Understanding Asthma: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment
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These slides were used for today's lecture. I hope they help.
![Neil L. Kao, M.D. Assistant Professor of Medicine U.S.C. School of Medicine Director of Research ADAC Research, P.A. [Missions: teach, research, service]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Understanding Asthma: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment
- 2. Neil L. Kao, M.D. Assistant Professor of Medicine U.S.C. School of Medicine Director of Research ADAC Research, P.A. [Missions: teach, research, service]
- 20. Severity: Impairment and Risk Domains
Editor's Notes
- An expert panel commissioned by the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) Coordinating Committee (CC) developed the 2007 EPR 3 Guidelines on Asthma. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health coordinated the effort.
- The expert panel used the 1997 guidelines and the 2004 update as the framework to organize the literature review, and the final guidelines report for four essential components of asthma care: assessment and monitoring, patient education, control of factors contributing to asthma severity, and pharmacologic treatment. Here are a few highlights.
- Inhaled Corticosteroids Inhaled corticosteroids are the most effective medications for long-term management of persistent asthma, and they should be used by patients and clinicians as recommended in the guidelines for controlling asthma. Message: Asthma Action Plan All people who have asthma should receive a written asthma action plan to guide their self-management efforts. Message: Asthma Severity Message: All patients should have an initial severity assessment based on measures of current impairment and future risk to determine type and level of initial therapy needed. Message: Asthma Control Message: At planned follow-up visits, asthma patients should review the level of control with their health care providers on the basis of multiple measures of current impairment and future risk; this review can guide clinician decisions to either maintain or adjust therapy. Message: Follow-up Visits Patients who have asthma should be scheduled for planned follow-up visits at periodic intervals to assess their asthma control and to modify treatment if needed. Message: Allergen and Irritant Exposure Control Clinicians should review each patient’s sensitivity to allergens and irritants and provide a multipronged strategy to reduce exposure—i.e., avoid exposures that make the patient’s asthma worse.
- Diagnosing Asthma
- Diagnosing Asthma: Spirometry
- Key Point: “ Impairment” and “risk” are important concepts that you will hear much about in the future. This is how we look at severity and risk. In terms of SEVERITY, it must be understood as the PRE-TREATMENT ASSESSMENT of asthma. Slide Notes: Asthma “severity” has always been a tricky term. The correlation between the intensity of symptoms and the “severity” category into which a patient would fall often seems contradictory It is important to remember that severity is an assessment BEFORE treatment. Herein, one must consider both the near-term and long-term assessment of a patient to have a full understanding of severity This slide depicts some of the concepts that fall under the two main components of severity: “Impairment” and “Risk”
- Avoidance of allergens when possible is the most important aspect of allergy treatment. Decreasing exposure to allergens results in improvement in symptoms and less need for medications. Total avoidance of allergens is usually not possible, so medications are usually necessary. Fortunately we have many safe and effective medications for allergies. Allergy injections are usually reserved for those patients whose symptoms are not controlled by avoidance and medications. Allergy injections can be very effective in certain patients with certain allergies, but should be prescribed and administered by physicians with training or experience in this kind of therapy.
- Medications to Treat Asthma