I am pleased to share this presentation I was requested to give to the Upstate Nurse Practitioner's Association of South Carolina. Thank you for the opportunity to share knowledge.
1. The document discusses SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. It originated in Wuhan, China and has since caused a global pandemic.
2. The virus is transmitted via respiratory droplets when infected individuals cough or sneeze. It has an incubation period of 2-14 days and a mortality rate of around 2%.
3. Clinical features of COVID-19 range from mild to severe and include fever, cough, breathing difficulties, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves tests like chest CT scans and PCR testing of respiratory samples.
This document discusses COVID-19 in children. It provides details on SARS-CoV-2, including its infectivity, replication sites, and stability on surfaces. It also summarizes the pathophysiology of COVID-19 in children, noting their lower morbidity is likely due to factors like lower ACE2 expression. The diagnosis section outlines common manifestations in children and molecular testing methods, sample collection, hematologic parameters, and poor prognostic markers seen in adults.
This document provides information on COVID-19 including what it is, its epidemiology, transmission, clinical presentation, investigations, management, and prevention. It describes COVID-19 as a novel coronavirus that is transmitted between people and causes respiratory illness. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves PCR testing of respiratory samples. Current recommendations for prevention include hand washing, social distancing, and self-isolation when sick.
Epidemiology of tb with recent advances acknowledged by whoRama shankar
This document provides an overview of tuberculosis epidemiology and recent advances in tuberculosis programs. It discusses the global and national burden of tuberculosis, the evolution of tuberculosis control programs in India including the National Tuberculosis Control Programme and Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme. It covers diagnosis, treatment, drug-resistant tuberculosis, tuberculosis and HIV coinfection, and recent advances acknowledged by the WHO. The post-2015 tuberculosis strategy in relation to sustainable development goals is also mentioned.
Middle East respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Ashraf ElAdawy
This document provides information on Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), including:
- MERS-CoV is a novel coronavirus that was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and causes severe respiratory illness. About half of confirmed cases have been fatal.
- The virus is thought to originate from bats and possibly be transmitted by camels, though the animal reservoir is still unknown. Limited human-to-human transmission can occur in healthcare settings and among family contacts.
- Recommendations are provided for testing, treatment, prevention, and healthcare worker protocols for suspected MERS-CoV cases. Ongoing surveillance is needed as the virus poses a risk of spread outside the Middle East.
The new guidelines for Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) in India introduce several changes from previous guidelines. Some key changes include shifting to a daily drug regimen over intermittent dosing, new definitions for presumptive and drug-resistant TB cases, and classification of TB cases based on history of treatment and drug resistance. Treatment outcomes have also been redefined, and additional provisions for clinical and long-term follow-up of TB patients have been introduced.
This document discusses the link between COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB). It notes that COVID-19 disruptions have severely impacted TB treatment and care. It discusses whether TB increases risk for COVID-19 or vice versa, and notes that lung damage from TB may increase COVID-19 risk. The use of corticosteroids for COVID-19 could increase risk of reactivating latent TB infections. Screening for both diseases is recommended. Managing both diseases simultaneously may require continued TB treatment. Vaccines for both are generally safe and should not be delayed. Certain drug interactions between TB and COVID-19 treatments are also discussed.
Presented by Dr. Seraj Ahmad Jahanfar; Emergency and Critical Care physician at French Medical Institute for Mother and Children in Kabul, Afghanistan.
1. The document discusses SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. It originated in Wuhan, China and has since caused a global pandemic.
2. The virus is transmitted via respiratory droplets when infected individuals cough or sneeze. It has an incubation period of 2-14 days and a mortality rate of around 2%.
3. Clinical features of COVID-19 range from mild to severe and include fever, cough, breathing difficulties, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves tests like chest CT scans and PCR testing of respiratory samples.
This document discusses COVID-19 in children. It provides details on SARS-CoV-2, including its infectivity, replication sites, and stability on surfaces. It also summarizes the pathophysiology of COVID-19 in children, noting their lower morbidity is likely due to factors like lower ACE2 expression. The diagnosis section outlines common manifestations in children and molecular testing methods, sample collection, hematologic parameters, and poor prognostic markers seen in adults.
This document provides information on COVID-19 including what it is, its epidemiology, transmission, clinical presentation, investigations, management, and prevention. It describes COVID-19 as a novel coronavirus that is transmitted between people and causes respiratory illness. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves PCR testing of respiratory samples. Current recommendations for prevention include hand washing, social distancing, and self-isolation when sick.
Epidemiology of tb with recent advances acknowledged by whoRama shankar
This document provides an overview of tuberculosis epidemiology and recent advances in tuberculosis programs. It discusses the global and national burden of tuberculosis, the evolution of tuberculosis control programs in India including the National Tuberculosis Control Programme and Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme. It covers diagnosis, treatment, drug-resistant tuberculosis, tuberculosis and HIV coinfection, and recent advances acknowledged by the WHO. The post-2015 tuberculosis strategy in relation to sustainable development goals is also mentioned.
Middle East respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Ashraf ElAdawy
This document provides information on Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), including:
- MERS-CoV is a novel coronavirus that was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and causes severe respiratory illness. About half of confirmed cases have been fatal.
- The virus is thought to originate from bats and possibly be transmitted by camels, though the animal reservoir is still unknown. Limited human-to-human transmission can occur in healthcare settings and among family contacts.
- Recommendations are provided for testing, treatment, prevention, and healthcare worker protocols for suspected MERS-CoV cases. Ongoing surveillance is needed as the virus poses a risk of spread outside the Middle East.
The new guidelines for Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) in India introduce several changes from previous guidelines. Some key changes include shifting to a daily drug regimen over intermittent dosing, new definitions for presumptive and drug-resistant TB cases, and classification of TB cases based on history of treatment and drug resistance. Treatment outcomes have also been redefined, and additional provisions for clinical and long-term follow-up of TB patients have been introduced.
This document discusses the link between COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB). It notes that COVID-19 disruptions have severely impacted TB treatment and care. It discusses whether TB increases risk for COVID-19 or vice versa, and notes that lung damage from TB may increase COVID-19 risk. The use of corticosteroids for COVID-19 could increase risk of reactivating latent TB infections. Screening for both diseases is recommended. Managing both diseases simultaneously may require continued TB treatment. Vaccines for both are generally safe and should not be delayed. Certain drug interactions between TB and COVID-19 treatments are also discussed.
