarizes common scheduling algorithms like first come first served, shortest job first, priority scheduling and round robin scheduling.
RTLinux is a real-time operating system that allows real-time applications to run on top of Linux. It modifies the Linux kernel to add a virtual machine layer with a separate task scheduler that prioritizes real-time tasks over standard Linux processes. This enables RTLinux to support hard real-time deadlines. Programming in RTLinux involves creating modules that can be loaded and unloaded from the kernel using specific commands. Real-time threads and synchronization objects like mutexes are implemented using POSIX interfaces.
From the perspective of Design and Analysis of Algorithm. I made these slide by collecting data from many sites.
I am Danish Javed. Student of BSCS Hons. at ITU Information Technology University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
The document discusses the history and development of high performance computing. It describes how early computers were mechanical devices, then became electronic and digital. It also summarizes the development of parallel and cluster computing technologies that allow multiple processors to work together on problems.
17 cpu scheduling and scheduling criteria myrajendra
This document discusses CPU scheduling and scheduling criteria. It covers the CPU scheduler or short term scheduler which selects processes from the ready queue to allocate the CPU to. It describes various scheduling criteria like CPU utilization, throughput, turnaround time, waiting time and response time that are used to compare scheduling algorithms. The goal of scheduling is to always keep the CPU busy while maximizing throughput and minimizing waiting times and turnaround times of processes.
This document provides an overview of a reference model for real-time systems. It describes the key components of the model including the workload model (tasks and jobs), resource model (processors and resources), and scheduling algorithms. It defines temporal parameters for jobs, periodic and sporadic task models, and different types of dependencies. It also covers functional parameters, resource requirements, and defines concepts like feasibility and optimality for schedules. The goal is to characterize real-time systems and provide a framework for analyzing scheduling and resource allocation algorithms.
Join this video course on Udemy. Click the below link
https://www.udemy.com/mastering-rtos-hands-on-with-freertos-arduino-and-stm32fx/?couponCode=SLIDESHARE
>> The Complete FreeRTOS Course with Programming and Debugging <<
"The Biggest objective of this course is to demystifying RTOS practically using FreeRTOS and STM32 MCUs"
STEP-by-STEP guide to port/run FreeRTOS using development setup which includes,
1) Eclipse + STM32F4xx + FreeRTOS + SEGGER SystemView
2) FreeRTOS+Simulator (For windows)
Demystifying the complete Architecture (ARM Cortex M) related code of FreeRTOS which will massively help you to put this kernel on any target hardware of your choice.
The document discusses various consistency models including strict consistency, sequential consistency, causal consistency, pipelined random access memory consistency, processor consistency, and weak consistency. It focuses on explaining the sequential consistency model, which requires that all processes in the system see the memory operations in the same order, and allows different interleavings of read and write operations as long as this requirement is met. The document also discusses different strategies for implementing sequential consistency in distributed shared memory systems, including nonreplicated nonmigrating blocks, nonreplicated migrating blocks, replicated migrating blocks, and replicated nonmigrating blocks.
C++ and Python are both high-level programming languages, but differ in key ways. C++ originated from C and requires compilation, while Python uses interpretation and variables do not need declaration. C++ has many free and open source compilers and is used widely for systems programming and performance-critical applications like games. Python code is often shorter than C++ and has many standard libraries, making it useful for rapid development, though types are determined at runtime rather than compile-time.
The Scheduler.
What if two tasks have the same priority are ready?
Task object data.
System tasks.
Hello World application using RTOS.
References and Read more
This document discusses real-time scheduling algorithms. It begins by defining real-time systems and their key properties of timeliness and predictability. It then discusses two common real-time scheduling algorithms: fixed-priority Rate Monotonic scheduling and dynamic-priority Earliest Deadline First scheduling. It covers how each algorithm prioritizes and orders tasks, and analyzes their schedulability and utilization bounds. It concludes by comparing the two approaches.
