Country Report-Indonesia for seminar forest protetcion

1. FOREST
LAW
ENFORCEMENT
Seminar
on
Natural
Forest
Protection
for
Developing
Countries,
April
2023

2. OUTLINE
•Overview of Geological location, and
Government System of Indonesia
•Cultures Diversity in Indonesia
•Ecosystem Diversity in Indonesia
•Biodiversity in Indonesia
•Thrests to Forestry in Indonesia
•Case Study in Kerinci Seblat National Park
•Law Enforcement for Forest and Land Fires

3. Overview of
Geological location
and Government
System of Indonesia

4. Geographical
location
of
Indonesia
-­‐ Geographically, Indonesia is flanked
by two large continents, namely the
Asian Continent to the Northwest
and the Australian Continent to the
Southeast
-­‐ Indonesia has approximately 17,000
islands. Indonesia is defined as 7
(seven) bioregions, namely (i)
Sumatra, (ii) Java and Bali, (iii)
Kalimantan, (iv) Sulawesi, (v) the
Lesser Sunda Islands, (vi) Maluku,
and (vii) Papua. The Bioregion in
Papua has a wide landscape as well
as a rich diversity of biodiversity and
high endemism which affect the
function of its ecosystem
-­‐ Indonesia has an administrative
territory consisting of 38 provinces,
416 regencies, 1 administrative
district, 98 cities and 5
administrative cities.

5. Flags
and
State
Leaders
The
Indonesian
flag
is
red
and
white,
the
red
color
represents
courage
and
the
white
color
represents
purity
The
form
of
government
of
the
Indonesian
is
a
Constitutional
Republic,
while
the
Indonesian
government
system
is
a
Presidential
System,
since
independence
in
1945
until
now,
Indonesia
has
changed
the
President
7
times.
Government
System

6. The
national
symbol
is
the
Garuda
Pancasila,
which
has
5
values
in
human
life:
1. a
star
simbolize the
one
and
only
God,
2. gold
chains
simbolize fair
and
civilized
humanity,
3. the
three
banyan
trees
simbolize Indonesian
unity,
4. bull's
head
simbolize
democracy
lead
by
wisdom
in
representative
deliberations
and
5. rice
and
cotton
simbolize
social
justice
for
all
Indonesian
people

7. Cultures
Diversity in
Indonesia

8. Cultures
Diversity
in
Indonesia
• The Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture records and
determines the list of intangible cultural heritage. As of November
2022, there are 11,622 recorded cultural heritages and 1,728 of them
have been designated.
• The richness of culture in Indonesia includes: diversity of languages,
language accents, traditional clothes, traditional houses, traditional
foods, traditional dances, traditional musical instruments, etc

9. Cultural
Festivals
Stone
Jumping
Festival
in
Nias
Erau Kertanegara Festival
in
Tenggarong
Raja
Ampat's Baliem Valley
Festival
Lake
Sentani Festival
Cow
Race
in
Madura

10. Cultural
Festivals
Reog Festival
Dieng Culture
Festival
Ogoh-­‐Ogoh Festival
-­‐ Bali
Sekaten Festival-­‐ Grebeg Maulud
Batik
Festival Danau Toba
Festival

11. Shadow
Puppets
-­‐ Jawa
Ondel-­‐Ondel
Kecak Traditional
Dance Pendhet Traditional
Dance
Salman
Traditional
Dance Plate
Traditional
Danca

