Compare And Contrast The Social, Political, And Economic...

Compare And Contrast The Social, Political, And Economic...
Environmental differences affected social, political, and economic institutions in the Delhi
Sultanate, the Swahili city–states, and Mali. Many of these differences helped the civilizations, but
some affected them badly. Mali had abundant rainfall and a very tropic climate which helped with
the fertile soil in the area for farming. Although there was also high mountain ranges and plateaus
that had cooler weather and shorter growing seasons. Malians adapted to this tropic climate by using
their positive environmental factors to outweigh their negatives. Although the mountainous regions
took space from farming areas, there was abundant wild food and fish that helped the Malian
civilization develop without farming, agriculture, or herding. ... Show more content on
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These ports and ships would have to be fixed every sea travel because although they used higher
value metals for their ships, most ships still couldn't without the strong tidal waves mostly because
this trading system occurred in 1200 C.E. Communication was also a big problem that people had to
adapt to, to participate in the Indian Ocean trading system. Miscommunication usually occurred
from the environment and weather. Messengers would be delayed because of the weather patterns
and environment. People that participated in the Indian Ocean trading system had to use more
durable wagons and once again, ships. Crops that were usually traded in the Indian Ocean trading
system were rice, wheat, millet, etc. These crops can grow in the Indian Ocean climate which is why
these crops are mostly traded in the Indian Ocean trading system. Civilizations and cities that used
the Indian Ocean trade system realized that conditions could be harsh. Sometimes goods and crops
could not be traded due to the environment which is why civilizations usually didn't only depend on
the Indian Ocean trading system.
4. Environmental factors changed the social and cultural beliefs and systems of various civilizations
in the Indian Ocean basin. Human civilizations adapt to many different environments in different
ways. Civilizations that live in or near the Indian Ocean basin receive abundant rainfall. The
civilizations that live in the Indian Ocean basin mobilize
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Why The Collapse Of Easter Island
Easter Island was once a lush tropical island with an abundance forestation. The early settlers
greatly exploited the natural resources cutting down the island's trees and giant palms in huge
numbers to build canoes to transport the giant stones statues found on the island. This exploitation
started and led to the environmental collapsed of Easter Island. The actions of the early settlers show
how the actions of humans and their greed can adversely cause the collapse of the natural
environment. In 400 A.D. a few settlers known as the Polynesians arrived and found they found a
lush pristine, tropical island with indigenous plants, lizards, many seabirds, a few insects and no
mammals (Easter Island. 2011). The population grew increasingly, first as families, religion ... Show
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Without conservation, there was no replenishing of resources hence civilization was reduced in large
numbers. As a result, the island was reduced to rambles. Humans depend on the environment and
the environment can be depleted if care is not taken to preserve it. This senseless use and abuse of
the recourses led to the collapse of Easter Island. A number of unfortunate happenings from the
world also adversely affected islanders. These events negatively impacted the lives of the islander
killing the majority of the population. The Whalers visited the island in search of food and water.
Unfortunately, these visitors were infected with the venereal disease that was transmitted to the
Rapa Nui. Additionally, the Peruvian slaves raided the island and violently abducted over 2,000
Rapa Nui to be transported to the South American slave trade. Regrettably, this even brought
smallpox to the island which resulted in an epidemic. As a result, the island's population was
reduced to only 111 Rapa Nui. Today, the writing is on the wall. Easter Island can be seen as a
microcosm of what

The Effect Of Plant Richness On The Insect Community
The purpose of this study was to compare the insects of the meadow with insects of the wooden
area. Hadded (2001) previously conducted an experiment on the effect of plant richness on the
insect community in the meadows. He found that three type of results were present; some created
abundance, some were unaffected and some had a positive effect on the plant's richness. It was
found that insects do contribute to its community and help with the growth of its habitat. The habitat
in the meadow area has different insects than the wooden area, due to the different type of grass,
temperature, water availability and more. To examine the species that live in the area, many different
type of experiments had to be conducted.
Different areas affect the species and insects that reside there. As an example, butterflies are affected
by their habitat and landscape area. Liivmagi (2014) examined how much area butterflies needed
and compared the positive and negative impacts of each area. Their expectation was different than
reality, even though there was a positive interaction between the butterflies and the space of the
forest, the meadow that's surrounding the area is negatively impacted by the butterflies. Their results
were to conduct the experiment and examine what the butterflies' needs and what area will they be
better suited.
The meadow area that was examined had tall grasses all the way down the hill, as for the wooden
area, it was surrounded by trees that block the sun and is

Effects Of Climate On Small Scale Farmers
Chapter 3
Literature Review
Introduction
This literature review seeks to highlight some of the effects that the change in climate has on small–
scale farmers along with the strategies that they have employed to mitigate these impacts.
Overview of the Global context in the change of Climate
The change in climate refers to the alteration in the condition of climate that is easily identifiable
through the use of statistical tests through alterations in variability and/or mean of its properties and
exists for a much longer period, in most cases decades It can also be described as change in climate
that takes place over time, whether it is as a result of human activity or natural variability. For
instance, in (1995–2006) the eleven years were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The process of systematic observations of climate is normally carried out in national centres of
metrology and other specialized centres. The observations are taken at standard pre–set places and
time and monitor terrestrial, atmosphere and ocean systems. The variables of the major climate
include; tropical cyclones, temperature, temperature of the sea surface, rise in sea level, tropical
cyclones and wind speeds. A report by GCM suggests that the mean annual temperature for Jamaica
will increase from 1.1 to 3.2 degrees by 2090. The report also suggests that the increase in range is
1.0 to 3.0 by 2080 and 0.7 to 1.8 by 2050. Likewise, the range in the projected rainfall by 2050 will
be –44% to + 18% and –55% to +18% by 2080. The September / November rainfall (late wet
season) and July/August (early wet season) have impacted strongly on the general yearly rainfall.
The rainfall extreme projections are mixed across the joint. The range of changes by 2080 will be
between –19 and +20 for rainfall proportion falling during heavy events and –29mm to +25 in a five
day maximum rainfall .
Precipitation patterns and temperature alterations will lead to decrease in crop produce in most sub–
tropical and tropical regions thus impacting negatively on sectors of Agriculture . Consequently, its
effect will cause hunger in developing countries. In the last decade, there has been damage as a
result of severe climatic conditions