Presented by Dr. Seraj Ahmad Jahanfar; Emergency and Critical Care physician at French Medical Institute for Mother and Children in Kabul, Afghanistan.
Febrile neutropenia is a medical emergency for patients undergoing chemotherapy. Prompt administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics is crucial to prevent life-threatening infections from progressing. Risk stratification tools can help identify low-risk patients who may be treated as outpatients. Antibiotic and antifungal prophylaxis is recommended for high-risk patients to reduce mortality and infection rates. Persistent fever requires evaluation for invasive fungal infections and catheter removal if implicated in bloodstream infection.
what is new in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis tb short.pptxPathKind Labs
Many changes have been made recently in Tuberculosis. The first important change is that instead of control now the focus is on eradication. for that to happen we need to change the way we detect, diagnose and treat tuberculosis.
This document discusses H1N1 influenza (swine flu). It provides an introduction to swine influenza viruses and how they can be transmitted from pigs to humans. It then discusses the history of swine flu in humans, including the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic. It describes outbreaks of swine flu that occurred in the US in 1976 and India in 2009. The document goes on to describe the influenza virus structure, transmission, pathogenesis and immunity. It notes that people at high risk for H1N1 include young children, elderly, pregnant women and those with chronic health conditions. The most common symptoms of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic are also summarized.
This document provides information about pneumonia, including epidemiology, common causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It notes that pneumonia affects over 3 million people annually in the US, with higher rates in winter and among males and those over 65. Diagnosis involves clinical assessment of symptoms and signs, with chest x-ray and testing to confirm. Treatment depends on location of acquisition and risk factors, starting with broad-spectrum antibiotics and later targeting likely pathogens. Prevention focuses on vaccination, especially for influenza and pneumococcus, and reducing risk factors like smoking.
this ppt is made by shrikrishna kesharwani , student of urban planning,4th year, Manit , Bhopal,
in this ppt, I have discussed how to do pandemic or epidemic management in detail.,
This document discusses influenza and influenza vaccines. It defines influenza as a highly contagious viral infection that typically causes seasonal outbreaks. There are three types of influenza viruses (A, B, and C) that are classified into different strains. Influenza A and B cause seasonal epidemics and are included in vaccines. The flu spreads through respiratory droplets and surfaces. It can cause severe illness especially in young, old, and those with underlying conditions. Annual influenza vaccination is recommended to prevent infection. There are two main types of vaccines - inactivated and live attenuated. Both work to induce immune responses but have different safety and effectiveness profiles.
Vancomycin was first discovered in 1950 and approved by the FDA in 1958. It became a standard treatment for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in the 1980s. Vancomycin works by inhibiting peptidoglycan biosynthesis in the bacterial cell wall. It has activity against gram-positive bacteria and is used to treat various hospital-acquired infections caused by MRSA such as pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and surgical site infections. Key considerations for vancomycin treatment include monitoring for potential adverse effects like red man syndrome, nephrotoxicity, and ototoxicity. Therapeutic drug monitoring is important to maintain concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for optimal bacterial killing
Pneumococcal and Influenza vaccine guidelineTanveer Fahim
1) The document discusses important vaccines for chronic lung diseases, focusing on influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. It provides details on the types, administration, efficacy, and recommendations for each vaccine.
2) Key information includes that influenza is caused by RNA viruses with 4 serotypes, and the vaccine is updated annually to match predicted circulating strains. Pneumococcal disease is caused by over 90 serotypes of bacteria, and two vaccines - PCV13 and PPSV23 - provide protection against different serotypes.
3) High-risk groups for vaccination include those with chronic lung or heart diseases, diabetes, smokers, and adults over 65. Vaccines should be administered based on age and medical guidelines to reduce
This document discusses febrile neutropenia, including its definition, causes, risks, assessment, and treatment approach. The key points are:
- Febrile neutropenia is defined as a temperature over 38.3°C or two readings over 38°C for 2 hours, with an absolute neutrophil count of less than 0.5×109/L or expected to fall below that level within 42 hours.
- Risks include potentially antibiotic-resistant organisms like MRSA, mortality rates up to 18% for Gram-negative infections and 5% for Gram-positive, and higher risks for elderly patients.
- Treatment depends on a patient's risk level based on a MASCC score,
This document provides information on various antiviral agents used to treat different viral infections:
1. Acyclovir and valacyclovir are effective against HSV and VZV. They require phosphorylation inside infected cells to inhibit viral DNA synthesis. Famciclovir and penciclovir are prodrugs of active metabolites that also inhibit HSV and VZV.
2. Ganciclovir, valganciclovir and cidofovir are effective against CMV. They require phosphorylation for activation and inhibition of viral DNA polymerase.
3. Amantadine and rimantadine inhibit influenza A by preventing viral uncoating. They are effective for prevention but
1) Febrile neutropenia is a potentially life-threatening complication in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, as fever may be the first sign of infection during periods of low white blood cell and neutrophil counts.
2) Prompt evaluation and initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotics within 60 minutes is critical, as infection is a major cause of mortality. Initial recommended antibiotics include cefepime, ceftazidime, or meropenem.
3) Patients are classified as high or low risk based on severity and expected duration of neutropenia, with high risk patients requiring more intensive treatment and monitoring for complications like invasive fungal infections.
Post covid-19 syndrome, also known as long covid, refers to symptoms that can persist for weeks or months after recovery from the initial acute illness. While people are not infectious during this time, there is no agreed upon definition. A wide range of long-term symptoms have been reported, including fatigue, chest pain, muscle pain, loss of smell, and depression. Certain groups, such as older individuals, those who are obese, and people with diabetes or lung/kidney disease, appear to be at higher risk of developing long-term effects from covid-19.
- Swine flu, also known as H1N1, is caused by the influenza A H1N1 virus and causes respiratory illness. It was first detected in Mexico in 2009 and caused a global pandemic.
