Count Camillo Benso Di Cavour

Count Camillo Benso Di Cavour
Count Camillo Benso di Cavour was a man born into Italian politics during a time where the divided
peninsula was in constant turmoil which was largely due to the many shifts in power throughout the
many territories of Italy. Descending from a noble family and having both marquis for a father and a
mother who was the lady in waiting to the princess at the time (who was the first Napoleon's sister),
Cavour had the chance early on to observe politics (Botta, pg. 6). What he largely had the chance to
see was the great divisions that plagued the governments of Italy as it fell from France control.
While he was attending the Military Academy of Turin, he found himself hired as the page to
Charles Albert, the heir at the time to the throne of Sardinia (Botta, pg. 7). Eventually dismissed by
Albert and allowed to return to his studies at the Academy, Cavour soon had the opportunity to tour
the country through his rapid progression through the ranks. After his service, Cavour sought to
delve deeper into the politics all around him. In addition to studying political science and political
economics, he had the opportunity to watch the political changes of England and France (the French
Revolution). He is quoted as having said to an English friend in one of his numerous letter that
"'While all of Europe is walking with a firm step in the path of progress, unhappy Italy is always
borne down under the same system of civil and religious tyranny.'" (Botta, pg. 9). He elaborates later
that
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Italian Unification Dbq Essay
In order to restore France after the Napoleonic Era, the Quadruple Alliance, Russia, Prussia, Austria,
and Great Britain, held a meeting called the Congress of Vienna in order to establish peace between
countries. The four countries decided that creating borders within Europe and receiving
compensation in the form of territory would be an effective reminder of the pain France had caused
during its revolution. After decades of dealing with borders placed by the Quadruple Alliance, the
inhabitants of Italy wanted a more unified peninsula. Although many leaders of Europe proposed
ideas for fixing this problem, many of them such as Cavour and Napoleon III had ulterior motives.
The unification of Italy took such a long time because its politicians were not being honest about
what they actually wanted. One of the most influential political figures in Europe during this time
was Count Camillo Benso di Cavour, a politician from Piedmont–Sardinia who had very small and
realistic goals for Italy (Hearder 40). To him, there was no hope for a democratic revolution across
Italy, and he viewed the settlement from the Congress of Vienna as "arbitrary [and] defective" (Doc.
4). He only ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He decided to end his alliance with Cavour because he feared losing support from his Catholic
subjects in France (McKay et al 753). Napoleon made a compromise peace with Austria at
Villafranca. The only land that Italy obtained from Austria were the two fortress cities of Mantua
and Peschiera (Doc. 10). The rest of the map remained the same. Cavour resigned out of pure
frustration (Hearder 149). In a letter to an Italian friend, Napoleon wrote, "I do not wish to see Italy
united. I want only independence. Unity would bring danger to me..." (Doc 11). Despite all of the
bitter resentment, Cavour was pleasantly surprised when the northern and central states of Italy
called for a fusion, and he returned to power in 1860 (McKay et al

The Growing Support for Hitler and Mussolini
The Growing Support for Hitler and Mussolini
HIST
December 15, 2012
After the First World War, both Italy and Germany was in an economic down turn. Both countries
saw hardship with the addition of high unemployment rates. Workers in both counties were unhappy
with how life was, which spurred riots and strikes. A leader emerged from each country, claiming
radical ideology was the solution. Mussolini and his Party adopted trending ideology to better
appeal in the political environment. Hitler on the other hand, stuck to his radical ideas of a racial
cleansing which he expressed in his book Mien Kampf. Both leaders didn't come into power on their
own but with the support and loyalty from many followers, their needs to become dictator ... Show
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By March, it was reported 20,000 Communist were in the camps, followed by 100,000 more by the
end of summer. With all these events occurrence and times of emergency, the president appointed
Hitler, Chancellor of Germany through rule of decree. By having these
Bibliography
Evans, Richard J. "Hitler's Dictatorship. (Cover story)." History Review no. 51 (March 2005): 20–
25. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed December 15, 2012).
"Mussolini's Fascism." History Review no. 59 (December 2007): 40–44. Academic Search
Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed December 15, 2012).
Pearson, Clive. "HITLER AND THE LAW, 1920–1945." History Review no. 60 (March 2008): 28–
33. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed December 15, 2012).
Shirer, William L, "THE MAN WHO FOOLED THE WORLD", Saturday Evening Post 249, no.
1(January 1977), 70–91, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost, (accessed December 5, 2012).
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[ 1 ]. "Mussolini's Fascism", History Review no. 59, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost,
2007, 40–44
[ 2 ]. Clive Pearson, "HITLER AND THE LAW, 1920–1945", History Review no. 60, Academic
Search Complete, EBSCOhost, 2008, 28
[ 3 ]. "Mussolini's Fascism", 41