Essay on Food Security in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Script for Geography
Good morning/afternoon
Today I will talk about food security in the Democratic Republic of Congo. DR Congo is an African
country that consists of over 2,300,000 square kilometres (Central Intelligence Agency (US), 2013).
The population in DR Congo is around seventy–five and a half million people with an average life
expectancy of 56 years, a lot shorter than Australians (Central Intelligence Agency (US), 2013). The
religion consists of Roman Catholic, Protestant and Muslims plus some other smaller religions
(Central Intelligence Agency (US), 2013). The capital city is called Kinshasa, with other large cities
called Lubumbashi, Mbuji–Mayi and Kananga (Central Intelligence Agency (US), 2013). The
Democratic Republic of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In DR Congo there are two main agriculture regions, Plains of the east and the south and the eastern
highlands (The Washington Post Company, 2001). In the plains coffee beans, potatoes and leeks are
grown, while in the highlands tomatoes, sweet potatoes, yum and pumpkins are grow as the
temperatures are cool and there is more fertile soil (The Washington Post Company, 2001). DR
Congo is ranked 107th (the worst) in the world (Global Food Security Index, 2013). This ranking is
produced by the lack of food affordability, food availability and more importantly the quality and
safety of the food (Global Food Security Index, 2013). Every country, whether it's DR Congo or
America, have some strengths when it comes to food security. For DR Congo their strengths are
agricultural import tariffs (affordability), Volatility of agriculture production (availability), and
nutritional standards (quality and safety of food), just to name some (Global Food Security Index,
2013).
Some challenges that DR Congo face, in terms of food security, can be put in three sections as stated
before (Global Food Security Index, 2013). In the affordability section they have problems with
access to financing for farmers, Food consumption and the proportion of the population that are
under the poverty line (Global Food Security Index, 2013). In the next section, availability of food,
they have problems with corruption, agricultural infrastructure and

The Causes Of Deforestation In Nigeria
Deforestation is commonly known as the removal of trees or forests from an area which is
transformed into a non–forested area. The most concentrated deforestation occurs in tropical
rainforests. According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Nigeria's land covered by
forests shrank from 14.4 percent to 9.9 percent between 2000–2011 (FAO Country Programming
Framework (CPF), 2013–2017). Furthermore, Global Watch Forest reported that Nigeria lost a total
of 567,371 hectares of the forested area out of 10,048,732 hectares as of 2016. According to the
U.N. FAO, only 9.9% or about 9,041,000 ha of Nigeria is forested. Between 2000 and 2005, Nigeria
lost 55.7% of its primary forests, and the rate of forest change increased by 31.2% to 3.12% per
annum (Ogundele & Adebisi, 2016). There are several causes of deforestation in Nigeria but this
paper will discuss some major ones, followed by their overall impacts. Furthermore, this paper will
also attempt to discuss some solutions and recommendations to combat deforestation in Nigeria.
Causes of deforestation: There is no doubt in claiming that human beings have immensely
contributed to the causes of deforestation in Nigeria. It can be argued that if it were not for human
activities, forests would have been more intact than the current situation of the country's forest loss
rate. Demand for agricultural land, timber, and other forest products significantly affects the rate and
mode of transformation of forested areas.

Climate Change And Agriculture On Indi Impacts And...
CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURE IN INDIA: IMPACTS AND ADAPTATION FOR
SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
Anupam Kumar Singh
Department of African Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi (India).
1. Introduction
India with its area of 3.28 million sq. km accounts for 2.4% of the world's land surface area and
stands as the seventh largest country in the world. India is second most populous country in the
world with above 1.3 billion which containing 17.5% of world population. The size and population
of India has endowed her with excessive physical as well as economic diversity. More than 50% of
rural population in India depend upon agriculture and allied activities for their livelihood.
Agriculture, along with fisheries and forestry, contributes 16.11 % to the Indian Gross Domestic
Product (GDP). Therefore India has concern about climate change issues because of its large
population who depends upon climate sensitive activity like agriculture for their livelihood, water
storage in the Himalayan glaciers which are the source of major rivers and groundwater recharge.
Possible changes in temperature, precipitation and CO2 concentration are expected to significantly
impact crop growth and agricultural productivity.
2. Objectives and Methodology
This paper provides a synthesis of available information, consider major knowledge gaps and find
research that useful for farmers, communities, indigenous peoples and academics. Secondly,
promotes awareness of climate change and

What Is The Theme Of The Palm Wine Drunkard
"The Palm–wine Drinkard" is a short story that follows a man whose life was centered on the
drinking of palm wine and with the help of his palm wine tapster, he could drink as much as he
wanted together with his friends. His tapster finally dies after falling from a tall palm tree whilst
tapping palm wine.The man who is referred to as the "palm wine drunkard" buries the body of his
tapster and embarks on a very long journey to find him in the land of the dead, which reveals
various supernatural encounters throughout his journey. Although the author masterfully uses
magical realism, personification, simile and irony to vividly tell the story of the drunkard, the
improper poor use of proper grammar surprisingly made the text more understandable to read.
The setting of this story is not clearly disclosed but from the author's choice of words like the use of
"juju", "traveling from bushes to bushes" and "native blacksmiths", there is a clear depiction of a
typical African village setting. In the story, the author seeks to create a picture of a world of
traditional mythologies in the mind of the reader, where human beings easily mingle with beings
from the spiritual world. The author also presents a world where ... Show more content on
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The point within the story where the drunkard turned into a bird, death commanding the strings of a
drum to tie the drunkard and also the Drinkard commanding the ropes of yam to tie him whilst the
yam stakes beat him picture the use of magical realism within the text. Also, the fact that the
drunkard claimed he was the "Father of the gods" who could do everything in this world and yet
still, he spent all his time consulting various characters where he could find his dead tapster creates
some irony at this point. But at a point in the story, there is also evidence that he is indeed the
"Father of the gods "since he was able to capture death and turn into a bird at a

The Impact Of Tourism On The Economy Of Australia
Choose any ONE industry in Australia from this list and discuss the reforms been done in that
industry.
Study of Agriculture and Tourism Industry in Australia
Introduction:
Agriculture and tourism plays a vital role in the economy of Australia. Both of this wide spreading
industries are intertwined amongst oneself both playing major role for one another. When tourism
becomes established in agrarian economy, a common perception is that tourism will drive out
agriculture. However such result is not pre–ordained. While tourism may increase the costs of
agricultural production, the land owners and laborers benefit from increased resource values, wages
and an improved infrastructure. Tourists and tourism induced improvements in marketing system
encourages the production of non–traditional, high value agricultural commodities. Tourism also
stimulates landscaping and a host of agriculture–based service enterprises, bringing about profound
positive changes that offset decrease in traditional agriculture.
Tourism is transforming not destroying agriculture. Different tourist areas have managed resource
conflicts and allow evaluation of management policies. There must be consideration in encouraging
co–operation between the industries. Agriculture can also learn to take advantage of new improved
markets tourism creates. Greater integration of agriculture and tourism will reduce leakage of
tourism dollars from the local economy and expand export earnings.
Body:
The tourism industry

