A detailed description of the evolution of courtyards, how they are used around the world and particularly in the Indian context.
(I'm sorry about the annoying webdings font. Slideshare didn't recognize the one I had used. Should've just stuck with Times New Roman.)
This paper depicts a vast knowledge on vernacular architecture of India. Vernacular architecture refers to the buildings which are constructed by the knowledge of local technology and craftsmanship, using locally available building materials; simultaneously, ensuring climatic comforts to the users. Thus vernacular architecture is related to the climatic issues, cultural and socio-economic conditions of different regions of any country. Hence, India is a country with diversified climate and socio-cultural conditions. Here, each region has its own unique characteristics of building design in the form of climate-responsive vernacular architecture. The aim of this paper is to assemble all those different types of vernacular practices throughout the different climatic regions of India.
General principles – Direct gain systems - Glazed walls, Bay windows,
Attached sun spaces etc. Indirect gain systems – Trombe wall, Water wall, Solar Chimney, Transwall, Roof
pond, etc - Isolated gain systems – Natural convective loop etc. Active Heating Systems : Solar water
heating systems
A detailed description of the evolution of courtyards, how they are used around the world and particularly in the Indian context.
(I'm sorry about the annoying webdings font. Slideshare didn't recognize the one I had used. Should've just stuck with Times New Roman.)
This paper depicts a vast knowledge on vernacular architecture of India. Vernacular architecture refers to the buildings which are constructed by the knowledge of local technology and craftsmanship, using locally available building materials; simultaneously, ensuring climatic comforts to the users. Thus vernacular architecture is related to the climatic issues, cultural and socio-economic conditions of different regions of any country. Hence, India is a country with diversified climate and socio-cultural conditions. Here, each region has its own unique characteristics of building design in the form of climate-responsive vernacular architecture. The aim of this paper is to assemble all those different types of vernacular practices throughout the different climatic regions of India.
General principles – Direct gain systems - Glazed walls, Bay windows,
Attached sun spaces etc. Indirect gain systems – Trombe wall, Water wall, Solar Chimney, Transwall, Roof
pond, etc - Isolated gain systems – Natural convective loop etc. Active Heating Systems : Solar water
heating systems
The ppt consists of types of climatic regions in india, 5 typesof climatic zones in india, their description , cold and cloudy zone, shimla, himachal pradesh, types of design features according to climatic zones, active and passive cooling and heating techniques in cold and cloudy region.
Difference between Traditional and Vernacular architecture Ar. Prerna Chouhan
lessons from traditional buildings _ semester 1 of masters of architecture from Chandigarh College of Architecture.
what do you understand by traditional architecture?
characteristics of traditional architecture,
what do you understand by vernacular architecture?
difference and similarities between traditional and vernacular architecture
"warm and humid" climate and their designsAnubhav Arora
in this ppt you will know how and what should we design in the warm and humid climate area like Kerala, it is best example for warm and humid zone.
Hope it will be useful for you.
hello! find the details about composite climate and aurabindo ashramam here. If u want best architecture and interior services, click on https://jakkan.com/ and contact them. They give best services.
Ancient Egyptian Houses, and influence on Hassan FathyHanady14
A detailed research on Ancient Egyptian residential houses of both middle class and elite families, from materials to room layouts to architectural components as well as an overview on their influence in modern times, especially their influence on Egyptian architect Hassan Fathy
The ppt consists of types of climatic regions in india, 5 typesof climatic zones in india, their description , cold and cloudy zone, shimla, himachal pradesh, types of design features according to climatic zones, active and passive cooling and heating techniques in cold and cloudy region.
Difference between Traditional and Vernacular architecture Ar. Prerna Chouhan
lessons from traditional buildings _ semester 1 of masters of architecture from Chandigarh College of Architecture.
what do you understand by traditional architecture?
characteristics of traditional architecture,
what do you understand by vernacular architecture?
difference and similarities between traditional and vernacular architecture
"warm and humid" climate and their designsAnubhav Arora
in this ppt you will know how and what should we design in the warm and humid climate area like Kerala, it is best example for warm and humid zone.
Hope it will be useful for you.
hello! find the details about composite climate and aurabindo ashramam here. If u want best architecture and interior services, click on https://jakkan.com/ and contact them. They give best services.
