This document is a report on COVID-19 presented by Bhavya Saini for class 9th section D. It includes an index listing topics such as an introduction to COVID-19, its history, data on cases in Delhi and Sikkim, bar graphs showing case trends, information on treatments and vaccines, a slogan on COVID-19, and an acknowledgment. The introduction provides details on how the virus spreads and is highly contagious, with numerous variants developing. The history section outlines how COVID-19 was first identified in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. The data section shows COVID-19 case numbers from June 1-15, 2021 for Delhi and Sikkim. Information on treatments, testing eligibility

1. Theme: COVID-19
Presented By : Bhavya Saini (1900526)
Class: 9th
Section:D

2. S.No. Topic Page No
1 Introduction to COVID-19 3-5
2 History 6-11
3 Data of Delhi & Sikkim 12
4 BAr Graphs 13-16
5 Treatment /Medicines 17-19
6 Vaccine 20-21
7 Slogan 22
8 Acknowledgement 23
INDEX

3. INTRODUCTION TO COVID-19
• Virus
• Highly contagious
• Has already developed numerous variants throughout the world,
which allow it to spread quicker than the original sars-cov-2 virus
(Covid-19).
• Omicron is the latest variant of concern and research has indicated
that it is more infectious, has a shorter incubation period (two to
four days), and may be better at evading the immune response
generated by both vaccines and natural immunities.
• There is no confirming data on the severity of symptoms, compared
to previous circulating variants.

4. WHY IS THIS SO CONCERNING?
• Pandemic fatigue has developed, making it difficult for individuals to continue to comply with the various
strategies to contain the virus.
• Numbers of individuals in isolation, anxiety, and mental health issues are arising for various reasons.
• With the variants spreading quicker;
• It can put a strain on the healthcare resources (Covid-19 test sites, doctor’s offices, hospitals, labs)
• Existing health issues continue to compound, as surgeries are cancelled and people will continue to avoid obtaining
healthcare for routine preventative measures
• It can put a strain on community resources (ex: taxi services and ambulance services take longer for turn around due to
disinfectant processes, increased costs)

5. HOW DOES IT SPREAD?
• Through respiratory droplets
• The virus can live as an aerosol in a closed area, up to 3 hours after
an individual leaves the space.
• The virus is released in the air as an aerosol when an infected
individual coughs or sneezes
• Close prolonged contact (defined as 15 minutes within a 24
timeframe), or breathing the same infected air for 15 minutes
• Touching an infected area and then touching your eyes, nose or
mouth

6. HISTORY
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-
CoV-2) causes COVID-19
• The first cases were identified in people
with pneumonia in Wuhan, China, in late
December 2019.
• The World Health Organization (WHO)
declared the situation a pandemic on 11
March 2020 signifying
o Widespread human-to-human spread
o Large number of affected countries
COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing;
the situation remains dynamic.

7. SETTINGS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED
RISK
• Closed spaces
• Crowded spaces
• Close contact scenarios, where minimum 1
metres (3 ft) distancing cannot be maintained
• Close range conversations
• Settings where there may be singing,
shouting, or heavy breathing
***Try and avoid spaces where theses
scenarios overlap, especially if masks are not
being worn
Ex: closed spaces that are crowded with close-
range conversations

8. RISKS
• The overall risk for people of acquiring Covid-19
remains high
• The risk remains unique to the area and varies
between and within communities

9. WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU
GET EXPOSED?
• The virus gets in your body through your eyes, nose, or mouth
• It attaches to the ACE2 receptors in the body, which is a protein that lines
our organs (lungs, heart, blood vessels, kidneys, liver, GI tract)
• Once it attaches to these proteins, it causes inflammation
• This can overwhelm your immune system
• Under certain conditions (increased risk factors discussed later), there is
an increased risk of experiencing severe symptoms of the COVID-19, or even
death

10. INCUBATION
• Once you are exposed to COVID-19, you can develop symptoms up to 14 days after
exposure.
• Preliminary research indicates that Omicron is more infectious, has a shorter
incubation period (two to four days), and may be better at evading the immune
response generated by both vaccines and natural immunities.
• There is no confirming data on the severity of symptoms, compared to previous
circulating variants.
• Symptoms can vary from person to person and within different age groups.
• Severity of symptoms can range from mild to severe.