What Is Mexico Agriculture?
In Mexico agriculture is really important it is the main economic system for them to make money. In
Mexico they grow many crops such as corn, sugarcane, sorghum, wheat, tomatoes, bananas, chili
peppers, oranges, lemons, limes, mangos, other tropical fruits, beans, barley, avocados, blue agave,
wheat and coffee. Agriculture employs 23% of all workers in mexico. That is a lot of workers. The
Mexican agricultural program feeds most of the Mexican population so it is really impotent to keep
it running. To produce this much food in a desert climate is hard so the farmers use a tactic called
irrigation which is "the supply of water to land or crops to help growth, typically by means of
channels." (merriam webster) When Mexico produces enough crops

Cocoa Production in Ghana: A Mechanism for Biodiversity...
Introduction
When it comes to intensive farming systems, many rural farmers face a trade–off between
agricultural production and biodiversity . In order to protect the biodiversity, farmers must sacrifice
agricultural production. Hence, the challenge is to continuously expand food production while
bearing no negative effects on biodiversity. These negative effects widely include deforestation,
disrupting ecosystem integrity and species viability. In light of these issues, better farming
technologies and natural resource management practices along with improved agricultural policies
are required. This brings up the question of how to protect wild species and conserve habitat while
increasing agricultural production and farmer's incomes? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Cocoa agroforests in particular, can create forest–like habitats, harboring tropical biodiversity in
degrading lands . It is claimed that to date, biological diversity in cocoa production has been poorly
studied, especially in the context of ecoagriculture, which is referred to as "land–use systems
managed for both agricultural production and wild biodiversity conservation" . Ecoagriculture can
be considered the future of landscape management as it helps to preserve species and increase the
productivity of the land while enabling the rural poor.
The cocoa sector in Ghana provides livelihoods for over 700,000 farmers in the country . Since
1990s, world cocoa prices have steadily increased (with the exception of 1998 – 2000 and 2003 –
2006) . Hence, the steady increase in prices combined with farmers being paid a higher share of the
price, has offered farmers increasing real producer prices. Even so, the ongoing environmental
impact of existing farming practices may affect rural livelihoods. Trees have been cut down in large
numbers to accommodate the open–field hybrid variety of coca, which grows in full sun conditions .
According to Kolavalli and Vigneri (2010), "the damage to cocoa trees from capsid attacks tends to
be higher for cocoa trees growing in full sun than for those in shaded systems" . Hence, the best
possible environmental alternative to the

Agriculture in the Himalayas of Nepal Essay
Agriculture in the Himalayas of Nepal
According to some estimates, as much as 90% of Nepal's population relies on agriculture for its
sustenance.[1] The significant climactic variations between Nepal's sub–tropical Terai region, hills
region, and Himalayan mountain region lead to a variety of different agricultural models. Within the
northern Himalayan region, additional variations in agricultural style exist because of changes in the
qualities of available soil and quantities of moisture at different altitudes. Some researchers remark
that it is even possible to anticipate the ethnicity of a group in a rural Himalayan village by glancing
at an altimeter, as the traditional lifestyles maintained by the Nepali–speaking caste Hindus ... Show
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As they rely heavily on their crops to sustain themselves, they tend to remain in areas where
agriculture can continue throughout the year.
In midland mountainous regions from 2,500 to 3,200 meters above sea level, sub–Tibetan groups (or
groups of Tibetan ethnicity and culture) grow one crop of wheat or barley per winter and one crop of
buckwheat during the summer. The climate in this region is cool and dry, and the dry–field
agriculture used requires less labor than rice cultivation. This allows them to raise cattle, water
buffalo and goats to supplement their diet.[4]At even higher altitudes, where low levels of moisture
permit only a single crop of wheat or barley, yak, which are well suited for high altitudes, become a
major component of the lifestyle.[5] In the northern areas of Nepal, Tibetan pastoralists travel to
altitudes reaching up to 5,200 meters as they seek out pasture for their animals during the summer
monsoon season, although few permanent habitations can be found above 4,000 meters. Where
possible, these groups make up for shortages in grain and other goods by trading wool, butter, meat,
and draught animals. They may also hunt, fish, and forage for wild plants, although habitat
destruction from deforestation has caused a decline in the availability of game and fish resources in
much of Nepal, making it increasingly difficult to rely on these assets for food.[6]
Unlike many third–world countries, no strong landowning

Environmental Constraints In The Food Security Of Ethiopia
Food Security of Ethiopia
Ethiopia is a country located in east central Africa. Its area is approximately 1.1 million square
kilometres, with a population of around 102 million (2016). Ethiopia's capitol, Addis Baba is located
at 8.9806° N, 38.7578° E. Addis Baba is situated in central Ethiopia, it is approximately 2464
kilometres south south East of Cairo the capitol of Egypt. The country is bordered by 6 other
countries;
– Sudan
– South Sudan
– Eritrea
– Djibouti
– Kenya
– Somalia
Ethiopia does not have a coast line it is a land locked country.
Agriculture is a major industry in Ethiopia's economy. It accounts for 80% of employment, 50% of
gross domestic product and 84% of Ethiopia's Exports. The main agricultural products that get ...
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Ethiopia is plagued by constant drought, robbing canals communities and most importantly crops of
their water. Thus, making water very valuable and precious to remote farming communities. Second
to drought is soil degradation and erosion. This is caused through the overgrazing of livestock,
deforestation, lack of rest and poor farming practices. Soil lacking nutrients make plants hard to
grow and are essential to maintaining a healthy crop. In addition, the loss of wild biodiversity, the
loss of food crop genetic diversity and climate change are all factors in contributing to
environmental constraints in the food security of Ethiopia. The lack of water in canals and rivers due
to drought causes strife all through out Ethiopia as water is vital to grow crops. Farmers further up
the canal or rivers over use the water leaving next to no water for farmes further down the canal/
river. Contamination of soil and already rare water makes things even worse, increasing crop failure.
The emergence of new pests and diseases among crops is not an uncommon thing throughout
Ethiopia. However, the pesticides used to protect crops are having side on affects with the natural
wildlife of Ethipoia. Many authentic species are dying through the use of pesticides.
There are numerous constraints that affect the development of crops grown in Ethiopia that are not
environmental. Many of which come down to the farmers and their poor farming practises. Conflict
arises between