- In India, it has caused periodic outbreaks since 2009, killing over 1000 people annually. The worst affected states have been Gujarat and Rajasthan.
- The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing of infected individuals. It has an incubation period of 1-4 days. Symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat and body aches. Complications can include pneumonia.
Non-resolving pneumonia can have several causes, including misdiagnosis of the pathogen, host factors like comorbidities or immune deficiencies, or development of complications from the initial infection. Normal resolution of pneumonia involves improvement within 3-5 days, while slow resolution may take over a month. Factors like age, severity of illness, and the infectious agent can impact the rate of resolution. Evaluation of non-resolving cases should consider multidrug-resistant bacteria, non-bacterial pathogens, underlying host conditions, or non-infectious mimickers of pneumonia.
This document discusses post-COVID 19 syndromes, their features, and management. It covers a wide range of potential sequelae affecting the lungs, heart, brain, kidneys, endocrine system, and other organs. Management involves monitoring for and treating persistent symptoms through specialized post-COVID clinics with a multidisciplinary care approach. Common long-term issues include fatigue, respiratory symptoms, cardiac involvement, neurological or psychiatric symptoms, and general functional decline.
Hello friends i am BSc Nursing intern.This presentation of mine covers almost each and every aspect related to swine flu.Hope it will help you to increase your knowledge regarding the topic.Looking forward to your feedback.Thank you
Scrub typhus, also known as bush typhus, is a disease caused by a bacteria called ORIENTIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI.
Scrub typhus is spread to people through bites of infected chiggers (larval mites).
Most cases of scrub typhus occur in rural areas of Southeast Asia, Indonesia, China, Japan, India, and northern Australia. Anyone living in or travelling to areas where scrub typhus is found could get infected
Scrub typhus is not transmitted directly from person to person; it is only transmitted by the bites of vectors
Chiggers are abundant in locales with high relative humidity (60%–85%), low temperature (20°C–30°C), low incidence of sunlight, and a dense substrate-vegetative canopy.
Occupational risk is higher in farmers (aged 50–69 years), females.
The RNTCP has updated its guidelines for the programmatic management of drug resistant TB in 2017. The key updates include:
1. Expanding the criteria for screening presumptive drug resistant TB cases to include contacts of microbiologically confirmed TB patients, people living with HIV/AIDS, diabetes, malnutrition, cancer and those on immunosuppressants.
2. Introducing a new diagnostic algorithm for pulmonary, extra-pulmonary and pediatric TB that places more emphasis on rapid molecular testing.
3. Establishing district drug resistant TB centers to decentralize drug resistant TB treatment and bring care closer to patients.
4. Revising treatment regimens for drug sensitive TB, mono/poly drug resistant
This is a lecture I gave for the Upstate Nurse Practitioner's Association September 29, 2020. Parts may no longer be valid, because the topic is changing so rapidly. I did the best I could.
This was a lecture I gave for the Upstate Nurse Practitioners Association. This is a comprehensive overview. I would to thank all health care professionals for doing their jobs as well as they can.
Febrile neutropenia is a medical emergency for patients undergoing chemotherapy. Prompt administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics is crucial to prevent life-threatening infections from progressing. Risk stratification tools can help identify low-risk patients who may be treated as outpatients. Antibiotic and antifungal prophylaxis is recommended for high-risk patients to reduce mortality and infection rates. Persistent fever requires evaluation for invasive fungal infections and catheter removal if implicated in bloodstream infection.
what is new in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis tb short.pptxPathKind Labs
Many changes have been made recently in Tuberculosis. The first important change is that instead of control now the focus is on eradication. for that to happen we need to change the way we detect, diagnose and treat tuberculosis.
This document discusses H1N1 influenza (swine flu). It provides an introduction to swine influenza viruses and how they can be transmitted from pigs to humans. It then discusses the history of swine flu in humans, including the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic. It describes outbreaks of swine flu that occurred in the US in 1976 and India in 2009. The document goes on to describe the influenza virus structure, transmission, pathogenesis and immunity. It notes that people at high risk for H1N1 include young children, elderly, pregnant women and those with chronic health conditions. The most common symptoms of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic are also summarized.
This document provides information about pneumonia, including epidemiology, common causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It notes that pneumonia affects over 3 million people annually in the US, with higher rates in winter and among males and those over 65. Diagnosis involves clinical assessment of symptoms and signs, with chest x-ray and testing to confirm. Treatment depends on location of acquisition and risk factors, starting with broad-spectrum antibiotics and later targeting likely pathogens. Prevention focuses on vaccination, especially for influenza and pneumococcus, and reducing risk factors like smoking.
this ppt is made by shrikrishna kesharwani , student of urban planning,4th year, Manit , Bhopal,
in this ppt, I have discussed how to do pandemic or epidemic management in detail.,
This document discusses influenza and influenza vaccines. It defines influenza as a highly contagious viral infection that typically causes seasonal outbreaks. There are three types of influenza viruses (A, B, and C) that are classified into different strains. Influenza A and B cause seasonal epidemics and are included in vaccines. The flu spreads through respiratory droplets and surfaces. It can cause severe illness especially in young, old, and those with underlying conditions. Annual influenza vaccination is recommended to prevent infection. There are two main types of vaccines - inactivated and live attenuated. Both work to induce immune responses but have different safety and effectiveness profiles.
Vancomycin was first discovered in 1950 and approved by the FDA in 1958. It became a standard treatment for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in the 1980s. Vancomycin works by inhibiting peptidoglycan biosynthesis in the bacterial cell wall. It has activity against gram-positive bacteria and is used to treat various hospital-acquired infections caused by MRSA such as pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and surgical site infections. Key considerations for vancomycin treatment include monitoring for potential adverse effects like red man syndrome, nephrotoxicity, and ototoxicity. Therapeutic drug monitoring is important to maintain concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for optimal bacterial killing
Pneumococcal and Influenza vaccine guidelineTanveer Fahim
1) The document discusses important vaccines for chronic lung diseases, focusing on influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. It provides details on the types, administration, efficacy, and recommendations for each vaccine.