12. Sampe
Sasando
Kecapi Gamelan
Kulintang
Serunai
Tifa
Angklung
Rebab

14. Ecosystem
Diversity in
Indonesia

15. Ecosystem Diversity
• Indonesia has a diversity of ecosystems consisting of natural ecosystems and
artificial ecosystems. This ecosystem includes the various forms and
arrangements of landscapes, land and water, in which living creatures or
organisms (plants, animals and microorganisms) interact and form links with their
physical environment. For example, in Indonesia, there are ecosystems of
grasslands, mosses to ice fields (nivals) at the peaks of the Jaya Wijaya Papua
mountains, tropical rain forests of Sumatra and Kalimantan, stretches of coral
reefs in Bunaken, seagrass meadow ecosystems in the Sunda Strait, and other
ecosystems.
• The diversity of Indonesian ecosystems is divided into 19 types of natural
ecosystems which are scattered in various regions from Sumatra to Papua. The 19
types of ecosystems are divided into 74 types of vegetation which are spread
over almost all bioregions in Indonesia (Kartawinata 2013). These variations
indicate that each ecosystem is rich in a rich number of flora and fauna species.

16. Grassland
ecosystem
Moss
ecosystem
Ice
desert
ecosystem
(nival)
Tropical
rainforest
ecosystem
Coral
Reef
Ecosystem
Seagrass ecosystem

17. Mangrove
Ecosystem Peat
Ecosystem

18. Biodiversity
in Indonesia

19. Biodiversity
di
Indonesia
• Indonesia as one of the Mega Biodiversity Countries in the world is blessed with
biodiversity and a level of endemism or a level of ecological uniqueness, and
organisms in a very high geographic structure which can be used as one of the
basic capital for sustainable development.
• Indonesia as a country that has a very high diversity of biodiversity, and is a
combination of the hearts of Asia and Australia (Australasia) and the meeting
area of the two continents.
• The division of bioregions in Indonesia is based on the bio-­‐geography of flora and
fauna implied by the existence of the Wallace line (Wallace 1860 and 1910), the
Webern line (Weber 1904), and the Lydekker line (1896). At first, Wallace's line
separated the geographical fauna (zoogeography) of Asia (Sunda Shelf) and
Australasia. Alfred Russell Wallace realized that there were differences in faunal
groupings between Borneo and Sulawesi and between Bali and Lombok. Then,
this line was confirmed by Antonio Pigafetta's theory, so that Wallace's line was
shifted eastward to become Weber's line (Weber 1902). The Lydekker line is a
biogeographic line drawn on the Sahul Shelf (Papua-­‐Australia) boundary which is
located in the eastern part of Indonesia(Hugh 1992).

24. Threats to
forestry in
Indonesia

25. Threats
to
forestry
in
Indonesia
• The biggest threat of extinction biodiversity, especially those that are
endemic in nature, is caused by the loss of the habitat for the bidiversity.
Habitat loss is primarily caused by:
• Habitat damage, whether due to natural disasters, forest fires, pollution
environment and climate change which results in the destruction of
biodiversity habitats
• Loss of habitat due to use of forest/biodiversity habitat for agricultural
land, mining, industry and settlements. An increase in population that is
not followed by strict supervision of spatial use results in the continued
opening of forests and biodiversity habitats, causing them to lose their
places to live or to be killed/killed because they are considered a nuisance.
• The killing of flora/fauna because of the value of the benefits contained
therein which is driven by irresponsible trade.

26. Forest
and
Land
Fires Illegal
logging

27. illegal
wildlife
trade

28. Natural
disasters
such
as
volcanic
eruptions,
landslides,
and
floods

29. Law Enforcement
for Forest and
Land Fires

30. LAW
ENFORCEMENT
INSTRUMENTS
FOR
FOREST
RELATED
CRIME

31. Law
Enforcement
of
Forest
and
Land
Fires
1. law enforcement for the prevention of forest and land fire is also carried
out by involving multi-stakeholders and cross investigation authorities
through various laws, supervised by investigators;
2. Efforts to permanently prevent forest and land fires are carried out
through both preemptive and preventive measures, and repressive
measures. Prevention instruments are carried out to increase the culture of
compliance of companies and individuals, and law enforcement
instruments to create a deterrent effect;
3. The sanctions were applied to concessionaires indicated having hotspots
within their area, companies that do not comply to forest and land fires
regulations, and companies whose concessions are burned.