Passion In Ozarks Farm And Neighbor
Passion.
Passion has many definitions in the dictionary, most of which address emotion or strong feelings of
desire. Another meaning is an intense driving or overmastering feeling or conviction.
Since I came to Ozarks Farm & Neighbor, I have had the privilege to meet countless people who
share a passion for agriculture and farming. Some are new to farming and/or livestock production,
while others have been immersed in agriculture their whole lives. No matter how they came to be
involved in agriculture, it has become their passion.
On a farm visit a while back, a first–generation livestock producer shared a conversation with me he
had with another new farmer. The men were discussing how farming was much harder, mentally and
physically, then they ever imagined, and how they weren't going to get rich ... Show more content on
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An organic or non–GMO producer is passionate about getting a high–quality product to their
customers without the use of certain medications, chemicals or feeds. A conventional producer is
also passionate about producing a high–quality product, but he/she use a herbicide or pesticides,
offer grain to their livestock and give a shot of antibiotic when needed. Both producers have the
same goal, just a different approach and their own unique tools to obtain that goal. Is one producer's
way of doing things wrong and another's right? Are the passions of the producers any different?
It's unfortunate, but I see more and more debate among those involved in production agriculture
about which is "the best" practice. It's kind of like fighting over which is the best tractor; is there
really a viable reason to argue? If you're happy with one color and how it works for you and your
operation, and your neighbor has a different colored tractor and it works well for their operation, is
there really reason to disagree about which is the best? It call comes down to individual

Virgin Island Fertilizer Essay
St. Croix's Complicated Potential for Sustainable Island Agriculture
History and culture as obstacles to a sustainable local food economy.
Located in the Caribbean Sea, Saint Croix has a sub–tropical island climate and is the largest of the
U.S. Virgin Island(USVI) territories with the greatest percentage of arable land. Little seasonal
temperature variability, low humidity, and a year–round growing season has historically offered the
island significant advantages for agricultural development and production. Even with seasonal
rainfall and periods of drought, the island is extremely capable of supporting a wide array of tropical
fruits. These include coconuts, mangos, papayas, guavas, passion fruits, soursop, mamey apples,
sugar apples, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Croix and the other U.S. Virgin Islands, but it is undoubtedly hard, dirty, tiresome work that often
fails to reap the appreciation and acknowledgement it truly deserves. Though it can be a profitable
and rewarding venture, it remains truly a labor intensive practice that requires a highly motivated,
consistent, and environmentally sensitive workforce. Many of the most prized jobs on the islands are
now working for businesses outside of agriculture, such as hotels, inns, resorts, eco–tourism
adventure enterprises, and food service industries. Those fortunate enough to make it to the
university often end up leaving to seek superior career or job growth opportunities available to them
only on the

Deforestation In Latin America Essay
Deforestation is defined as: "the clearing of virgin forests, or intentional destruction or removal of
trees and other vegetation for agricultural, commercial, housing, or firewood use without replanting
and without allowing time for the forest to regenerate itself" (SCRIBD). Deforestation has been a
problem in Latin America since the early 1900s and the severity of the dilemma is increasing
rapidly. Deforestation not only has consequences for the environment, but also, the indigenous
people and the national economy. The logging industry in Latin America is often exploited by
multinational companies that are not properly regulated. The land that has provided a home and
cultivated indigenous development for centuries is being dissipated rapidly. Due to an exponentially
growing global population, there is an increased demand for low priced goods––like timber, crops,
and meat. Many Latin American countries value revenue from selling these goods over the health of
their local ecosystems. The crisis of deforestation and habitat loss is shifting from a local to global
problem. As deforestation continues, global warming escalates worldwide, impacting every country
and person. About 15 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions come from tropical deforestation,
which is more than from all the world's cars, trucks and buses combined (Schwartzman). Puerto
Rico and Brazil provide contrasting examples of the impact of deforestation. Puerto Rico had an
economic and environmental shift

Agriculture and Wiley Essay
Week 4 worksheet
ENV/100
August 16, 2013
Tiffany Alvarez
Week 4 worksheet
How do minerals affect society?
Minerals can affect society in many ways for example; Surface mining destroys vegetation across
large areas, increasing erosion. Open–pit mining uses huge quantities of water. Acid mine drainage
is pollution caused when dissolved toxic materials wash from mines into nearby lakes and streams.
Minerals is approximately 80 percent of mined ore consists of impurities that become wastes after
processing. These wastes, called tailings, are usually left in giant piles on the ground or in ponds
near the processing plants (Figure 12.9). The tailings contain toxic materials such as cyanide,
mercury, and sulfuric acid. Left ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Vast numbers and kinds of organisms, mainly microorganisms, inhabit soil and depend on it for
shelter, food, and water. Plants anchor themselves in soil, and from it they receive essential minerals
and water. Terrestrial plants could not survive without soil, and because we depend on plants for our
food, humans could not exist without soil either (Wiley, 2013).
What types of organisms are found in soil? Determine the relationship between soil and organisms.
Soil organisms carry out nutrient cycling, the pathway of nutrient minerals or elements from the
environment through organisms and back to the environment.
What is soil erosion? How can soil become polluted? What effect does soil erosion and pollution
have on the environment?
Soil organisms provide ecosystem services such as maintaining soil fertility and preventing soil
erosion. Water, wind, ice, and other agents cause soil erosion, the wearing away or removal of soil
from the land. Soil erosion reduces fertility because essential minerals and organic matter are
removed. Erosion causes sediments and pesticide and fertilizer residues to pollute nearby waterways
( Wiley, 2009).
What is the purpose of soil reclamation?
To undertake soil reclamation, erosion protection, Site restoration and reinstatement, taking into
account natural processes, operational requirements and technical feasibility, to

The Impact of Agricultural Subsidies Essay
The Impact of Agricultural Subsidies The Impact of Agricultural Subsidies Many countries started to
negotiate Doha Development Agenda under the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001. In July
2004, members in WTO reached agreement to make a reform in agriculture. One of focused things
is to cut agricultural subsidies both in developed countries and developing countries. In recent
several years, millions of people from both developed and developing countries give in response to
eliminate agricultural subsidies. Agricultural subsidies should be eliminated because they distort free
trade, damage the local environment. The meaning of agricultural subsidies "Agricultural subsidies,
financial assistance to farmers through ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Cahill, C., & Legg, W., 1989 p. 17) Through the formulas people could easily get the PSEs.
The PSEs in most developed countries are positive. However, in most developing countries the
PSEs could be negative. Form Table 1 it shows the extent of agricultural subsidies in some
developed countries. The impact of agricultural subsidies Although agricultural subsidies contribute
to stabilize the prices of farm products and increase income of farmers, they also distort free trade
and damage the local environment. Trade: Domestic market Agricultural subsidies have a great
impact on domestic market. There is an example about the challenges in Quebec to show how
agricultural subsidies distort the domestic market. There are two main problems in Quebec in recent
years. "Many farmers are unable to cover their expenses and many are becoming increasingly
dependent on government subsidies" (Minardi, J. 2008 p .7). In Quebec, government through giving
farmers agricultural subsidies executes supply management to make a quota system to let domestic
products more competitive. Not only supply management, but also high tariff makes food from other
countries cannot come into Quebec's market. Therefore the local food prices are extreme high.
However, there are many low–income households, which they use most of their money on food.
They