2) Key information includes that influenza is caused by RNA viruses with 4 serotypes, and the vaccine is updated annually to match predicted circulating strains. Pneumococcal disease is caused by over 90 serotypes of bacteria, and two vaccines - PCV13 and PPSV23 - provide protection against different serotypes.
3) High-risk groups for vaccination include those with chronic lung or heart diseases, diabetes, smokers, and adults over 65. Vaccines should be administered based on age and medical guidelines to reduce
This document discusses febrile neutropenia, including its definition, causes, risks, assessment, and treatment approach. The key points are:
- Febrile neutropenia is defined as a temperature over 38.3°C or two readings over 38°C for 2 hours, with an absolute neutrophil count of less than 0.5×109/L or expected to fall below that level within 42 hours.
- Risks include potentially antibiotic-resistant organisms like MRSA, mortality rates up to 18% for Gram-negative infections and 5% for Gram-positive, and higher risks for elderly patients.
- Treatment depends on a patient's risk level based on a MASCC score,
This document provides information on various antiviral agents used to treat different viral infections:
1. Acyclovir and valacyclovir are effective against HSV and VZV. They require phosphorylation inside infected cells to inhibit viral DNA synthesis. Famciclovir and penciclovir are prodrugs of active metabolites that also inhibit HSV and VZV.
2. Ganciclovir, valganciclovir and cidofovir are effective against CMV. They require phosphorylation for activation and inhibition of viral DNA polymerase.
3. Amantadine and rimantadine inhibit influenza A by preventing viral uncoating. They are effective for prevention but
1) Febrile neutropenia is a potentially life-threatening complication in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, as fever may be the first sign of infection during periods of low white blood cell and neutrophil counts.
2) Prompt evaluation and initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotics within 60 minutes is critical, as infection is a major cause of mortality. Initial recommended antibiotics include cefepime, ceftazidime, or meropenem.
3) Patients are classified as high or low risk based on severity and expected duration of neutropenia, with high risk patients requiring more intensive treatment and monitoring for complications like invasive fungal infections.
Post covid-19 syndrome, also known as long covid, refers to symptoms that can persist for weeks or months after recovery from the initial acute illness. While people are not infectious during this time, there is no agreed upon definition. A wide range of long-term symptoms have been reported, including fatigue, chest pain, muscle pain, loss of smell, and depression. Certain groups, such as older individuals, those who are obese, and people with diabetes or lung/kidney disease, appear to be at higher risk of developing long-term effects from covid-19.
- Swine flu, also known as H1N1, is caused by the influenza A H1N1 virus and causes respiratory illness. It was first detected in Mexico in 2009 and caused a global pandemic.
- In India, it has caused periodic outbreaks since 2009, killing over 1000 people annually. The worst affected states have been Gujarat and Rajasthan.
- The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing of infected individuals. It has an incubation period of 1-4 days. Symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat and body aches. Complications can include pneumonia.
Non-resolving pneumonia can have several causes, including misdiagnosis of the pathogen, host factors like comorbidities or immune deficiencies, or development of complications from the initial infection. Normal resolution of pneumonia involves improvement within 3-5 days, while slow resolution may take over a month. Factors like age, severity of illness, and the infectious agent can impact the rate of resolution. Evaluation of non-resolving cases should consider multidrug-resistant bacteria, non-bacterial pathogens, underlying host conditions, or non-infectious mimickers of pneumonia.
This document discusses post-COVID 19 syndromes, their features, and management. It covers a wide range of potential sequelae affecting the lungs, heart, brain, kidneys, endocrine system, and other organs. Management involves monitoring for and treating persistent symptoms through specialized post-COVID clinics with a multidisciplinary care approach. Common long-term issues include fatigue, respiratory symptoms, cardiac involvement, neurological or psychiatric symptoms, and general functional decline.
Hello friends i am BSc Nursing intern.This presentation of mine covers almost each and every aspect related to swine flu.Hope it will help you to increase your knowledge regarding the topic.Looking forward to your feedback.Thank you
Scrub typhus, also known as bush typhus, is a disease caused by a bacteria called ORIENTIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI.
Scrub typhus is spread to people through bites of infected chiggers (larval mites).
Most cases of scrub typhus occur in rural areas of Southeast Asia, Indonesia, China, Japan, India, and northern Australia. Anyone living in or travelling to areas where scrub typhus is found could get infected
Scrub typhus is not transmitted directly from person to person; it is only transmitted by the bites of vectors
Chiggers are abundant in locales with high relative humidity (60%–85%), low temperature (20°C–30°C), low incidence of sunlight, and a dense substrate-vegetative canopy.
Occupational risk is higher in farmers (aged 50–69 years), females.
The RNTCP has updated its guidelines for the programmatic management of drug resistant TB in 2017. The key updates include:
1. Expanding the criteria for screening presumptive drug resistant TB cases to include contacts of microbiologically confirmed TB patients, people living with HIV/AIDS, diabetes, malnutrition, cancer and those on immunosuppressants.
2. Introducing a new diagnostic algorithm for pulmonary, extra-pulmonary and pediatric TB that places more emphasis on rapid molecular testing.
3. Establishing district drug resistant TB centers to decentralize drug resistant TB treatment and bring care closer to patients.
4. Revising treatment regimens for drug sensitive TB, mono/poly drug resistant
This is a lecture I gave for the Upstate Nurse Practitioner's Association September 29, 2020. Parts may no longer be valid, because the topic is changing so rapidly. I did the best I could.
This was a lecture I gave for the Upstate Nurse Practitioners Association. This is a comprehensive overview. I would to thank all health care professionals for doing their jobs as well as they can.
Here are the answers to the questions about COVID-19:
1. Kidney failure is not a common symptom of coronavirus infection. The other options listed are all typical symptoms.
2. Cytokine release syndrome is a known complication that can be caused by coronavirus. The other options are common symptoms but not direct complications.
3. 20C is not a recognized collection/variant designation from Nextstrain. The others (19A, 19B, 19C) would be plausible variant names according to their naming system.