Ancient Egyptian Houses, and influence on Hassan FathyHanady14
A detailed research on Ancient Egyptian residential houses of both middle class and elite families, from materials to room layouts to architectural components as well as an overview on their influence in modern times, especially their influence on Egyptian architect Hassan Fathy
MAXIMIZING GREEN SPACE IN A BUILDING COMPLEX THROUGH ALTERNATIVE LANDSCAPE DE...Mohammad Salman
Maximizing green space within building
complexes is crucial for creating sustainable and livable
urban environments. This study explores the utilization of
alternative landscape design elements, including vertical
gardens, rooftop gardens, and indoor green walls, to
achieve this goal. By integrating innovative approaches, the
research aims to enhance the built environment, promote
sustainability, and improve the well-being of residents. The
study analysis case studies, assesses environmental and
social impacts, and evaluates economic viability to provide
valuable insights for architects and developers interested in
creating vibrant, ecological spaces. Keywords: green space,
alternative landscape design elements, building complex,
sustainability, vertical gardens, rooftop gardens, indoor
green walls, environmental impacts, social impacts,
economic viability
Green Roofs—How to Add This Value-Enhancing Amenity in Multifamily HousingCarolyn Zezima
Slides from the one-hour recorded webinar discusses how multifamily property owners, managers, and developers can install “green roofs” to help improve water run-off, air quality, and residents’ well-being; enhance the overall value of their properties; and comply with new and ever-stricter “green” requirements that cities across the country are mandating. While local governments and utilities often offer generous incentives for installing green roofs, some cities are now requiring building owners to meet green roofing standards—or be fined.
Presented by sustainability and affordable housing expert Carolyn Zezima, and green roofs expert Mike Curry, this one-hour recording covers:
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The costs — and incentives that can help make a green roof more affordable
For an excerpt and to purchase the Webinar on demand: https://www.vendomerealestatemedia.com/product/demand-webinar-green-roofs-how-add-value-enhancing-amenity-multifamily-housing
From Garden Preservation to Status Symbol: A History of ConservatoriesCarrie_Cheeseman
Conservatories are buildings made of glass and used as greenhouses or sunrooms. Today’s structures are places where homeowners can extend their living space or cultivate flowers, fruits, and vegetables.
Vernacular architecture case study with examplesVISHAKA BOTHRA
case study on vernacular architecture, examples of vernacular architecture, literature case study of vernacular architecture, examples of vernacular architecture of India, Maharashtra, Nanded, Aurangabad, complete case study on vernacular architecture
Surname 1Name of the student Subject Villa Rotond.docxmattinsonjanel
Surname 1
Name of the student:
Subject: Villa Rotonda
Introduction
Alongside the mosque of Cordoba, Villa Rotunda stands as an architectural marvel in Western Europe. The design, aesthetic grandeur, the décor and the landscape are perfectly blended to achieve a harmonised parallelism of the renaissance villas. The design, done by Andrea Palladio is a quintessential representative of the Venetian Renaissance art movement that was prominent during the construction and the excogitation of La Rotunda (Andreorio 18).
Direction and site of the Mansion
Currently, the mansion stands on the outskirts of Vicenza city in Italy and has been listed by the UNESCO as a world heritage site due to its unique and intelligible design. Facing the Western cardinal point, Palladio erected the building at the peak of the hillocks of Vicenza, a perfect location of the mansion considering the rocky nature of the area onto which the building is anchored onto.
Landscape of the mansion
Indicated on a hilly platform, the design of the mansion took into account a very key architectural principle in design – viewpoint. The focus of the designer, while locating the villa on the hilly location, was to establish a panoramic view of the surroundings (Mitrovic 119). Documented history reveals that Palladio himself, planned to locate the mansion at the centre of the hillocks overlooking the surrounding hills, this was to establish a decent façade for the villa, a marvel that contributes greatly to the aesthetical value of the building (Mitrovic 111).
In designing the location of the villa in terms of the landscape and the design of the surrounding environment, Palladio must have laid his main focus on getting maximum lighting from the sun (Bloszies 101).. The higher ground receives direct solar insolent (Parissien 118). The design was meant to capitalize on the full reception of the sun rays thereby providing maximum light to the building, a very important precept in design and construction. The patio erected by Palladio leading right into the front door of the house leaves a landmark terrace that has been termed as an extra reinforcement to the house. The design, according to analysts, was done to ease the accessibility to the main house; it linked the garden to the main house providing a perfect avenue for accessing the main house (Parissien 126).