11. INFECTION AND RECOVERY
• A person with COVID-19 is generally considered infectious
• Beginning 48 before symptoms started, or if no symptoms, 48 hours before the positive test
was taken
• Ending 10 full days after the start of symptoms (or 10 full days from test date if no
symptoms) AND feeling better (no fever and improving).
• You need to self-isolate while you are considered infectious to limit further spread.
• You are considered recovered when you are no longer infectious: typically, 10 days after
symptoms have started (with first day of symptoms being considered Day zero), no
fever, AND you are feeling better
• For the immediate three months (90 days) after you are considered recovered, COVID-
19 testing is typically not recommended. If you develop symptoms in these 3 months,
you must self-isolate until symptoms resolve.

12. Date
Confirmed Positive Cases Total Active Cases Total Recovered Cases Deceased Cases
Delhi Sikkim Delhi Sikkim Delhi Sikkim Delhi Sikkim
1 June 19844 15317 10893 4021 8478 11047 473 253
2 June 20834 15626 11565 3992 8746 11377 523 257
3 June 22132 15987 12333 4017 9243 11671 556 260
4 June 23686 16165 13453 4126 9678 11718 598 263
5 June 25804 16518 14456 4250 9898 12002 650 266
6 June 26334 16771 15311 4218 10315 12285 708 268
7 June 27654 17111 16229 4306 10664 12532 761 273
8 June 27654 17170 16229 4051 10664 12846 761 273
9 June 29943 17425 17712 4018 11357 13132 874 275
10 June 31309 17656 18543 3869 11861 13511 905 276
11 June 32810 17943 19581 4040 12245 13624 984 279
12 June 33978 18090 21341 3908 12545 13901 1098 281
13 June 36824 18257 22212 3783 13398 14193 1214 281
14 June 38958 18414 22742 3553 14945 14580 1271 281
15 June 41182 18450 24032 3306 15823 14863 1327 281
DETAILED DATA OF DELHI & SIKKIM FROM 1ST JUNE 2021 TO 15TH JUNE 2021

17. TREATEMENT/MEDICINES
∙ Mildly sick patients can be managed at home with rest, plenty of fluids and medications to relieve
symptoms.
∙ Severe cases require hospitalisation where they can be managed with oxygen, intravenous
fluids, and specific intravenous medication. They may require extensive support in intensive care
with mechanical ventilation as well as other support for organ failure.
∙ Antiviral medications are available in an increasing number of locations. These medications for
use in mild to moderately ill patients who are at a higher risk of severe disease.

18. PCR TESTING ELIGIBILITY
1. People who have symptoms, or have been identified as a close contact of a positive case,
AND
a) are considered at increased risk for severe disease
b) live in congregate settings, OR
c) are integral to keeping our health system running
2. Testing required for a medical procedure
3. Partially or unvaccinated travelers who need 2 negative PCR tests to stop isolating after at least
7 days

19. RAPID TESTING ELIGIBILITY
• All other symptomatic persons or identified as close contacts can book an appointment for a
rapid test pick-up at a COVID-19 Testing Centre. Drop-in appointments are NOT available.
• If you have rapid test kits at home, it is important to note:
• 2 negative tests, 48 hours apart = negative (unless you are not fully vaccinated and have ongoing
symptoms, in which case you need a third negative test)
• 1 positive = positive – no confirmation PCR test necessary.
• If you are using a rapid test and your result is positive, you do not need to do a follow up
PCR test. You have COVID-19 and you need to isolate and notify your close contacts.

20. TYPES OF VACCINES IN INDIA
India has two approved COVID-19 Vaccines:
1. The Oxford- Astrazeneca COvid-19 Vaccine, codenamed AD1222 sold under the name COVISHIELD.
On 1 January 2021, the Drug Controller General of India, approved the emergency or conditional use of Covishield.
1. On 2 January 2021, Covaxin India's first COVID-19 vaccine, developed by Bharat Biotech in association with the Indian
Council of Medical Research and National Institute of Virology received approval from the Drug Controller General of India
for its emergency or conditional usage.

21. EFFECTIVENESS & HOW DOES IT WORKS
Covishield vaccine protected significantly against Covid-19, with a higher protection rate against severe
forms of disease whereas Covaxin is generally considered effective if the estimate is ≥50% with a >30%
lower limit of the 95% confidence interval. Effectiveness is generally expected to slowly decrease over
time.
Different types of vaccines work in different ways to offer protection. But with all types of vaccines, the
body is left with a supply of “memory” T-lymphocytes as well as B-lymphocytes that will remember how to
fight that virus in the future.

22. SLOGAN ON COVID-19

23. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher (Name of
the teacher) as well as our principal (Name of the principal)who gave me the
golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic COVID-19 which
also helped me in doing a lot of Research and i came to know about so many
new things I am really thankful to them.
Secondly i would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me a lot
in finalizing this project within the limited time frame.