4. Seta is not the name of a recognized SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern or interest. The other options listed (Omicron, Gamma, Alpha) are all variants that
This document is a report on COVID-19 presented by Bhavya Saini for class 9th section D. It includes an index listing topics such as an introduction to COVID-19, its history, data on cases in Delhi and Sikkim, bar graphs showing case trends, information on treatments and vaccines, a slogan on COVID-19, and an acknowledgment. The introduction provides details on how the virus spreads and is highly contagious, with numerous variants developing. The history section outlines how COVID-19 was first identified in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. The data section shows COVID-19 case numbers from June 1-15, 2021 for Delhi and Sikkim. Information on treatments, testing eligibility
PHA Covid vaccination for children training slides update 03.2022.pptxJOPHUONG
The document provides information on COVID-19 vaccination for children, including:
1. It outlines the UK COVID-19 vaccination programme for children ages 5-17, including recommendations for vaccinating children ages 5-11 who are at higher risk of severe COVID-19 or live with immunosuppressed individuals, as well as recommendations for vaccinating all children ages 5-11.
2. It discusses recommendations for vaccinating children ages 12-15 who are at higher risk or live with immunosuppressed individuals, as well as recommendations for vaccinating all children ages 12-15.
3. It reviews recommendations for vaccinating young people ages 16-17 who are at higher risk or work in health/social care
Tb guidelines during covid 2 and a short note on long covidAjayShanker5
The document discusses guidelines for managing tuberculosis (TB) patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. It notes that COVID-19 will likely set back progress made against TB by at least 5 years. It outlines challenges in diagnosing and monitoring TB cases during lockdowns. It provides guidance on bidirectional TB-COVID screening and managing co-infected patients. It emphasizes restoring TB diagnostic facilities, introducing new testing methods, and modifying DOT programs using teleconsultation to continue treating TB patients during the pandemic.
HA101: Demystifying SARS-CoV-2 Testing for COVID-19-First EditionHealth Advances
The document provides an overview of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 testing, including:
1) It describes SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and the types of tests used to detect the virus and antibodies against it.
2) Molecular tests that detect the virus's genetic material are currently most commonly used to diagnose infections, while serology tests for antibodies are emerging to study exposure.
3) The timing and accuracy of testing can impact results, as tests may miss early or late infections and no test is perfect; more research is still needed to understand the disease.
The Omicron variant has been designated a variant of concern by the WHO due to evidence that it has mutations that could impact how it behaves. There is still uncertainty around Omicron's transmissibility, severity, and risk of reinfection. It likely spreads more easily than the original virus and has over 30 mutations in the spike protein targeted by vaccines. While vaccines may be less effective against Omicron infection, they still provide protection against severe disease. More data is needed on Omicron's severity and ability to evade immunity.
Public health surveillance of covid 19NOORISLAMBAG
This document provides information on surveillance of COVID-19, including case definitions, types of contact, types of death, objectives and indicators of surveillance, and challenges. It describes the epidemiology of COVID-19 and defines suspected, probable and confirmed cases. Various types of surveillance are outlined, including routine, syndromic, sentinel, hospital-based, and digital surveillance. Challenges of surveillance in low-resource countries include doing more with less and issues with sustainability, underreporting, limited testing capacity, and lack of timeliness in reporting.
Covid-19 Brief Review | A holistic review at pandemic Akhtar Hussain
Presentation holistically and briefly covers the technical aspects of global pandemic. To put things in perspective a comparison woth recent pandemics is also included.
I have tried to make the presentation as rational and unbiased. Though with the ever coming developments daily some things might become redundant even in 10 days only. would love to get suggestions for improvement.
Case study of covid 19.pdf by HARSHITHA BHARADWAJprem kamal
1. The document summarizes a case study of COVID-19, describing its origin in Wuhan, China in late 2019, symptoms, transmission methods, global spread and impact.
2. It discusses prevention methods like physical distancing, treatments under investigation like plasma therapy and vaccines in development.
3. Major challenges discussed include the economic impact on industries, psychological impact on students, and addressing public myths and misinformation about the virus.
The document summarizes information about COVID-19. It describes COVID-19 as a disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Signs and symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath, with older people and those with preexisting conditions at higher risk. Prevention methods include frequent hand washing, social distancing, and wearing masks. There is currently no vaccine, though treatments are under investigation. The disease has caused a global pandemic and cases are rising in Africa, Asia, Europe and North America.
1) COVID-19 infection in children is generally mild and self-limiting compared to adults, with most children recovering within 1-2 weeks. Symptoms are similar to adults but milder.
2) While infection rates are lower in children, infants may be at higher risk for severe illness. Asymptomatic transmission is still possible.
3) Diagnosis is made through RT-PCR testing of respiratory samples. Chest CT may show ground-glass opacities or consolidations.
4) Treatment is supportive and includes oxygen therapy. Antivirals like lopinavir/ritonavir are being studied but no proven therapy currently exists.
This document summarizes a symposium on COVID-19 vaccination. It provides an overview of COVID-19, statistics on cases and deaths globally and in India/Punjab. It discusses high-risk groups, signs and symptoms, vaccine development stages and approved vaccines. It also covers variants of concern, how vaccination works, reasons some may still get infected after vaccination due to factors like the Peltzman effect causing riskier behavior believing they are protected.
This document provides an overview of Covid-19, including its structure, symptoms, treatments, and impact on cardiovascular patients and those with diabetes. Key points include:
- Covid-19 is caused by a novel coronavirus that emerged in China in late 2019 and was declared a pandemic in March 2020.
- It primarily spreads through respiratory droplets and can have an incubation period of 2-14 days. Common symptoms include fever, cough and fatigue.
- While there is no specific treatment, supportive care is used. Risk of death increases with age and presence of comorbidities like cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
- Proper hand hygiene and mask usage can help prevent transmission of the virus. Those over 60 and with
This presentation provides an overview of COVID-19. It discusses the introduction of the virus, its structure and modes of transmission. It outlines the clinical presentation and diagnostic methods used. Prevention strategies discussed include personal protection measures and community involvement. Treatment currently focuses on isolation and supportive care as there is no cure. Globally, cases and deaths continue to rise with the US and several European countries most impacted. India's strategy included an early lockdown and producing hydroxychloroquine. The presentation notes some positive environmental impacts but also discusses conflicts around the origins and spread of the virus. It concludes that the situation remains serious and prevention relies on individual responsibility.
Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19)
The WHO and other organizations have issued the following general recommendations:
Avoid close contact with subjects suffering from acute respiratory infections.
Wash your hands frequently, especially after contact with infected people or their environment.
Avoid unprotected contact with farm or wild animals.
People with symptoms of acute airway infection should keep their distance, cover coughs or sneezes with disposable tissues or clothes and wash their hands.
Strengthen, in particular, in emergency medicine departments, the application of strict hygiene measures for the prevention and control of infections.
Individuals that are immunocompromised should avoid public gatherings.
Patients and families should receive instruction to:
Avoid close contact with subjects suffering from acute respiratory infections.
Wash their hands frequently, especially after contact with sick people or their environment.
Avoid unprotected contact with farm or wild animals.
People with symptoms of acute airway infection should keep their distance, cover coughs or sneezes with disposable tissues or clothes and wash their hands.
Immunocompromised patients should avoid public exposure and public gatherings. If an immunocompromised individual must be in a closed space with multiple individuals present, such as a meeting in a small room; masks, gloves, and personal hygiene with antiseptic soap should be undertaken by those in close contact with the individual. In addition, prior room cleaning with antiseptic agents should be undertaken and performed before exposure. However, considering the danger involved to these individuals, exposure should be avoided unless a meeting, group event, etc. is a true emergency.
Strict personal hygiene measures are necessary for the prevention and control of this infection.
To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid 19 Patients after Having Vac...YogeshIJTSRD
The severity and mortality of COVID 19 cases has been associated with the Three category such as vaccination status, severity of disease and outcome. Objective presently study was aimed to assess the severity and mortality among covid 19 patients. Methods Using simple lottery random method 100 samples were selected. From these 100 patients, 50 patients were randomly assigned to case group and 50 patients in control group after informed consents of relative obtained. Patients in the case group who being died after got COVID 19 whereas 50 patients in the control group participated who were survive after got infected from COVID 19 patients. Result It has three categories such as a Vaccination status For the vaccination status we have seen 59 patients were not vaccinated and 41 patients was vaccinated out of 100. b Incidence There were 41 patients were vaccinated whereas 59 patients were not vaccinated. c Severity In the case of mortality we selected 50 patients who were died from the Corona and I got to know that out of 50 patients there were 12 24 patients were vaccinated whereas 38 76 patients were non vaccinated. Although for the 50 control survival group total 29 58 patients were vaccinated and 21 42 patients was not vaccinated all graph start. Conclusion we have find out that those people who got vaccinated were less infected and mortality rate very low. Prof. (Dr) Binod Kumar Singh | Dr. Saroj Kumar | Ms. Anuradha Sharma "To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid-19 Patients after Having Vaccinated: A Retrospective Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45065.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45065/to-assess-the-severity-and-mortality-among-covid19-patients-after-having-vaccinated-a-retrospective-study/prof-dr-binod-kumar-singh
COVID-19, also known as the coronavirus disease 2019, is a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and has since become a global pandemic. Here is an overview of COVID-19:
Transmission: The primary mode of transmission is through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, or breathes. It can also spread by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching the face.
Symptoms: COVID-19 symptoms can range from mild to severe and may appear 2 to 14 days after exposure. Common symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, body aches, sore throat, loss of taste or smell, and headache. Some individuals may experience no or mild symptoms, while others may develop severe respiratory issues.
High-Risk Groups: Certain populations are at higher risk for severe illness if infected with COVID-19. This includes older adults, individuals with underlying medical conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, chronic lung disease, and compromised immune systems.
Prevention: Preventive measures can help reduce the spread of COVID-19. These include practicing good hand hygiene by washing hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or using hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol content, wearing face masks in public settings, practicing physical distancing by maintaining at least 6 feet of distance from others, and avoiding large gatherings.
Vaccination: Vaccines have been developed and authorized for emergency use in many countries. COVID-19 vaccines have shown to be effective in preventing severe illness, hospitalizations, and deaths associated with the virus. Vaccination campaigns aim to provide immunity to a significant portion of the population to achieve herd immunity.
Variants: Over time, several variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have emerged, with some being more transmissible or potentially causing more severe illness. Monitoring and studying these variants are important to understand their impact on the spread and severity of the disease and to guide public health responses.
Impact on Society: COVID-19 has had significant social, economic, and health impacts worldwide. Many countries have implemented measures such as lockdowns, travel restrictions, and remote work or schooling to mitigate the spread of the virus. The pandemic has also strained healthcare systems and led to an increase in mental health challenges
Similar to COVID update: What you need to know for 2023 11/14/23 (20)
2012 Reedy Falls District Annual Banquet slideshowNeil Kao
The 2012 Reedy Falls District Annual Recognition Banquet honored Scouts and Scouters for their service. Over 600 Scouts attended the Merit Badge University. District officers for 2012 were announced, including Bill Mulligan as District Chair and Fred Grant as Vice-Chair. Several Scouters received awards for their leadership roles. The banquet recognized the growth of Scouting in the district over the past years.
2011 Reedy Falls District Banquet Slideshow by Neil KaoNeil Kao
The document summarizes the 2011 annual recognition banquet for the Reedy Falls District. It recognizes district officers, award recipients, and statistics about Scouting. Key details include recognizing Paul Winston as District Chairperson, the 2010 class of Eagle Scouts, and awards given for Cub Scouter of the Year, Scoutmaster of the Year, and District Commissioner of the Year.
2010 reedy falls district banquet slideshowNeil Kao
This document summarizes the 2010 annual recognition banquet for the Reedy Falls District. It recognizes various individuals and groups for their contributions in 2009, including top unit leaders, district officers, and award recipients. Key statistics on membership and activities from 2009 are also provided. The document honors those who have served Scouting at the district level and in individual units.
Asthma is a common chronic lung disease that affects millions of Americans. It can cause symptoms like wheezing, coughing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. While deaths from asthma have decreased with better treatment, it remains a serious disease that has high costs due to hospitalizations and emergency room visits. The key to managing asthma is to control inflammation and minimize triggers through patient education, an asthma action plan, and appropriate long-term controller medications.