La Rotunda: Landscape of the mansion
(
http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/jan/05/architect-andrea-palladio)
Ventilation and circulation
Analysts have attributed the design of the palatial mansion to the humanistic approach that the renaissance art instituted during the design era of la Rotunda Villa (Bloszies 322). For the building to achieve maximum ventilation, Palladio insisted that the location of the mansion must be on top of one of the small Hillocks in Vincenzia (Semenzato 132). This concept was established from the architectural concept of elevating the house so that circulation ...
Expert Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) Drafting ServicesResDraft
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Hello everyone! I am thrilled to present my latest portfolio on LinkedIn, marking the culmination of my architectural journey thus far. Over the span of five years, I've been fortunate to acquire a wealth of knowledge under the guidance of esteemed professors and industry mentors. From rigorous academic pursuits to practical engagements, each experience has contributed to my growth and refinement as an architecture student. This portfolio not only showcases my projects but also underscores my attention to detail and to innovative architecture as a profession.
You could be a professional graphic designer and still make mistakes. There is always the possibility of human error. On the other hand if you’re not a designer, the chances of making some common graphic design mistakes are even higher. Because you don’t know what you don’t know. That’s where this blog comes in. To make your job easier and help you create better designs, we have put together a list of common graphic design mistakes that you need to avoid.
Book Formatting: Quality Control Checks for DesignersConfidence Ago
This presentation was made to help designers who work in publishing houses or format books for printing ensure quality.
Quality control is vital to every industry. This is why every department in a company need create a method they use in ensuring quality. This, perhaps, will not only improve the quality of products and bring errors to the barest minimum, but take it to a near perfect finish.
It is beyond a moot point that a good book will somewhat be judged by its cover, but the content of the book remains king. No matter how beautiful the cover, if the quality of writing or presentation is off, that will be a reason for readers not to come back to the book or recommend it.
So, this presentation points designers to some important things that may be missed by an editor that they could eventually discover and call the attention of the editor.
Dive into the innovative world of smart garages with our insightful presentation, "Exploring the Future of Smart Garages." This comprehensive guide covers the latest advancements in garage technology, including automated systems, smart security features, energy efficiency solutions, and seamless integration with smart home ecosystems. Learn how these technologies are transforming traditional garages into high-tech, efficient spaces that enhance convenience, safety, and sustainability.
Ideal for homeowners, tech enthusiasts, and industry professionals, this presentation provides valuable insights into the trends, benefits, and future developments in smart garage technology. Stay ahead of the curve with our expert analysis and practical tips on implementing smart garage solutions.
2. • A court or courtyard is an enclosed area, often
a space enclosed by a building that is open to
the sky. These areas in inns and public buildings
were often the primary meeting places for some
purposes, leading to the other meanings
of court. Both of the words "court" and "yard"
derive from the same root, meaning an enclosed
space.
Introduction
3. The huge courtyard surrounded by arched porticoes in
the Great Mosque of Kairouan in Tunisia .
5. Historic use
• Courtyards—private open spaces surrounded by walls
or buildings—have been in use in residential
architecture for almost as long as people have lived in
constructed dwellings. The courtyard house makes its
first appearance ca. 6400–6000 BC (calibrated), in the
Neolithic Yarmukian site at Sha'ar HaGolan, in the
central Jordan Valley, on the northern bank of the
Yarmouk River, giving the site a special significance in
architectural history.
• Courtyards have historically been used for many
purposes including cooking, sleeping, working,
playing, gardening, and even places to keep animals.
6. • Before courtyards, open fires were kept burning in a central
place within a home, with only a small hole in the
ceiling overhead to allow smoke to escape. Over time, these
small openings were enlarged and eventually led to the
development of the centralized open courtyard we know today.
Courtyard homes have been designed and built throughout the
world with many variations.
• Courtyard homes are more prevalent in temperate climates, as
an open central court can be an important aid to cooling house
in warm weather. However, courtyard houses have been found
in harsher climates as well for centuries. The comforts offered
by a courtyard—air, light, privacy, security, and tranquility—are
properties nearly universally desired in human housing.
10. UR
2000 BC — two-storey houses constructed around an
open square were built of fired brick. Kitchen, working,
and public spaces were located on the ground floor, with
private rooms located upstairs
11. The central uncovered area in a Roman domus was
referred to as an atrium. Today, we generally use the term
courtyard to refer to such an area, reserving the word
atrium to describe a glass-covered courtyard. Roman
atrium houses were built side by side along the street.