Application Of Genetic Engineering On The World
Application of Genetic Engineering on Taro
Adam Mohamed 10/23/2015
Introduction The field of genetic engineering is very promising, pertaining to the future of
agriculture around the world. Research in this area is allowing for more and more improvements to
the various aspects of a crop such as yield, visual quality, taste, nutritional value, disease immunity,
and cold resistance, as well as many other benefits. A further understanding of both the genetics of
crops and how to influence the characteristics listed above will support the lives of many, protect
biodiversity, create many new jobs due to the ability to farm crops in new areas, and other
possibilities. The Cocoyam, also known as Taro, is a tropical plant belonging to ... Show more
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Adam Mohamed Application of Genetic Engineering on Taro
Literature Review The article Genetic Engineering to Improve Quality, Productivity and Value of
Crops by Abhaya Dandekar provides information on the various benefits that genetic engineering
allows for in a plant. Regarding nutritional benefits, genes that concern the production of healthy
amino acids, oils, and other substances can be edited, removed, or introduced to increase the
abundance of these helpful substances, allowing for generally healthier crops. Studies on the popular
plant Arabidopsis thaliana have revealed much about influencing when a plant will begin to flower.
This research is valuable in that it permits a better understanding of how to control the length of the
period of time between the growing stage of a plant, and the flowering stage (when it can be
harvested). In crops such as cabbage, the flowering stage can be stopped altogether, letting the
leaves themselves be harvested, instead of having the plant die after flowering. Influencing the heat
or cold resistance of a plant could allow for the crop to grow in temperatures that it normally
wouldn't be able to, such as having genetically modified bananas manage to grow in a

Effects Of Sahel Desertification
The desertification of Sahel is causing devastating environmental issue in Africa. Desertification is
the process of how fertile land becomes desert. This is usually cause by drought, deforestation, or
poor agriculture planning. If it is overgrazed fields, or even the increase of wood needed to burn,
human interaction has helped advance the expansion of desertification.
The area currently surrounding Khartoum, Sudan was once covered in small forests, but because of
the increasing need for farm land and wood fuel, the forest has become another victim of
desertification. The tropical rain forest on the border of Sahel, is also being slowly affected by
desertification. In addition, the increasing amount of irrigation systems and drilling are changing

Salinity In Australia
Salinity Research Assignment
Salinity is the process of salt rising to the surface and killing plants and agriculture. Salt comes up to
the surface when there are no trees to absorb rain water so the water level rises which makes salt go
to the surface. Salinity has become a rising problem now more than ever because of the increase of
land clearing, the rise in salinity degrades the soils condition and makes the soil unsuitable for crop
growing. Australia's agriculture industry uses approximately $48 billion in food production and $32
billion in food exports so salinity has a large impact on the amount of food that can be produced and
exported.
The biomes map shows the different biomes in Australia while the agriculture map shows the
different sections that are used for farming, animal grazing and sections that are left empty. The
agriculture is heavily dependent on the biome it is in because it provides the necessary requirements.
For example, wheat farming and cattle grazing is in the temperate biome because it has plenty of
water and a moderate temperature. Sheep grazing is in the grassland area, cattle breeding is in the
tropical and subtropical area, and the desert is left bare because it cannot provide anything to
agriculture. Therefore, agriculture depends on the biomes to flourish.
Salinity has become an unhelpful factor in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Biomes and salinity are connected because salt ruins the biome. Agriculture is responsible for
salinity because land clearing and over irrigation affect the soil which results in the rise of ground
water which deposits salt into the soil. Biomes that are affected by salt are reversible but it requires a
drainage source to wash away the salt, this wastes water since the salinity is so

Research Paper About Uganda
Uganda's main success is from their soil conditions and the climate. Most of Uganda receives plenty
amounts of rain all year round. In some years the southeast and southwest areas have more than 150
millilitres every month. In the northern areas, there is often a dry season in December and January.
The temperatures vary degrees above or below 20°C with differences in altitude.
Map, Site And Situation
1.3733° N, 32.2903° E
Agriculture
Uganda's main food crops have been plantains, cassava, sweet potatoes, millet, sorghum, corn,
beans, and groundnuts. The best selling crops in Uganda have been coffee, cotton, tea, and tobacco,
in the 1980s many of the farmers sold food crops to short–term expenses
Biome
Uganda lies at the meeting place of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The country is mostly made up of plateau with a rim of mountains. The climate is tropical and rainy
with two dry seasons. Uganda is positioned in the northeast.
Elevation
The southern part of Uganda includes a portion of Lake Victoria, which shares with Kenya and
Tanzania. Uganda is located on the East African plates, averaging 1,100 meters (3,609 ft) above sea
level.
Food Security
Uganda as significant economic progress over the past decades. GDP growth has increased
significantly from 6.5% every year. In the 1990s to over 7 percent every year in the 2000s. Global
economic continue to grow by 4.3% every year. With per capita income of $490 in 2010, Uganda
also still remains a poor country.
Vegetation
Savanna Vegetation covers the large part of Uganda, East Africa and Most of Africa. The savanna

consists of many grasslands such as bushes, and woodland. In the dry savanna area the grass and
trees have short leaves.
References
Google n.d., Map of Uganda, Road Map, accessed 12 September 2016, .
Wikipedia n.d., Agriculture in Uganda, accessed 12 September 2016, .
WCS Uganda n.d., accessed 12 September 2016,

The Geographic Landscape Of The African Continent
When it comes to discussing the geographic landscape of the African continent people are quick to
overlook the important role that soil has played in the development of cultures and civilizations in
Africa because it can be so easily overshadowed by Africa's other geographic features such as its
rivers, mountains, deserts and grasslands. However, to ignore soil is undoubtedly a mistake because
"African soils cannot be separated from African history" (Showers 118). Soils are literally the
foundation of life, used for farming, building houses, making pottery, and mined for their mineral
deposits. They are "in themselves, historical bodies and they have interacted with human history
since its beginning." (Showers 118). While looking for information on the soil of Africa it is not
uncommon to find descriptions such as "African soils are indeed poor" (Bohannan 23) while being
presented with the seemingly paradoxical fact that "By far the greatest number of Africans are
farmers." (Bohannan 43). This paper will examine how it is possible for Africa to be a continent
consisting of such "poor soil" yet be full of such a rich history of farming that persists into present
day. It will explore the general characteristics of African soil, how humans have historically
interacted with soil, and the way that outsiders have used generalizations about Africa's soil to
perpetuate Western misconceptions.
When attempting to gain insight into the general characteristics of African soil it is