Reedy Falls District Awards Banquet 01/30/09Neil Kao
This is the presentation I created for this event. It was an honor to be asked to serve as the presenter. Many thanks to all the people who helped this event be a success!
The document discusses allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever. It provides statistics on the prevalence and burden of allergic rhinitis in the United States. It also outlines the causes, diagnosis, and treatment options for allergic rhinitis including avoidance strategies, medications, immunotherapy, and more.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
2. COVID-19: 1 Highlights
1. Review the structure of coronavirus
2. Timeline of COVID-19 in US
3. Risk factors
4. Symptoms
5. Testing for COVID-19, flu, RSV
3.
4.
5.
6. Question 1: What part of the coronavirus is responsible for
its ability to cause COVID-19 ('CO' stands for 'corona,' 'VI'
for 'virus,' and 'D' for the disease) in humans?
1. RNA
2. Envelope membrane protein
3. Spike glycoprotein
4. Nucleoprotein
5. Membrane protein
12. Question 2: How has the rate of hospitalizations and
deaths from coronavirus-19 changed in the past year?
1. Stayed same
2. Decreased
3. Increased
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25. Question 3: what is the greatest risk factor for death from
COVID-19?
1. Race
2. Sex
3. Age
4. Coronary artery disease
5. Political party
26.
27.
28.
29.
30. around 27 percent of total COVID-19
deaths in the United States have been
among adults 85 years and older, despite
this age group only accounting for two
percent of the U.S. population
31. Home tests for COVID-19
● Go to https://www.covid.gov/tests to get 4 free home tests
● Are rapid antigen at-home tests, not PCR
● Can be taken at home or other locations. Give results within 30 minutes (no lab drop-off required)
● Can be used for testing whether you have COVID-19 symptoms or not
● Can be used for testing whether you are up to date on your COVID-19 vaccines or not.
● Are also referred to as self-tests or over the counter (OTC) tests
32. COVID-19 + Flu + RSV Test
1. Home collection $129 Labcorp,
processed by Labcorp
2. Xpert® Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus,
Processed by office (AFC, ADAC) cost $ IK??,
Results in 35 min
35. Question 4: It is very important to know if the patient
actually has COVID-19. What testing options do providers
have to rapidly diagnose COVID-19?
1. Home tests
2. Combined COVID-19 + Flu + RSV Test
3. Lucira™ by Pfizer COVID-19 & Flu Home Test
4. Convalescent titers
5. 1-3
43. COVID-19: 2 Highlights
1. Prevention
2. Vaccines
3. If you were exposed or become sick: Unapproved treatments
4. Discontinued treatments
5. Approved treatments
6. Long haul
7. Miscellaneous
8. Future
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54. Question 1: what it the lowest age that the COVID-19
vaccination has been recommended?
1. At birth
2. 4 months with the routine vaccinations
3. 6 months
4. 5 years old
5. 18 years old
6. 65 years old
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64. Unproven therapies
1. lying supine, ivermectin, zinc, hydroxychloroquine, vitamin
C
2. For long-haul, stem cell autologous transfusions,
exosome therapies
3. List of unproven methods against COVID-19 - Wikipedia
65. Discontinued therapies
1. Johnson and Johnson vaccine 5/23
2. Convalescent serum
3. Monoclonal antibodies, all no longer effective because virus
spike has mutated
66. Question 2: If a patient tests positive for COVID-19, but
has no symptoms, and asks for a medication, I should give
the patient:
1. A home mixture of herbs, zinc lozenges, vitamin C
2. Ivermectin
3. A prescription for convalescent plasma from the blood bank
4. A prescription for antibodies for COVID-19 from the infusion center
5. A prescription for Paxlovid
67.
68. Personal plan
1. Level 1: avoid obviously sick people, surfaces, mask when in crowds (plans)
2. Level 2: possible exposure
3. Level 3: got covid
4. Level 4: urgent situation
5. Paxlovid cost
6. Survivorship lessons
75. Question 3: For patients with mild-moderate symptoms and
the right time frame, which medication is recommended
first?
1. IV remdesivir (Veklury)
2. PO nirmatrelvir, ritonavir tablets (Paxlovid)
3. PO molnupiravir (Lagevrio)
4. PO dexamethasone (Decadron)
5. PO acyclovir (Zovirax)
76.
77.
78.
79. Question 4: Which meds should be considered for a patient
has COVID-19 infection + is hospitalized, is needing
conventional oxygen treatment, but does not have any
signs of systemic inflammation?
Remdesivir
Dexamethasone
PO baricitinib
IV tocilizumab
All of the above
80.
81. Long haul
1 in 7 people get long haul, but symptoms almost all fade away by 1 year
85. Future trends
1. Annual endemic infections, hospitalization, deaths
2. Combined vaccines: 2 companies COVID-flu combined testing now
3. Less breakthroughs, because less urgency (politics), less $ research,
continued profit mode from pharmaceutical companies
4. Costs borne by private insurance and through patient copays + federal at
extremes: expect more delays, confusion, misinformation
5. Harder to find reputable websites outside of the government, many shut down
86.
87. Important sources of information
1. CDC
2. NIH
https://files.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/guidelines/covid19treatmentg
uidelines.pdf,
https://files.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/guidelines/section/section_10
0.pdf
3. IDSA https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/covid-19-guideline-
treatment-and-management/#OverviewofCOVID-
19TreatmentGuidelinesSummaryTable
4. CIDRAP https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/covid-19
5. https://leaps.org/the-best-coronavirus-experts-to-follow-on-twitter/particle-1
89. Acknowledgements
Thank the Upstate NP Association for the opportunity to review these facts about COVID-19. It’s been 3 years since last lecture and
we’ve been through a tremendous amount of change.
Slides will be available in link at lecture….
Almost every slide has a reference in the speaker notes
I post my bibliography of important media articles on my website: neilkao.com
90.
91. Underlying Medical Conditions Associated with Higher Risk for
Severe COVID-19: Information for Healthcare Professionals
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-
care/underlyingconditions.html#anchor_1618433687270 2/9/23
Why is this even worth talking about? Fourth leading cause of death in US still and largely preventable! Look, here’s my theme. We are health care professionals, so we should all know the facts and recommendations (science), so when we see our individual patients, we can give them specific advice (art)(sometimes orders). I will basically try to hammer home the facts. There is so much misinformation, anecdote and controversy. We should be a guiding light.