Compiler construction tools were introduced to aid in the development of compilers. These tools include scanner generators, parser generators, syntax-directed translation engines, and automatic code generators. Scanner generators produce lexical analyzers based on regular expressions to recognize tokens. Parser generators take context-free grammars as input to produce syntax analyzers. Syntax-directed translation engines associate translations with parse trees to generate intermediate code. Automatic code generators take intermediate code as input and output machine language. These tools help automate and simplify the compiler development process.
The document discusses the First Come First Serve (FCFS) disk scheduling algorithm. FCFS is the simplest disk scheduling algorithm as requests are served in the order they arrive. It is easy to program and intrinsically fair, but does not provide optimal disk head movement as requests are not ordered for proximity. The document provides an example of the FCFS algorithm applied to a disk request queue, showing the path the disk head takes to fulfill the requests and the total head movement distance.
INTRODUCTIONTO OPERATING SYSTEM
What is an Operating System?
Mainframe Systems
Desktop Systems
Multiprocessor Systems
Distributed Systems
Clustered System
Real -Time Systems
Handheld Systems
Computing Environments
Round Robin is a preemptive scheduling algorithm where each process is allocated an equal time slot or time quantum to execute before being preempted. It is designed for time-sharing to ensure all processes are given a fair share of CPU time without starvation. The process is added to the back of the ready queue when its time slice expires. It provides low response time on average but increased context switching overhead compared to non-preemptive algorithms. The time quantum value impacts both processor utilization and response time.
The document discusses scalar, superscalar, and superpipelined processors. A scalar processor executes one instruction at a time while a superscalar processor can execute multiple instructions per clock cycle by exploiting instruction-level parallelism. Superpipelined processors have shorter clock cycles than the time required for any operation, allowing them to issue one instruction per cycle but complete instructions faster than a scalar processor.
High performance computing tutorial, with checklist and tips to optimize clus...Pradeep Redddy Raamana
Introduction to high performance computing, what is it, how to use it and when to use what. Provides a detailed checklist how to build pipelines and tips to optimize cluster usage and reduce waiting time in queue. It also provides a quick overview of resources available in Compute Canada.
This document discusses multiprocessor architectures and synchronization issues in multiprocessors. It covers symmetric and distributed shared memory architectures, cache coherence issues, Flynn's taxonomy of parallel architectures including SISD, SIMD, MISD and MIMD models, and basic schemes for enforcing cache coherence including directory-based and snooping-based protocols. It also discusses performance issues, distributed shared memory, and synchronization mechanisms and primitives in multiprocessors.
CPU scheduling decides which processes run when multiple are ready. It aims to make the system efficient, fast and fair. There are different scheduling algorithms like first come first serve (FCFS), shortest job first (SJF), priority scheduling, and round robin. Multi-level feedback queue scheduling uses multiple queues and allows processes to move between queues based on their CPU usage to prioritize shorter interactive processes.
The document discusses various CPU scheduling algorithms used in operating systems. It describes the main objective of CPU scheduling as maximizing CPU utilization by allowing multiple processes to share the CPU. It then explains different scheduling criteria like throughput, turnaround time, waiting time and response time. Finally, it summarizes common scheduling algorithms like first come first served, shortest job first, priority scheduling and round robin scheduling.
operating systems , ch-05, (CPU Scheduling), 3rd level, College of Computers, Seiyun University. انظمة التشغيل لطلاب المستوى الثالث بكلية الحاسبات بجامعة سيئون المحاضرة 05
dataprocess using different technology.pptssuserf6eb9b
The document discusses various CPU scheduling algorithms used in operating systems. It begins by describing assumptions made in early CPU scheduling research, such as one program per user and independent programs. Common scheduling algorithms are then examined, including first-come, first-served (FCFS), round robin (RR), shortest job first (SJF), and shortest remaining time first (SRTF). The key factors of response time, throughput, and fairness are evaluated for each algorithm. SRTF is shown to provide optimal average response time but is difficult to implement due to inability to accurately predict job lengths. Later sections discuss using historical data to estimate future CPU burst lengths.