[ 9 ]. William L. Shirer, "THE MAN

Napoleon 's Reign Over Italy
Italy, as it is known today, has been in existence for less than one hundred fifty years. For several
centuries, Italy had been made up of separate states often ruled by foreign powers. In 1796,
Napoleon Bonaparte invaded and conquered the Italian peninsula. After falling under French rule,
the peninsula was divided into three parts: several northern states, which were annexed to France,
the Kingdom of Italy, of which Napoleon declared himself king in 1805, and the Kingdom of Naples
in the south. Napoleon and the French brought new ideas about society and governing with them.
They also brought the concepts of freedom and nationalism with them, which might have sparked
Italy's later attempts to achieve unity. Napoleon's reign over Italy crumbled with his defeat in 1814.
Shortly after, parts of Italy were distributed amongst other European countries, particularly Austria,
and returned to former rulers by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Many people were unhappy with
the actions of the Congress and secret societies started to grow to oppose these rulers and promote
the idea of a united Italy. One of the secret societies set up in opposition to foreign rulers was called
the Carbonari. This nationalistic, revolutionary group started in Naples and spread northward. In
1820 they carried out a successful revolution in Naples which forced King Ferdinand I to set up a
new constitution and parliament, but it was soon squashed by the Austrians. All their future
uprisings failed, and in

The Challenges Of The Italian Unification Of Italy
The Italian Unification is a time period during which Italy becomes unified as one country. While
trying to unify the country there were obstacles faced and conquered by Mazzini, Cavour, and
Garibaldi as they continued to unify Italy. They pushed Nationalism on the people. The problems
that were faced during the time of the unification were the Austrian occupation of Lombardy and
Venice. Also, the land still belonged to the Pope and not the government which meant that it did not
really belong to everyone and didn't symbolize unification. The last problem is there is an existence
of many independent states which means there were states ruling themselves. One of the major
people involved in the unification of Italy is Giuseppe Mazzini. ... Show more content on
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He helped unite Italy into one country and was considered a revolutionary hero. Throughout his time
as a revolutionary hero he faces some challenges, for instance, when he was supposed to take over a
war ship and instead he ended up being caught by the police. He was supposed to be sentenced to
death but he managed to escape and flee to South America for twelve years. Garibaldi decided to
move to North America and in the same year went back to Italy. In Italy, they started calling him
Risorgimento which meant revival. He was called this because he came back to help change Italy
and make it one country. In Italy, he partners with the king of Sardinia, Victor Emmanuel II and
politically left Mazzani. In order to unite Italy, they forced the Austrians into the Alps. France took
the last territory, called the Papal states. With that Garibaldi was able to push the unification to
finally happen. The Italian Unification brought a rise to Nationalism. Nationalism is when a nation
is joined together in ways of government, leaders, or religion. Nationalism is Italy gives freedom of
press and power to the government or one ruler. This is exactly what had been done in the Italian
Unification. They united under one rule and became a singular country. They also received freedom
of the press and a new Parliament during the time of Camillo di Cavour. Mazzini, Cavour, and
Garibaldi all used their ideas to help with the unification witch