32. Law
Enforcement
for
Forest
and
Land
Fire

33. Companies continue to have absolute responsibility or
strict liability as stipulated in the Environmental Law.
Proving the element of guilt of the plaintiff is no
necessary as long as the efforts and/or its activities
pose a serious threat to the environment.
Therefore, corporation must assume responsibility if a
fire occurs in their concession area, whether or not i
was intentional.
The principle of absolute responsibility has been
consistently applied to forest and land fires-related
cases recurring.

34. A
PICTURE
IS
WORTH

35. Law
Enforcement
for
Illegal
Logging
and
Unlicensed
Business
Law enforcement actions to reduce deforestationare focused on land fires,activities
without forestrylicense,and illegal logging. Preventive measures are taken by
developing a daily monitoringsystem,integratedpatrols,regular supervisionfor licensed
activities,and forest protectionand preventionoperations for illegal activities

36. Law
Enforcement
to
Prevent
Biodiveristy
Lost
- Strict law enforcement is carried out to deter perpetrators of
poaching and wildlife trafficking to preserve Indonesia’s
biodiversity. These efforts are carried out intensively,
especially in the sites those crimes take place, in ports, and in
the border areas.
- Preventive actions are carried out through routine patrols as
well as tracking and operation of illicit trade of protected wild
plants and animals.

37. The Indonesian government’s actions to
combat illegal wildlife trade online, include:
• the establishment of cyber patrol units under the Directorate General
of Law Enforcement of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry;
• collaboration with the Indonesian Association marketplace (e-
commerce);
• collaboration with the Ministry of Communications and Informatics
to take down accounts that trade illegally on wildlife;
• strengthening regulations and prohibition of illegal online purchasing
and selling of wildlife, as well as the imposition of punitive sanctions
according to laws and regulations

38. Land
Enforcement
for
forestry
related
crime
85%
80%
GENDER AGE INTERESTS
25-35
46-55
36-45
90 %
50 %
70 %
25-35
46-55
36-45
100 %
60 %
80 %

39. Fostering
innovation
in
Environment
and
Forestry
Law
Enforcement
through
Science
and
Technology
A Center of Intelligence for Environment and
Forestry Law Enforcement (the CoI) has been
established by the Ministry. The CoI is aimed at
accelerating decision making processes in combatting
environment and forestry crimes, notably
transboundary crime. The CoI harnesses, as well
develops, systems, tools, and infrastructure in
supporting law enforcement, including: cyber patrols
of social media and e-commerce platforms to unveil
illegal wildlife trade; the utilization of geospatial
technology to capture changes on the earth’s surface
in order to detect illegal activities in Forest and non-
Forest Areas; and the development and use of digital
forensic tools. These efforts have dramatically
enhanced the effectiveness of the work of combatting
transboundary environmental crime.
The Ministry of Environmentand Forestry received
TheAsia EnvironmentalEnforcement Awards 2019
from the United Nations EnvironmentProgramme
(UNEP). The ceremony was held on 13 November
2019 at the United Nations Conference Center in
Bangkok. Theaward was given as a recognition for the
Ministry’s excellence and leadership in enforcement of
national laws to combat transboundary environmental
crimes, and includes three categories: innovation,
integrity, and gender leadership, as follows:

40. The Ministry has been
maintaining its institutional
honor by upholding
integrity. Several corruption
and collusion cases
involving its personnel have
been identified and acted on.
There is no toleration of
violation of integrity,
especially if conducted by
law enforcement officers.
The Ministry has also actively promoted
gender-equal leadership by appointing
female officers in management positions and
by instituting policies/facilities that support
women in carrying out their functions,
including provision of lactation rooms.