This document discusses CPU scheduling algorithms. It begins with basic concepts like multiprogramming and the alternating cycle of CPU and I/O bursts that processes undergo. It then covers key scheduling criteria like CPU utilization, throughput, waiting time and turnaround time. Several single processor scheduling algorithms are explained in detail, including first come first served (FCFS), shortest job first (SJF), priority scheduling, and round robin (RR). Examples are provided to illustrate how each algorithm works. Finally, it briefly introduces the concept of multi-level queue scheduling using multiple queues to classify different types of processes.
The document discusses different CPU scheduling algorithms used in operating systems. It describes first-come, first-served (FCFS) scheduling, which schedules processes in the order they arrive. Shortest job first (SJF) scheduling prioritizes the shortest jobs. Round-robin (RR) scheduling allocates each process a time slice or quantum to use the CPU before switching to another process. The document also covers shortest remaining time next, preemptive priority scheduling, and some of the criteria used to evaluate scheduling algorithms like CPU utilization, throughput, waiting time and response time.
This document discusses different CPU scheduling algorithms used in operating systems. It begins by explaining the assumptions made in early CPU scheduling research and goals of scheduling algorithms. It then covers First Come First Served (FCFS) scheduling and provides an example. Next it introduces Round Robin (RR) scheduling and compares it to FCFS. Shortest Job First (SJF) and Shortest Remaining Time First (SRTF) algorithms are presented as optimal approaches but difficult to implement due to lack of knowledge about future job lengths. The document concludes by discussing predicting future job behavior to improve scheduling decisions.
* Using SJF preemptive scheduling:
P2 will execute from time 0 to 5 ms.
P3 will execute from time 5 to 8 ms.
P1 will execute from time 8 to 18 ms.
P4 will execute from time 18 to 38 ms.
P5 will execute from time 38 to 40 ms.
Total waiting time = (10-5) + (8-5) + (18-0) + (38-5) + (40-10) = 5.6 + 3 + 18 + 33 + 30 = 90
Average waiting time = Total waiting time / Number of processes = 90/5 = 5.6 ms
* Using Priority preemptive scheduling
CPU scheduling is the process by which the CPU selects which process to execute next from among processes in memory that are ready to execute. The CPU scheduler selects processes from the ready queue to execute. The goal of CPU scheduling is to maximize CPU utilization and throughput while minimizing waiting time and response time. Common CPU scheduling algorithms include first come first serve (FCF) which services processes in the order they arrive, and shortest job first (SJF) which selects the process with the shortest estimated run time to execute next.
The document discusses processes and process scheduling in operating systems. It defines a process as a program in execution that contains a program counter, stack, and data section. Processes can be in various states like new, ready, running, waiting, and terminated. A process control block contains information about each process like its state, program counter, memory allocation, and more. Scheduling aims to optimize CPU utilization, throughput, turnaround time, waiting time, and response time using algorithms like first come first serve, shortest job first, priority, and round robin scheduling.
This document summarizes key points from a lecture on operating system process scheduling algorithms. It discusses assumptions made in early CPU scheduling research, including that there is one program per user and one thread per program. Common scheduling algorithms like first-come, first-served (FCFS) and round robin (RR) are introduced. FCFS can penalize short jobs that arrive after long jobs, while RR aims to be fair by giving each process a time quantum. Shortest remaining time first (SRTF) scheduling is described as optimal for minimizing average response time, but it is difficult to accurately predict process lengths. The document stresses the trade-offs between minimizing response time, maximizing throughput, and ensuring fairness across processes.
This document discusses different CPU scheduling algorithms used in operating systems. It begins by describing the assumptions made in early CPU scheduling research, such as one program per user and independent programs. It then covers First-Come, First-Served (FCFS) scheduling and how it can result in long wait times for short jobs. Round Robin (RR) scheduling is introduced as an improvement, giving each process a small time quantum on the CPU before being preempted. The document analyzes examples of FCFS and RR scheduling and discusses how the choice of time quantum can impact performance. It concludes by introducing Shortest Job First and Shortest Remaining Time First scheduling algorithms.