Impacts Of Anthropogenic Activities And Land Use Changes...
Impacts on the forests are increasing as a result of the fantastic growth of human populations and the
global spread of pollutants leading to loss of biodiversity which is one of the most severe threats to
sustainability.
Land use changes have transformed land cover to farmlands, grazing lands, human settlements and
urban centers at the expense of natural vegetation particularly in West Africa. These changes are
associated with deforestation, biodiversity loss and land degradation. The relationships between land
use and biodiversity are fundamental to understanding the links between people and their
environment
The aim of this work is to provide a holistic view of the impacts of anthropogenic activities and land
use changes on biodiversity conservation by synthesizing works and facts across a range of different
related research works.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Biodiversity is the variety of life on Earth. It includes diversity at the genetic level, such as that
between individuals in a population or between plant varieties, the diversity of species, and the
diversity of ecosystems and habitats. (Assefa et al.,2007 )
Biodiversity provides the basis for ecosystems and the services they provide, upon which all people
fundamentally depend. People rely on biodiversity in their daily lives, often without realizing it.
Biodiversity has evolved over the last 3.8 billion years or so of the planet's approximately 5 billion–
year history. Although five major extinction events have

Agriculture In The Mayan Civilization
The imbalancing between the Mayan population and the effective magnitude of their agriculture
suggest the situation of the Mayan people in the availability to their long term survival. The Mayans
showed increasement in their population expeditiously which resulted in higher demand for food for
the people to consume. Consequently, in order for the Mayans to manage the increasing population,
the Mayans turned to use their accessible land over to cultivation. (Drew 139) With this in mind, the
author, David Drew, asked an intrigued question of how much food the land could produced for the
Mayans? (138) By all means, the question David Drew issued, could not be possible to thoroughly
answer, because of the finite evidence and data of the Mayan population ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Given that, the Mayan regions displayed a different variety of soil fertility and localized weather
patterns that affected the circumstances for agriculture to many different portions of areas around
the southern regions of Mesoamerica. (139) In fact, farmers, who currently cultivate as the similar
system the Mayans practiced and lives in parts of ancient southern regions of Mesoamerica,
announced that soils in the area will naturally diminish over the years in productivity, fertility, and
crop yields. (139) With the attention of the growing Mayan population, the Mayan people were in
need of retaining the food demand of the Mayan population by cultivating in the remaining lands
near their regions that are enriched in soil. With this in mind to the naturally constant changing of
the soils, the Mayans enforced to cut down the time of fallow for their fields which eventually be in
high risk strategy in resulting in a cultivation catastrophe for temporary ends. (139) Altogether, the
Mayan population and the effectiveness of their agriculture may determine the situation for the
Mayan people to their long term

Causes Of Industrialized Farming
Why Industrialized Farming Is a Bigger Problem Than We Think When we think about the man–
made causes of climate change, we usually think of gas–guzzling cars, factories with smoke stacks,
oil spills, etc. However, many times we ignore one of the biggest causes of pollution and global
warming, industrial farming. Although many might disagree, industrial farming should be reduced;
whether it be through raising taxes on the production of meat, or shifting western diets away from
animal products. The reason to reduce industrial farming is because it causes: Water and ground
pollution, deforestation, higher levels of greenhouse gas emissions, water scarcity. Industrialized
livestock farming, specifically that of beef, has been proven to cause water and ground pollution.
One of the main forms of pollution is the surplus of NH3 and N2O emissions from livestock manure
seeping into the ground. These result from the usage of manure, the application of mineral fertilizer,
indirect emissions from crop residues, and emissions from grazing (Westhoek et al. sec. 2.6; Foley et
al. 338). This happens especially in countries with intensified agriculture, such as: China, Northern
India, the USA, and Western Europe; these countries, which represent 10% of the world's
agricultural land, are responsible for 32% of the global nitrogen surplus, and 40% of the
phosphorous surplus (Foley et al. 340). This causes the deterioration of topsoil, forcing farmers to
relocate to fertile land and repeat

A Look Into Some Causes, Effects, And Possible Solutions...
Ameera Jafrey
Professor Syvates
ENST 150
September 22, 2014
A Look into Some Causes, Effects, and Possible Solutions of Deforestation in the Global
Environment
I. Introduction With society's demand and need for the earth's resources, deforestation has long been
a prevalent environmental issue at hand and has picked up significant momentum more recently.
Deforestation occurs around the world, however, according to GRID–Arendal, it is most prevalent
in areas with tropical rainforests such as Brazil, Indonesia, Thailand, the Democratic Republic of
Congo and other parts of Africa, and parts of Eastern Europe (Szalay 1). For a number of reasons,
trees are being cleared at massive levels resulting in poor quality land and have created negative
effects and impacts on the global environment. Since deforestation is caused by both human and
natural factors such as wildfires and overgrazing, it is difficult to completely pinpoint one cause
("Deforestation" 1). However, researching and looking at which causes are most impactful can help
deduce possible solutions to help prevent unnecessary and excessive tree clearing. It is important to
look into solutions to help prevent deforestation because it is negatively impacting the world's
environment and making it difficult for certain animals, such as birds, and even humans to maintain
their standard of living and their quality of life. And so, in an attempt to delve a bit deeper with
regards to deforestation, this paper will

The Impact of Soil Erosion and Land Degradation in Ethiopia
Introduction
African soils are extremely poor by nature, they consist of low organic matter as well as all major
nutrients. Sub–Saharan Africa does not produce enough food to support their countries even in years
of good harvest. Land degradation is exhibited as deforestation, decreasing biodiversity resources,
soil moisture stress as well as soil erosion.
The following report will be assessing the socio–economic as well as the environmental impacts of
soil erosion and land degradation impacts in the Ethopian Highlands of Tigray. The severe land
degradation is a result of the soil erosion as well as the nutrient depletion. Throughout the past years
soil and water conservation techniques have been comprehensively introduced. The prolonged use
of these resources was not as anticipated.
The poor performance of agriculture in many low income countries is due to the deterioration of the
natural resource base. The major problem which limiting the development of the agricultural sector
is the land degradation which is caused by soil erosion as well as nutrient depletion. This is an
enormously serious problem especially in the tropical steep lands where rain fed agriculture
comprises the major livelihoods of the people. A number of these countries have numerous soil and
water conservation programs which have tried to mitigate the land degradation problem but have
done so unsuccessfully.
In Ethiopia agriculture comprises the biggest share of the national economy; it contributes