Electron micrograph credit UCLA. Anatomy. What we’ve learned is the exact genetic sequences
US absolute number minimum 10,000 or multiples. Date: 10/25/23! Why to be concerned. Waves, international, US remains highest, statistically we are physically at greater risk of this and dying from COVID.
Provisional Mortality Data US end 2022. COVID 4th leading cause. Was 3rd in 2020 & 2021
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1254488/us-share-of-total-covid-deaths-by-age-group/ . around 27 percent of total COVID-19 deaths in the United States have been among adults 85 years and older, despite this age group only accounting for two percent of the U.S. population. Age is by far the greatest risk factor
NCHS Data Brief No. 456, December 2022. Latest data: rate doubles per decade from ~15-24 y/o
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-managers/coverage/adultvaxview/pubs-resources/sociodemographic-factors-covid19-vaccination.html 5/10/21 and still true!!
https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2022/03/03/the-changing-political-geography-of-covid-19-over-the-last-two-years/ The point of this slide is NOT to politicize this lecture, but to point out that every conceivable variable to being obsessively tracked. It would be best if medical decisions were made without the input of politics, but that is not what happens in the US. I stress this when I speak with patients, make your decisions based on objective facts, not political party or religon or if you like Pepsi better than Coke. As much as we rely on science, we should look at the data and ask ourselves what is it that can explain this?
https://aspr.hhs.gov/COVID-19-Therapeutics/USG-COVID19-Tx-Playbook/Pages/Module-1-COVID19-Outpatient-Therapeutics-Ovierview.aspx no date
Prioritization strategy includes 4 factors: age, vaccination status, immune status, and clinical risk factors.
People with Certain Medical Conditions https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html 5/11/13
http://www.bccdc.ca/health-professionals/clinical-resources/covid-19-care/health-care-provider-support I love this slide from 5/1/20. We all do this reflexively in seconds of meeting any patient
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7240a2.htm Here’s what happened during the last year. We are HERE Nov.11!
https://www.ondemand.labcorp.com/at-home-test-kits/covid-19-flu-rsv-test-home-collection-kit, Cepheid Respiratory virus test (A&B both). There are NO home tests for RSV. https://time.com/6316682/at-home-tests-covid-19-rsv-flu/
https://www.fda.gov/media/165690/download. There is currently only 1 home test licensed for home testing for influenza. It happens to test for COVID at the same time. Company declared bankruptcy, then was granted approval by FDA 3/23. Bought by Pfizer. https://www.statnews.com/2023/03/08/fda-comment-approval-covid-flu-home-test-lucira/
https://www.goodrx.com/conditions/covid-19/covid-19-boosters Comparing vaccines HV.1 > EG.5, versions of omicron. Just 3.5% total population vaccinated
https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/whats-new/immunization-overview-2023-2024.html. Slides is almost identical from CDC, more words, too many. Extra: where access and more information
https://healthunlocked.com/cllsupport/posts/148502693/pneumonia-vaccine-pcv-20-single-shot-now-recommended. Thus I am getting 3 vaccinations this Fall. Briefly thought I get 4!
Masks are effective, reduce odds by ~50%, depending on variables: fit, type, duration, distance, ventilation/
Himalayan mountains
Monitor self, MASK, test, precautions
Same pictorial, MASK
ISOLATION and masking to reduce the viral load to those around you. Concept Viral load. The more you get, the more antibodies you need to generate, which takes time and a healthy immune system.
Next step! Exposure, symptoms, testing! Protect you loved ones. Remember 6-10 days, if nothing else!
More details to reduce spread.
Stage illness! Essentialy for guiding treatment. Moderate to severe, know the difference!
National Institutes of Health. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines. Accessed at www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov on 3 August 2023.
COVID-19 | Annals of Internal Medicine (acpjournals.org) https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/AITC202310170?utm_source=cmpnr&utm_campaign=tfa_202310_2&utm_content=2&cmp=1&utm_medium=email
List of unproven methods against COVID-19 - Wikipedia There’s actually a massive list on Wikipedia, which actually seemed to me to be well curated and referenced.
https://theconversation.com/covid-19-variants-faq-how-did-the-u-k-south-africa-and-brazil-variants-emerge-are-they-more-contagious-how-does-a-virus-mutate-could-there-be-a-super-variant-that-evades-vaccines-159032. This is how they worked but there are NO approved antibody products now.
https://www.idsociety.org/covid-19-real-time-learning-network/therapeutics-and-interventions/covid-19-outpatient-treatment-guidelines-roadmap/#/+/0/publishedDate_na_dt/desc/
https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/covid-19-guideline-treatment-and-management/#OverviewofCOVID-19TreatmentGuidelinesSummaryTable
Break apart and enlarge
https://aspr.hhs.gov/COVID-19-Therapeutics/Outpatient-Therapeutics-Clinical-Decision-Aide/Pages/default.aspx Clinical Decision Aid for Ages 12+ years 9/23
https://aspr.hhs.gov/COVID-19-Therapeutics/Outpatient-Therapeutics-Clinical-Decision-Aide/Pages/default.aspx Clinical Decision Aid for Pediatric patients 28 days of Age and Older 9/23
https://www.acep.org/corona/covid-19-field-guide/treatment/effective-treatments 7/19/23 Therapeutic Management of Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19 Names redesivir, dexamethasone, tocilzumab (they are in ICU and in big trouble). Beyond this, no scope.
NIH updated guidelines 10/10/23
https://www.acep.org/corona/covid-19-field-guide/treatment/effective-treatments 7/19/23 Therapeutic Management of Nonhospitalized Adults With COVID-19
Mount Tapui in Venezuela (table top), 9,700 feet to ground below. Up waterfall. Conan Doyle Lost World
https://www.bmj.com/content/378/bmj-2022-072117 Long COVID
https://www.bmj.com/content/378/bmj-2022-072117
Pay attention slide. We must be informed on a timely basis and a source of accurate, objective advice.
Underlying Medical Conditions Associated with Higher Risk for Severe COVID-19: Information for Healthcare Professionals