This document summarizes key points from a lecture on operating system process scheduling algorithms. It discusses assumptions made in early CPU scheduling research, including that there is one program per user and one thread per program. Common scheduling algorithms like first-come, first-served (FCFS) and round robin (RR) are explained. FCFS can penalize short jobs that arrive after long jobs, while RR aims to be fair by giving each process a time quantum. Shortest remaining time first (SRTF) scheduling is described as optimal for minimizing average response time, but it is difficult to accurately predict process lengths. The document stresses the trade-offs between minimizing response time, maximizing throughput, and ensuring fairness across processes.
Process Scheduling Algorithms for Operating SystemsKathirvelRajan2
This document discusses different CPU scheduling algorithms used in operating systems. It begins by describing the assumptions made in early CPU scheduling research, such as one program per user and independent programs. It then covers First-Come, First-Served (FCFS) scheduling and how it can result in short jobs waiting a long time behind long jobs. Round Robin (RR) scheduling is introduced as an improvement, giving each process a small time quantum on the CPU before being preempted. An example of RR scheduling is provided. The document concludes by comparing FCFS and RR, noting that RR performs better for short jobs but worse for identical long jobs due to context switching overhead.
This document discusses different CPU scheduling algorithms used in operating systems. It begins by describing the assumptions made in early CPU scheduling research, such as one program per user and independent programs. It then covers First-Come, First-Served (FCFS) scheduling and how it can result in long wait times for short jobs. Round Robin (RR) scheduling is introduced as an improvement, giving each process a small time quantum on the CPU before being preempted. The document analyzes examples of FCFS and RR scheduling and discusses how the choice of time quantum can impact performance. It concludes by mentioning Shortest Job First and Shortest Remaining Time First algorithms.
1. Process management is an integral part of operating systems for allocating resources, enabling information sharing, and protecting processes. The OS maintains data structures describing each process's state and resource ownership.
2. Processes go through discrete states and events can cause state changes. Scheduling selects processes to run from ready, device, and job queues using algorithms like round robin, shortest job first, and priority scheduling.
3. CPU scheduling aims to maximize utilization and throughput while minimizing waiting times using criteria like response time, turnaround time, and fairness between processes.
The document discusses operating system scheduling. It defines key scheduling criteria like CPU utilization, throughput, turnaround time, waiting time, and response time. It also outlines common scheduling algorithms like first-come first-served (FCFS), shortest-job-next (SJN), priority scheduling, shortest remaining time, and round robin. For each algorithm, it provides examples of how they work and how to calculate metrics like waiting time and turnaround time. It also distinguishes between time-sharing systems, which context switch between processes frequently for fast response, and parallel processing systems, which divide programs across multiple processors.
The document discusses CPU scheduling in operating systems. It describes how the CPU scheduler selects processes that are ready to execute and allocates the CPU to one of them. The goals of CPU scheduling are to maximize CPU utilization, minimize waiting times and turnaround times. Common CPU scheduling algorithms discussed are first come first serve (FCFS), shortest job first (SJF), priority scheduling, and round robin scheduling. Multilevel queue scheduling is also mentioned. Examples are provided to illustrate how each algorithm works.
The document discusses different CPU scheduling algorithms used in operating systems. It describes the objectives of multiprogramming and CPU scheduling. Some key CPU scheduling algorithms discussed include first come first served (FCFS), shortest job first (SJF), priority scheduling, and round robin scheduling. For each algorithm, it provides examples to illustrate how they work and their effect on metrics like waiting time, turnaround time, and throughput. It also covers concepts like context switching, preemption, and how the choice of time quantum impacts the performance of round robin scheduling.
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Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
2. To design an algorithm that improves upon the
waiting time and the turnaround time of Round
Robin Cpu Scheduling keeping the essence of
it.
3. Scheduling is a key concept in computer multitasking
,multiprocessing operating system and real-time
operating system designs. It refers to the way processes
are assigned to run on the available CPUs, since there are
typically many more processes running than there are
available CPUs. This assignment is carried out by
softwares known as a scheduler and dispatcher.