How Did Nationalism Affect Italy At The Turn Of The 18th...
In the 1800's, a new sense swept throughout Europe, uprooting the old order of Europe.
Nationalism, a belief that people's greatest loyalty should be to a nation of people who share a
common culture and history. So strong that it challenged the old order of Europe by inspiring
revolutions and helping Italy and Germany to unite and in return uproot the past European order. By
1815, the Congress of Vienna had ended and in return created five great powers: England, France,
Austria, Prussia, and Russia. The Congress of Vienna ensured that monarchies would keep their
thrones through the principle of legitimacy, successfully oppressing smaller countries. However,
nationalism spread throughout Europe and uprooted the hold of the old order of Europe ... Show
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For example, the Greeks were spurred by nationalistic feeling and rebelled against the Ottoman
Turks in 1821. Revolution was opposed by the powerful European governments, but popular support
for the Greeks grew throughout Europe. The Russians felt a connection to the Greek orthodox
Christians who were ruled by Muslim Ottomans and educated Europeans and Americans loved and
respected ancient Greek culture. This eventually leads to a combined British, French, and Russian
fleet destroying the Ottoman fleet in the Battle of Navarino in 1827. In 1830, Britain, France, and
Russia signed a treaty ensuring and independent kingdom of Greece. In addition, Nationalism also
led to the disunification of Russia. The czars of Russia tried to force Russian culture on millions of
people of different ethnic groups in the empire. This strengthened nationalistic feeling among
groups as they fought for their freedom. These two revolutions resulted in the destruction of the
Russian and Ottoman empire. The shock of World War I and revolutions throughout their own
empire led to the destruction of their empire. In summary, nationalistic feelings erupted after the two
empires forced people to unite under one heritage but people believed that they should unite under
those of their own

Napoleon's Influence In Italy Research Paper
In north Italy, roots of struggles between city states still plagued their relationships. Their failure to
unite reduced this potential to compete with other European powers and therefore became political
satellites in a continent of powerful nations. The abrupt switch from the Mediterranean to the
Atlantic and Indian oceans for new sources of trade sent the maritime economy of Italian cities into
decline. Direct access to the Atlantic became the primary source of wealth for european countries
like Spain and Portugal. Challenges to the Church's authority in earlier centuries failed to bring
down the papacy, and in the 16th century it stood strong in face of the Protestant Reformation. It did
however, loose much of its influence in Europe. Consequently, the Pope was able to establish its
own house and enlarged the Papal States under which it functioned. By the beginning of the 16th
century, the Pope's domain extended into the lower Po River valley.
AUSTRIAN HABSBURG ERA (1713–1860) In Spain, the Spanish succession of 1701 created a
division of lands once the Habsburgs died out. Places like Milan, Naples and Sicily were transferred
out of the control of the Austrian Habsburgs. During this time the kingdom of Piedmont Sardinia
appeared. By 1735, the Habsburgs surrendered Naples and Sicily to the ... Show more content on
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His conquest of the entire peninsula caused for the redrawing of political boundaries several times.
Napoleon's influence in Italy during the 1700's also resulted in the creation of the modern day Italian
flag. It takes on many of the same attributes that the French flag has incorporated with regards to its
dimensions and tricolor aspect. After Napoleon crowned himself the emperor in 1804, a small part
of Italy was annexed to France and the remained of the peninsula was divided into kingdoms and
small principalities. The Congress of Vienna in 1814 would reestablish the former boundaries of the

Italian Unification Dbq Essay
After being separated since the fall of the Roman Empire and acting as only "a geographic
expression," Italy finally underwent the process of unification and succeeded in 1870. For hundreds
of years, Italy was ruled under city–states, therefore the peninsula was unable to form a unified
nation. However, through several political leaders, such as Giuseppe Mazzini and Camillo Cavour,
helped manifest the Italian unification process to success in the 19th century. As Italy struggled for
unity and national identity in the period circa 1830–1870, contrasting viewpoints emerged on what
type of government should rule over the peninsula, with options such as a republic, papacy, or not
unifying at all. The Italian people considered establishing a republic ... Show more content on
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Daniele Manin, a politician from Venice, wrote a letter to a friend that unity "should be based on
historical tradition" and the "peoples who have different origins and customs should not be forced
together, because otherwise civil war will follow the war of independence," persuading the idea that
because of the differences of populations, Italy should not be unified or a civil war will follow
(Document 5). The letter also stated that no state "should be refused the republican form of
government if it feels better suited to it than to a constitutional monarchy," describing that people
also have the option to choose the form of government that was most appropriate (Document 5).
Manin indirectly critiqued the structure of the Austrian Empire because only one–third of the
population was ethically German and the rest were people originating from the Slavs and the
Magyars ignited an internal war. Additionally, Cavour promoted the idea of not unifying through his
letter to Victor Emmanuel in 1858, expressing that "Italy would be divided into four states"
(Document 6). This division of Italy into four states would contradict the spirit of unity because new
borders would be established and the differences of the populations will become evident. Even
though nationalism grew in Italy, there were some people who advocated for the separation of