They were one-storey homes without windows that took in
light from the entrance and from the central atrium. The
hearth, which used to inhabit the center of the home, was
relocated, and the Roman atrium most often contained a
central pool used to collect rainwater, called an
impluvium. These homes frequently incorporated a
second open-air area, the garden, which would be
surrounded by Greek-style colonnades, forming a
peristyle. This created a colonnaded walkway around the
perimeter of the courtyard, which influenced monastic
structures centuries later.
Rome
12. The Middle East
Courtyard houses in the Middle East reflect the nomadic
influences of the region. Instead of officially designating
rooms for cooking, sleeping, etc., these activities were
relocated throughout the year as appropriate to
accommodate the changes in temperature and the
position of the sun. Often the flat rooftops of these
structures were used for sleeping in warm weather. In
some Islamic cultures, private courtyards provided the
only outdoor space for women to relax unobserved.
13. China
The traditional Chinese courtyard house, e.g., siheyuan,
is an arrangement of several individual houses around a
square. Each house belongs to a different family member,
and additional houses are created behind this
arrangement to accommodate additional family members
as needed. The Chinese courtyard is a place of privacy
and tranquility, almost always incorporating a garden and
water feature. In some cases, houses are constructed
with multiple courtyards that increase in privacy as they
recede from the street. Strangers would be received in the
outermost courtyard, with the innermost ones being
reserved for close friends and family members.
14. Hooper House
• In a more contemporary version of the Chinese model, a
courtyard can also can be used to separate a home into
wings; for example, one wing of the house may be for
entertaining/dining, and the other wing may be for
sleeping/family/privacy. This is exemplified by the Hooper
House in Baltimore, Maryland.
15. Europe
The medieval European farmhouse embodies what we
think of today as one of the most archetypal examples of
a courtyard house—four buildings arranged around a
square courtyard with a steep roof covered by thatch. The
central courtyard was used for working, gathering, and
sometimes keeping small livestock. An elevated walkway
frequently ran around two or three sides of the courtyards
in the houses. Such structures afforded protection, and
could even be made defensible.
16. United States
In the first half of the 20th century, a trend developed in
Los Angeles around Courtyard houses. Designers such
as the Davis family and the Zwebell family developed
houses that only visually appeared to mimic
Mediterranean architecture, but using very carefully
planned courtyards managed to create both a sense of
community, safety and scale. Using various levels of
private/public gradations these courtyard houses were so
successful that they have been copied throughout the
western coast of the United States.
17. In San Francisco, the floor plans of "marina style" houses
often include a central patio, a miniature version of an
open courtyard, sometimes covered with glass or a
translucent material. Central patios provide natural light to
common areas and space for potted outdoor plants.
18. Pakistan
In Gilgit/Baltistan, Pakistan, courtyards were traditionally
used for public gatherings where village related issues
were discussed. These were different from jirgahs, which
are a tradition of the tribal regions of Pakistan.
26. A ventilated courtyard as a passive cooling
strategy in the warm humid tropics
• The inclusion of an internal courtyard in building design is
attributed to the optimization of natural ventilation in order
to minimize indoor overheating conditions. However, the
efficiency of this strategy greatly depends on the design
details of the building composition in providing appropriate
airflow pattern to the courtyard. From the results of
thermal measurements, a significant correlation between
wall surface temperatures and indoor air temperatures is
evident. A reduction of indoor air temperature below the
levels of ambient is seen as a function of heat exchange
between the indoor air and high thermal mass of the
building fabric. However, this behavior is affected by
indoor airflow patterns, which are controlled through the
composition between envelope openings and the
courtyard of the building.
27. • From a computational analysis, several airflow patterns
are identified. A relatively better indoor thermal
modification is seen when the courtyard acts as an air
funnel discharging indoor air into the sky, than the
courtyard acts as a suction zone inducing air from its sky
opening. The earlier pattern is promoted when the
courtyard is ventilated through openings found in the
building envelope. The computational simulation utilizing
the standard k-ϵ turbulent model with isothermal condition
agrees closely with the measurements taken from the
field investigation.
28.
29. Relevance today
• Courtyard houses made a lot of sense. The residents got
outdoor space that was secure and usable at all times of
day; nobody had to lock a window or door that opened
into the central area. It provided lots of natural ventilation.
The roofs were often used for rainwater collection. They
have kept people appropriately warm and cool without
high technology- for 4,500 years.
• Now, according to the Wall Street Journal, they are all the
rage again, for many of the same reasons that the
Romans loved them 2000 years ago.