A Major Measure Of Biological Fitness
A major measure of biological fitness in a population is the fecundity, or reproductive success rate,
of female organisms (Berger et al, 2008). For insects in particular many factors influence the
number of eggs produced during the lifetime of a female. One key factor in insect reproduction is
the ambient environmental temperature. Insects are ectothermic and therefore rely on their
environment to provide the heat needed to carry out normal reproductive functions. Ambient heat
dependence for insects has been thought to have a greater effect on fertility success than other
contributing factors such as increased female body size. Studies by Berger and others have shown
that the European speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria, can only reproduce in the temperature
range of 8°C and 14 °C even when controlling for larger female body sizes. The findings of the
study suggest that temperature can limit insect reproduction in two specific ways. First, the
development of the egg may be inhibited by temperature ranges that are outside the preferred range
of the insect. Second, the female's range of time she is able to lay eggs is reduced when the
temperature of the immediate environment is not conducive to the survival of her offspring (Berger
et al, 2008). Thus, temperature is a paramount factor when considering the success rate of many
insect species.
Other studies have shown the importance of temperature on reproductive success of certain insects
and the implications that

Food Production And Its Effects On The World Essay
Food Production
At this moment around one billion individuals experience the ill effects of unending appetite. the
world 's agriculturists develop enough sustenance to bolster them, however it is not legitimately
circulated and, regardless of the fact that it were, numerous can 't bear the cost of it, since costs are
heightening. However, another test looms. By 2050 the world 's populace will increment by two
billion or three billion, which will probably twofold the interest for nourishment, as indicated by a
few studies. Interest will likewise rise in light of the fact that numerous more individuals will have
higher earnings, which implies they will eat all the more, particularly meat. Expanding utilization of
cropland for biofuels will put extra requests on our homesteads. So regardless of the fact that we
take care of today 's issues of neediness and access–an overwhelming assignment–we will likewise
need to deliver twice as much to ensure sufficient supply around the world. What 's more, that is not
all.
Agriculture is among the greatest contributors to global warming, emitting more greenhouse gases
than all our cars, trucks, trains, and airplanes combined–largely from methane released by cattle and
rice farms, nitrous oxide from fertilized fields, and carbon dioxide from the cutting of rain forests to
grow crops or raise livestock. Farming is the thirstiest user of our precious water supplies and a
major polluter, as runoff from fertilizers and manure disrupts fragile

The Pros And Cons Of Deforestation
Julie MartinMrs. Mary
SmithComposition
I – English 13018 December
2017Research Argument Rough Draft:
Forests no MoreDeforestation is human induced forest loss when a wide area of foliage is removed
and not replaced with a new set. This would cause problems would it not? Yes, because plants
produce oxygen which animals then use in respiration to live. But the big question is, is
deforestation worth the risk of demolishing massive quantities of photosynthetic organisms so we
can replace it with either less efficient plants, animals, or housing? No, no, it's not worth the risk to
the environment because of loss in biodiversity, increase climate change, and habitat loss.Tropical
forests hold the highest levels of biodiversity in the world by both richness and concentration of
endemic species. Though, tropical forests are not the only forests being ravaged. It has been reported
that in 1997 at least 12 million hectares of forest were cleared, worldwide, every week. As well, 24
billion tons of topsoil were lost due to erosion every year because of strong root plants, like trees,
being uprooted or slashed–and–burned. Species in both the ocean and tropical forests are being
driven to extinction 25,000 times the natural rate.
Loss of forest disturbs ecosystems stability and can cause an ecological disaster. Deforestation is
also happening faster than an ecosystem can regenerate and several species of flora and fauna have
been reclassified as being endangered. For human inhabitants of

The Planet World Will Be More Than 11 Billion People
Abstract
By the end of this century, the planet world will be home to more than 11 billion people. Feeding all
of them in a truly sustainable way remains undoubtedly one of the greatest challenges of this
generation. The population boom is sometimes feared as one of the major leading problems to the
food security and malnutrition issue; this essay analysis shows that the reasons many suspects are
not entirely true; it's not the number, nor is it about enough land. The world has already what's
required to produce enough food, but doing it at an acceptable cost to the planet will depend on
dramatic changes from how we eat, what we grow and how we do it. There is a need driven by the
global political will to adopt and incorporate best ideas and strategies from successful existing and
previous practices; green revolution, small–large agriculture, organic and local agriculture all
combined with new innovations systems that focus on sustainable food production.
INTRODUCTION
There is a 70 percent chance that the number of world's population will rise continuously from 7
billion today to 11 billion at the end of this century. Nearly all of this population increase will occur
in developing countries. The projections indicate that after 2050 Africa will be the sole continent to
keep experiencing a significant population growth. In 2100, Africa is projected to have 39 percent
up from 25 percent in 2050, while Asia's share of global population will far from 54 percent in 2050
to 44

Guns, Germs, And Steel Essay
Guns, Germs, and Steel Essay The historical book Gun, Germs, and Steel written by Jared Diamond
explains a variety of different themes as to why the world came to be as it is today. The differences
in technology and advances differing between other countries. Why is Eurasia more advanced and
innovated than other continents like, the Americas? Why didn't every country develop to an equal
pace in advancement? Diamond's major theme is that environmental differences influenced the
differences in the world's society's not different human intellectuals. He illustrates how agriculture,
geography, and diseases influenced these changes. The earliest stage of human evolution came to be
found in Africa. Human history began about 7 million years ago and came from a descendant of the
gorilla line. These early humans known as Homo erectus dispersed to different continents and
started colonizations. Since every human being came from the same background it supports
diamond's theory that different human intellectuals wasn't the cause of different advancements. As
the inhabitants of Africa started to create new tools Europe and Asia began to follow this trend. As
of some 400,000 years ago, Cro–Magnons in Europe developed modern skeletons, superior
weapons, and other advanced cultural traits, a sign human evolution. Geography motivated human
migration to land where the climate was better suited for agriculture and the raising of animals. The
Sahara desert blocked the entrance to the

Mesoamerica Domestication
Mesoamerica served as one New World cradle for plant domestication. Because of the abundance of
data gathered from the semi–arid highlands of Mexico due to the preservation of macrofossils in dry
caves, a hypothesis was formed that stated the highland region was the center of domestication in
Mesoamerica (Pope et al. 2001:1370–1373). Compared to the highlands, not much was known about
the role the lowlands of Mesoamerica played in plant domestication. This was because the humid
conditions of the tropical areas of Mesoamerica often led to poor plant preservation. Studies focused
on San Andres to observe the traces of maize cultivation. Researchers built on earlier research,
combining data from sediment cores with data from adjacent wetland excavations. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Larger grains the size of 70 µm first appeared 5,000 years B.C. and were common 4,000 years B.C.
The size and axis/pore ratio had decreased in size to a size now typical of domesticated maize. It is
important to note that the Zea found in San Andres were not native to the coastal Tabasco area and
was an exotic species that was introduced to and cultivated by farmers. The appearance of this maize
coincides with forest clearing in this area, probably for the purposes of agriculture, which was
evidenced by charcoal. The settlement here was linked to the beach ridge and the lagoon which was
attractive to maize farmers. Small Zea pollen disappeared after 2,500 years B.C. and around the
same time, domesticated sunflowers appeared. The first sunflower seed found dates back to 2,667
calendar years. B.C., and the first sunflower fruit dates back to 2,548 calendar year B.C. The earliest
date on maize in Mexico is 4,300 calendar year B.C. which meant that domestication had to have
happened before 4,000 calendar year B.C. This early appearance of maize supports the supposed
origin of agriculture in the New World in a humid, tropical setting and for early exchanges between
Mesoamerica, and Central and South