The Background And Nature Of The Movement For National...
Garibaldi went to the USA, Austria backed out of the war therefore handing Lombardy to Sardinia.
Treaty of Zurich ends northern Italy tension. Tuscany, Modena, and Parma seek annexation by
Sardinia. Italy was scattered during the 1850s but came together in the 1860s and 70s to really
become a world power. Piedmont became the unlikely unifying power of Italy. Victor Emmanuel II
was the driving force. Sardinia fought against Russia in the Crimean war and won. Sardinia was
overall different because while being small they managed to get a lot done to further the unification
of Italy.
Explain the background and nature of the movement for national unification in Italy. What role had
Mazzini played? What had happened in 1848 to the unification movement?
After the fall of Napoleon, Italy was controlled mostly by Austria and the Habsburgs. The
movement for national unification in Italy started with revolts and demanding change to the kings.
Nationalists were influenced by other people in other countries that had successfully revolted, for
example like in Spain in 1820. The Kingdom of Two Sicilies was conquered and convinced the king
to establish a new constitution. Mazzini helped with Italian unification by creating a secret society
called Young Italy. The goal of Mazzini's new group was to promote nationalism and convince
people why there should be a unified Italy. In 1848, revolutions all over Italy occurred because
nationalists did not want Austria to have control over them.

Benito Mussolini's Rise and Fall to Power Essays
Benito Mussolini had a large impact on World War II. He wasn't always a powerful dictator though.
At first he was a school teacher and a socialist journalist. He later married Rachele Guide and had 5
children. He was the editor of the Avanti, which was a socialist party newspaper in Milan. 
 Benito Mussolini founded the Fasci di Combattimento on March of 1919. "This was a
nationalistic, anti liberal, and anti socialist movement. This movement attracted mainly the lower
middle class."1 Fascism was spreading across Europe. Mussolini was winning sympathy from King
Victor Emmanuel III. Mussolini then threatened to march on Rome. This persuaded King Victor
Emmanuel III to invite Mussolini to join a coalition, which strongly helped ... Show more content on
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He was determined to win in Greece his share of the laurels which had fallen in a not proportionate
number to the Wehrmacht. The failure of Mussolini's invasion of Greece greatly upset
Hitler as he waited Molotov's arrival. This not only messed up his scheme to change the Balkans
into a satellite zone by peaceful diplomacy; it was also upsetting the Soviet Union. "On October 31,
Britain occupied Crete and the Aegean Island of Lemnos with troops sent from Egypt. In the next
few days they transferred air units to southern Greece, putting Romania's Ploesti oil fields, his main
source of supply, in danger of bombing attack."8 The Panzer units Mussolini wanted
would instead be used for communicating in Greece from positions inside Bulgaria, Germany's First
World War aly, which Hitler was now trying to coax into the tripartie Pact, while Mussolini's army
was left to manage its desert campaign against British as best it could. On June 24, 1938 Petain
signed terms with Mussolini. Benito Mussolini was Italy's dictator for 21 years. He had
gone through a lot with the people of Italy. All in all they did not like Mussolini. During the mid
summer of 1943 many many supporters turned on him with a great passion. Sicily was being
overrun by Allied armies. Italys' economy went straight downhill from here. The Grand