30.
31. • Today, the courtyard has swung back to being a blend of
geometry and nature, transforming from a functional
protection from weather and foes to a space that's
conducive to spending more time outside. Courtyards
work with any style of home, from modern to classical, but
the designs are particularly popular in warmer climates,
where courtyards induce airflow. When designed properly,
one end of the courtyard can be 15 degrees cooler than
the other end because
• The Journal notes that building a courtyard house is more
expensive because of the additional exterior wall surface,
but this is compensated for by the fact that " the increased
outdoor space, converted from indoor space, can lead to
lower energy bills as there is less home to heat.of cross-
ventilation.
32. Modern technology is also helping
• A slew of new building technologies—particularly in
windows, doors and lighting—has also played a role.
Window and door manufacturers now make 8-foot-wide
panels that can be combined to create a 32-foot-long
stretch, for example.... Similarly, LED lighting has allowed
architects to transform the courtyard into a functional
room at night so it doesn't just sit there like, "dead space,"
34. Overview
• The concept of the courtyard house reinterprets the
suburban ideal of a detached house sitting in the middle
of a plot. These dwellings challenge the conventional and
are an exciting option for lifestylers.
35. Project Summary
• This development of thirteen courtyard houses makes up part
of the redevelopment of surplus defense land known as Fort
Dorset in Wellington’s Seatoun and includes a new primary
school for the suburb. The courtyard houses are surrounded by
a number of detached and semi-detached houses that are
stand-alone developments. The development master plan was
created to provide a complete design response for the site
using both architecture and landscape architecture disciplines.
The courtyard development was comprehensively designed for
the center of the site to provide a catalyst for the stand alone
development of surrounding detached and semidetached
houses. The interconnecting building shapes of the courtyard
development alternate between single and two storey buildings
that shape and shelter private courtyards. The houses, their
garden walls and planting provide a staggered edge that adds
character to the surrounding public lanes.
36. Key Project Information
• Project type: Courtyard houses.
• Site area : 4200 M^2.
• Density: 30 DW/HA.
• The site makes up part of the redevelopment of surplus
defense land known as Fort Dorset in Seatoun.
• The site has a very flat topography.
• Parking: Front access,
• Single internal garage per dwelling (for 6 dwellings),
• Double internal garage per dwelling (for 7 dwellings),
• Four visitor car parking spaces
• Comprehensive residential development of 13 single and two
storey courtyard houses
• The houses comprise two basic models. The singlestorey 16m
houses are spaced between the twostorey 20m houses so that
views and sun are maximised
38. 1. The size of the overall site provides for the opportunity
of a range of different building typologies adjacent to the
early-mid 20th century development of detached
housing that makes up the majority of Seatoun
dwellings.
2. New access ways open the interior of the site to a
coastal walkway leading to the rugged Wellington
Harbour heads
40. 1. The clever design of the buildings defines both the
smaller sheltered courtyard spaces but also provides for
a stronger anchor in the middle of this comprehensive
development.
2. The integration of buildings and outdoor space
maximises the useability of the site, controlling how
every square meter is utilised. This is in contrast with
typical suburban development which is likely to have
areas that are under-utilised.
42. 1. The composition of planting, the sculptural form of
buildings, the activity of screens, gates, garage doors,
doors and windows all positively contribute to the public
realm.
2. There are sufficient windows that overlook the lanes
and provide for a level of comfort and safety for people
moving through the area.
3. The diversity of different edge conditions and building
materials provide for an attractive environment.
44. 1. The development is made up of 13 individual courtyard
houses that alternate between one and two storey
forms to maximise the views from the houses and
courtyards as well as letting the sun in.
2. These houses provide a new and refreshing typology
for a suburban development.
3. There is both variety that helps break down the form
and cohesion through the design style and materials
that holds it together.
4. The skillful use of interconnected forms, shared walls
and fences creates a comprehensive whole.
47. 1. The built form arrangement of each house shapes the
integral private courtyard.
2. The interior spaces seamlessly integrate with the
external courtyards by using floor to ceiling glazing.
3. North orientation maximises passive heating through
solar gain for internal living spaces.
50. 1. The car does not dominate as the surrounding lanes
effectively operate as shared surfaces.
2. Each house provides for car parking in a range of
double, single garages and open car pads that step in
and out with the different building forms. This diversity
helps break down what could have been a visually
monotonous line of garage doors.