41. 1. Prioritizingthe prevention of forest and land fires;
2. Increasingthe active participationof business actors in the fieldof agriculture,industrial
timber plantations and mining, with respect to their impact on forest and land fires;
3. More independent patrols and integratedpatrols,especiallyin fire prone provinces in
Indonesia
4. Increasingcommunityawareness of and participationin forest fire control,
through campaigns and publications,online media and social media, and collaborationwith
educational institutions,religiousgroups and social group
5. Encouraging Provincial/District/CityGovernments to allocate budgets for,
and optimize the use of DBH-DR (local shares of reforestationfund) for, faster
forest and land fire alert systems,so that forest and land fire control is more
optimal
6. Strengtheningthe capacity of Manggala Agni and enhancing the role of MPA as forest and
land firefighters
7. Increased technological capacityfor early warning and early detectionof forest and land fires
8. - More communityand civil society monitoringand online reportingat http://
sipongi.menlhk.go.idon the activitiesof business actors in the forestryand
plantationsector.
The
focus
of
forest
and
land
fire
control

42. One
of
the
cases
of
forestry
threats
in
the
Kerinci Seblat
National
Park

43. Forest protection in KSNP
Kerinci Seblat National Park
• One of the largest national parks in INA & SEA, with
1.389.509,87 Ha.
• As part of The Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra, became
WHS since 2004
• OUVs : High biodiversity value, Beautiful landscape,
Water catchment area of Sumatra, High potential
source of energy
• WHS in danger since 2011 due to
ü Road Construction
ü Mining
ü Illegal Logging
ü Encroachment
• :

44. Forest
Cover
Change
Non natural opened area (2020) = 9.30 % of total area,
mostly due to encroachment, converted by the locals
into farmland & plantation
However , the trend of forest loss is generally decreasing
fromyear to year.
Effort
:
• Ecosystem
recovery
&
Rehabilitation
programme
• Alternative
livelihood
programme
• Conservation
partnership
with
community
• Tenurial
conflict
resolution
• Patrol
&law
enforcement

45. Road Development proposed by
local grovernments/ community,
across KSNP, potentially disturb the
conservation area
Effort to protect the conservation
state of the area : Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA)
Road
Development
proposals
accross
KSNP
Existing
Conditiion
Recommendation
Canopy
bridge
Underpass
crossing
Animal
bridge

46. Key species population rate
Blok
Monitoring
Area
(ha)
Year
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Blok I 378 40 - - 5 15 - 9 -
Blok II 250 30 - - - - - - -
Blok III 1.594 20 - 18-24 - - - 10 -
Key species have been monitored regularly using
international standardized methodology (camera trap
survey method for Sumatran tigers;; dung counts & fecal
DNA for sumatran elephants).
Overall, these key species population in the property are
relatively stable.

47. Forest
Patrol
Efforts
(SMART
Patrol)
Total increase =
288.2 %
increase = 26.2 %/year
Total increase = 413.7 %
Increase= 37.6
%/year

48. Law
Enforcement
.
• Encroachment were the highest repeated illegal
activity recorded during patrols;; followed by poaching
and illegal logging.
• The overal increasing patrol effort correspondent with
the increasing number of illegal activities recorded
during patrols. The more patrols executed, the more
data about illegal activietes were collected, and will be
useful in further planning.
• Forest fire were kept at minimum.
• Poaching is the highest illegal activity processed by law
in KSNP, Most of the illegal cases processed by law,
resulted in guilty verdict with jail time and fine
punishment, ranged from 6 month to 4 years of jail
time and fine ranged from 10 million IDR to 250
million IDR

49. INDONESIA TEAM
DEWI
SRI
K
DirectoratJenderalof
Law
Enforcement
for
Environment
and
Forestry
–
Ministry
of
Environment
and
Forestry
of
RI
AGUNG
N
Department
of
the
Environment
of
West
Sumatra
Province
DIAH
S
Kerinci Seblat National
Park
–
Ministry
of
Environment
and
Forestry
of
RI

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THANK
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further
questions?
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email:
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