Giuseppe Garibaldi Essay
Giuseppe Garibaldi
"The Sword" of Italian Unification
"My goal, which was, I believe, shared by most italians at that time, was to unite the country and rid
it of foreign powers. Those who gave Italy her freedom would earn her people's gratitude"
(Garibaldi, page 6). During the age of Italian unification, there were three men who fought for her
(Italy's) freedom. Those men were Cavour the brains, Mazzini the soul, and Garibaldi the sword
(Chastain).
Giuseppe Garibaldi was born in Nice in 1807 (Garibaldi, page 173). He spent his life working
towards not only Italian unification, but that of France and South America. He is considered by
many to be the "Hero of two worlds" (Chastain). He spent most of his complex life on the run from
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most of his account of twenty years of battle is more epic in nature, and includes many negative
interactions with authority figures. In all of his autobiography, he clearly mentions his personal
values at the beginning of his period of exile from Italy, and he does so with powerful language: "It
is difficult to find perfection among humankind: let us try to be good; let us teach the masses, as far
as we can, the principles of justice and truth;; let us fight theocracy and tyranny, the embodiments of
lies and evil, whatever form they take – but let us show compassion toward our own cruel human
race, which among its other merits has the ability to generate on half of itself made up of emperors,
kings, policemen and priests, who appear to be born with all the attributes of torturers for the glory
and the good of the rest of us" (Garibaldi, page 48). From this quote we can clearly see that
freedom, truth, and justice was the primary values of Garibaldi. This values are , in turn, aligned
very closely with his organizational commitments and actions. From his book, it can inferred that he
is always concerned for the safety and well being of his troops. From his oversight into obtaining a
proper burial of comrade–in–arms, Anazini, to the constant references to the need to obtain proper
clothing and food for his troops. Giuseppe displays a great hatred for his superiors when they do not
deliver on their promise of clothing

Adito Mussolini : A Dictator Essay : Benito Mussolini
Dictator Essay: Benito Mussolini By dictionary definition, a tyrant is a cruel or obsessive ruler. Who
could be so evil as to act like that? One example is Benito Mussolini. Benito Mussolini was an
inhumane and heartless ruler of Italy who abused his power by using terror and intimidation to get
what he wanted. He was a dictator who had a homicidal ego, which therefore led him to become the
fascist man he was who had killed and massacred close to a million people. As a child, Benito
Mussolini had an affinity for violence. This may have been a result of the fact that his father was an
atheist. He had attended a Catholic school, which he had soon gotten expelled from, at the age of 10,
for stabbing a classmate in the arm. Mussolini's violence also continued, as he also got expelled
from the next school that he had attended. Not only that, but Mussolini's affection for stabbing
continued, as he had openly admitted to knifing his girlfriend in the arm. In fact, Benito Mussolini
had been so malicious that at his local church, he would pinch others so strong that they would
begin to sob. Even as a child, Mussolini new he was born to be a leader, as he often led gangs of
boys to raid the local farmsteads. As Mussolini continued to grow up, he thought that the people and
their lives needed to be run similar to how it was run in the Roman Empire. Based on this thought,
Mussolini decided that he wanted to become a modern day Caesar. It is believed that Mussolini
grew to become a ruler of absolute power because he loved making everyone feel lower then him,
like he was more powerful than anyone else. In order to gain this power, Mussolini formed his very
O'Connor 2 own Fascist Party with the support of unemployed war veterans. Mussolini then took
action, with the help of his supports "The Blackshirts", by terrorising their political opponents. Soon
enough,Tthe Blackshirts had been asked to join the coalition government. In 1922, King Victor
Emmanuel then invited Mussolini to form a government after him and The Blackshirts had marched
on Rome. Mussolini had slowly begun to dismantle to government so that in 1925, he was able to
give himself the title of "dictator." Once Benito Mussolini had achieved the title of

The Similarities Between Hitler And Benito Mussolini
The beginning of a new world after the Great War was an opportunistic time for those who craved
power to rise and take their places as leaders of the unstable nations. Two of history's most notable
dictators had been waiting for the right moment to seize control; Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini
found opportunities after World War I to begin their command over Germany and Italy, respectively.
Interestingly, both men had similar experiences on their roads to power, but there were also several
differences that continue to be interpreted in present day. It is no secret that Germany and Italy were
irritated after the war. While Germans were embarrassed by the War Guilt Clause, and Italians were
enraged at the refusal of promised Dalmatia ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
President Hindenburg had appointed Adolf as Chancellor with the intent to control him, and was
planning to remove him from the position when Germany regained its economic and social status.
Benito, on the other hand, had been given the role as Prime Minister because King Victor Emmanuel
was fearful of a civil war, and didn't want the be dethroned. Another contrasting point is that Hitler
tried to appeal to all levels of the social ladder, while Mussolini had focused on destroying the lower
class and socialist–organised land to appease his main source of funds, also known as the bosses and
landowners that dominated Italy's economy. Instead of promising to demolish the less wealthy,
Hitler gave Germany a common enemy; Jewish citizens were portrayed as a threat to society and
were to be removed. Also, the final step into declaring their dictatorships were different for the two
men. Adolf had strategically put the Enabling Act into place to ensure complete power, while Benito
was almost forced to confirm his position when he made the choice to take ownership of the murder
of Giacomo Matteotti, instead of taking the risk of being overthrown by other members in his