4. The scheduler is concerned mainly with:
CPU Utilization - to keep the CPU as busy as possible.
Throughput - number of processes that complete their
execution per time unit.
Turnaround - total time between submission of a
process and its completion.
Waiting time - amount of time a process has been
waiting in the ready queue.
Response time - amount of time it takes from when a
request was submitted until the first response is
produced.
Fairness - Equal CPU time to each thread.
5. Max CPU utilization
Max throughput
Min turnaround time
Min waiting time
Min response time
6. First Come First Served(FCFS)
Shortest Job First(SJF)
Priority Scheduling
Round Robin Scheduling(RR)
Multi Level Queue
Multi Level Feedback Queue
7. Timesharing is the technique of scheduling a computer's
time so that they are shared across multiple tasks and
multiple users, with each user having the illusion that his
or her computation is going on continuously.
8.
9. Multitasking, in an operating system, is allowing a user to
perform more than one computer task (such as the
operation of an application program) at a time.
Microsoft Windows 2000, IBM's OS/390, and Linux are
examples of operating systems that can do multitasking
(almost all of today's operating systems can).
10.
11. Time sharing systems implement the concept of
multitasking.
It is of two types:
1.Co-operative timesharing/multitasking .
2.Pre-emptive timesharing/multitasking.
13. Round-robin (RR) is one of the simplest scheduling
algorithms for processes in an operating system ,which
assigns time slices to each process in equal portions and
in circular order, handling all processes without priority
(also known as cyclic executive). Round-robin scheduling
is both simple and easy to implement, and starvation-
free.
14. Each process gets a small unit of CPU time (time quantum), usually
10-100 milliseconds. After this time has elapsed, the process is
preempted and added to the end of the ready queue.
If there are n processes in the ready queue and the time quantum is q,
then each process gets 1/n of the CPU time in chunks of at most q
time units at once. No process waits more than (n-1)q time units.
Performance
q large FIFO
q small High overhead: Must be large with respect to context
switch, otherwise overhead is too high.
15.
16. The main drawback of Round Robin algorithm
lies in the absence of taking into consideration
the priorities of the tasks.
Henceforth we have designed an algorithm based
on it that provides us with an improved
efficiency.
17. Each task/process can be assigned a priority ranging from 1 to
5 (5 being the highest and 1 being the lowest priority assigned
) in that order.
Processes are grouped according to their priorities in queues
.(thus there being 5 queues) and processing starts from the
highest priority task available.
Each queue can consist of a maximum of 10 processes with the
time quantum being 10 ms.
Queues are processed according to their priority.(ie priority 5
queue is processed first , then 4 and so on …)
Priority 5 queue is processed 2 times and then control
switches to the following queues which are all processed
single time.
21. P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7
5 5 1 4 2 3 1
10 15 6 8 7 12 9
2 5 3 4 8 10 12
PROCESS
PRIORITY
BURSTTIME ms
ARRIVAL TIME
ms
ROUND ROBIN SCHEDULING
ALGORITHM
OUR ALGORITHM
AVERAGE WAITING TIME
= 29.14 ms
AVERAGE WAITING TIME
=27.42 ms
AVERAGE TURN AROUND
TIME =39 ms
AVERAGE TURN AROUND
TIME =37.14 ms
23. 1. When we have processes that have mixed priorities our algorithm
gives better results compared to Round Robin.
2. When most of the processes are high priority processes then
the efficiency of our algorithm turns out to be even better.
3. When most of the processes are low priority then efficiency does
not differ much from Round Robin.
4. When all the processes have the same priority then our algorithm
simply reduces to Round Robin Scheduling Algorithm.
24. The ratio of no of processing times of priority queue 5 to that
of priority queue 4 is p:q(current ratio being 2:1).
Apposite time quantum.
Developing a function for priority for tasks where priority of a
task=priority given by user + time function(time
elapsed).Processes can be shifted to a higher queue as their
priority increases.
We hope that by implementing the above mentioned things we
get a further improved efficiency.