Subsistence Agriculture
Question #1 How is intensive subsistence agriculture distinguished from extensive subsistence
cropping? Why, in your opinion, have such different land use forms developed in separate areas of
the warm, moist tropics?
Intensive agriculture is the primary subsistence pattern of large–scale, populous societies. It results
in much more food being produced per acre compared to other subsistence patterns. Beginning
about 5,000 years ago, the development of intensive farming methods became necessary as the
human population grew in some major river valleys to levels beyond the carrying capacity of the
environment using horticulture and pastoralism. The transition to intensive agriculture was
originally made possible by water management systems ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The maximum sustainable yield is usually higher than the optimum sustainable yield.
This logistic model of growth is produced by a population introduced to a new habitat or with very
poor numbers going through a lag phase of slow growth at first. Once it reaches a foothold
population it will go through a rapid growth rate that will start to level off once the species
approaches carrying capacity. The idea of maximum sustained yield is to decrease population
density to the point of highest growth rate possible. This changes the number of the population, but
the new number can be maintained indefinitely, ideally.
MSY is extensively used for fisheries management. MSY in most modern fisheries models occurs at
around 30% of the unexploited population size. This fraction differs among populations depending
on the life history of the species and the age–specific selectivity of the fishing method. However, the
approach has been widely criticized as ignoring several key factors involved in fisheries
management and has led to the devastating collapse of many fisheries. As a simple calculation, it
ignores the size and age of the animal being taken, its reproductive status, and it focuses solely on
the species in question, ignoring the damage to the ecosystem caused by the designated level of
exploitation and the issue of by catch.
Question #3 How, in your opinion, do the

Summary Of Guns, Germs, And Steel
In the documentary Guns, Germs, and Steel, there was a question that was presented to Diamond by
a New Guinean man named Yali. Yali asked, "Why do you white people have so much cargo, but we
New Guineans have so little?" This question from Yali threw Diamond off. He assumed that since it
was a simple question, that there would have been a simple answer. Moreover, Diamond's
experience with the New Guineans had showed him their ingenious ways. That they can go into
uncharted, undiscovered territory. They could create a shelter from practically nothing. Then survive
there, even thrive there. At that point the question in Diamond's mind was; how did our worlds
become so different? While assessing the history of humans and the environments that

Africa Geography
Africa's diverse population and unique history are partially due to the continent's geography, which
also fuels the debate over who is African and who isn't. Its geography impacted the African people
in many ways over a very long period of time.
The African continent is made up of five main climactic zones, each one with its own associated
culture that fits in with its specific geography and weather. Different foods and animals were able to
be cultivated and domesticated based off the climactic zones, such as equatorial, tropical, and desert.
Wetter locations favored grain–based agriculture, tropical forests favored root–based agriculture,
and in the drier regions, hunting and herding was the best means of food. Civilizations living near
lakes or rivers were able to support themselves by fishing. "The domestication of wild plants and
animals ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tribal groups such as the Berbers had much outer influence from invading Muslim Arabs, settling
Spanish Jews and Muslims, and the sub–Saharan peoples who traded across the Sahara desert.
Another group of African people known as the Swahili also had many outside contacts through their
commercial contacts such as India, the Persian Gulf, the Malay Archipelago, Southern Arabia, and
China. Each new culture that African society came in contact with changed and shaped their way of
life and altered the course of their history.
Some would say that the ongoing debate over who is African was started by the continent's diverse
geography and the changes that came with it. Many new and different peoples were traveling into
Africa, and for many different reasons. Some migrated just to find someplace new, some invaded in
order to convert religions, or some just to establish new trade. This made it very difficult to know
who was really of African descent and who

How Do Plants Determine The Name Of A Biome
1. Describe how plants determine the name of a biome.
Plants can determine the name of a biome because if you really think about it they are the producers.
Also in the text it even mentioned that Biomes names are defined by their plant life. Basically
scientist determine a biomes name by the plants living in it and by the animals as well.
2. Explain how temperature affects which plants grow in an area.
In the text it clearly states, " Most organisms are adapted to live within a particular range of
temperatures and will not survive at temperatures too far above or below their range." So it really
depends on the climate range in the area a certain plant is living in but most animals survive in most
types of weather.
3. Explain how precipitation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, the trees of tropical rain forests usually grow closer to the equator, while the mosses
and lichens of the tundra usually grow closer to the poles. The land located in the temperate region
of the world, between about 30° and 60° north latitude and 30° and 60° south latitude, is where most
of the food in the world is grown. This region includes biomes such as temperate forests and
grasslands, which usually have moderate temperatures and fertile soil that is ideal for agriculture."
As the latitude and altitude increase the land became drier and colder , which means that most plants
and animals may and may not survive.
5. Making Inferences The equator passes through the country of Ecuador. But the climate in Ecuador
can range from hot and humid to cool and dry. Write a short paragraph that explains what might
cause this range in climate.
In Ecuador there are many mountains so as I know the more you go up a mountain the colder it gets.
To explain this further in the text it states, "Climate gets colder as latitude and altitude increase. So,
climate also gets colder as you move farther up a mountain." This basically explains what causes
this range in climate and where as

The Causes Of Deforestation
Deforestation is one of the major subject in twenty first century. Humans have been deforestation
the forest for thousands of years. Little we known about the tropical woodland and they are
disappearing at an alarming rate. This is because it occurs mostly in Africa where there are little to
no inhabitants. Leaving us in capable of preventing it. Deforestation is mainly caused by clearing
the forest and woodland for farming, logging, housing, building roads. If we do not stop cutting
trees and stop deforestation, result could be catastrophic.
Non–commercial farming operations are one of the reasons for deforestation. One referred to as cut
down and burn agriculture, which takes place when human beings cut, burn, and farm a small patch
of woodland. typically, the farming is successful for two or three years. When the land loses nutrient
from the soil, the location must be deserted, and method repeated in every other location of forest. In
the beginning, many indigenous rainforest tribes in numerous areas of the world practice slash and
burn agriculture without long–term damage to the forest; their numbers had been small, and this
allowed for lengthy fallow durations. Inside the farmed areas throughout which the forest could
recover. However, as populations have increased in the tropics, extra regions are farmed, and those
areas aren't allowed sufficient fallow time to regenerate. A second kind for subsistence farming
worker is the thing that the rainforest Realities focus

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