Italian Unification Research Paper
Italy, known for its amazing food options, striking structures, rich culture, and exquisite cuisine, is a
beautiful country. Italy has a unique population of people who truly care for each other and
maintaining their magnificent country. Their flag colors, representing hope, faith and charity, paint a
perfect description of what the country truly represents. Sadly, Italy has not always been so close
knit. Italy's states were once spread out and controlled by many different foreign leaders. In order to
keep Italy's culture and heritage from being swept away by other countries, unification was
essential. Unification is the process of becoming one or whole. As it regards to a nation, this process
occurs best when people join together to persistently pursue and accomplish the common goal. The
journey to unify Italy involved the courage and strength of three incredible men. Giuseppe Mazzini,
Giuseppe Garibaldi, and Camillo Cavour put fourth tremendous efforts to unite Italy. During the
early to mid 1700s, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Giuseppe Garibaldi was another one of the great leaders who was involved with attempting to unify
Italy. Garibaldi was known for his magnificent military background. He was very tactful, and
always put together the greatest armies. Garibaldi was a man of endurance. (Hearder 188) No matter
what, he was going to fight for recapturing Italy's states. He did not allow anything it to take him off
track of getting to his goal; unifying Italy. He fought tirelessly for years and years. He won some
wars and others he lost. He was exiled multiple times, but always found his way back. Italy needed a
relentless leader such as Garibaldi. He definitely had a huge impact on Italy. No one had ever fought
that hard. No matter what the Italian citizens could always rely on and trust that Garibaldi would be
fighting until Italy became one. He was always remembered as a

What is Culture?
Webster's dictionary defines culture as "the beliefs, customs, arts, etc., of a particular society, group,
place, or time". (Culture) This paper will attempt to inform the reader of those influences that were
instrumental in molding what is the modern culture of Italy. The geography, history, language, art,
food, and religion of the Italian region all combine to form one of the richest cultures on planet
earth. This culture has also been a key influencer of western culture as a whole. By better
understanding these cultural tenants, one may better understand how to interact with and affect
change inside this complex culture. Many societies have had influence on the Italian peninsula.
These cultures include, but are not limited to the Etruscans, Greeks, Turks, Jews and Northern
European Germanic tribes. Not the least of these influential cultures was the organic Roman culture
that dominated this region for nearly a thousand years. With the immigration of eastern European
and African peoples, this ethnic mixing continues even today. The Italian peninsula is located in
southern Europe and dominated by three distinct geographical features: mountains, hill country, and
a river valley. The Alps insulate Italy's northern border from other European nations while the
Apennines run down the spine of the boot shaped peninsula. The central part of the nation is
predominated by rugged hill country that helped to isolate individual villages and aided in the
development in the

Italy 's Current Population Of Italy
Italy is located in the Southern part of Europe and is surrounded by the Mediterranean and Adriatic
Seas. It officially became a country in 1861, under the rule of King Victor Emmanuel II. Italy's
current population sits at just under 62 million; it is a decent populated country in comparison to the
countries surrounding it. It is ranked the 24th most populated country in the world. The majority of
the population is of Italian decent and practices Christianity. Over half of the Italy's population lives
in urbanized areas, which gives a good idea of the percentage of people who hold jobs in an urban
area. Urban area jobs include factory workers, business owners, cashiers, etc. With that being said,
the unemployment is 12.2% . Surprisingly, the unemployment rate is a little higher for men than it is
for women in Italy.
The governmental structure in Italy is a republic, and the current President is Sergio Mattarella. He
has been president for just over a year. Italy's economy is an economy with an interesting past, full
of ups and downs. It is quite different from the economy of the United States in the way it is ran,
however it's turbulent past is similar to the United State's bumpy economic past. As of 2015, the
average annual income per person is $35,800 (in U.S. dollars). As stated above, the unemployment
rate is high, but for those who are employed 3.9% work in agriculture, 28.3% work in industry, and
67.8% work in services. The currency Italy uses is the

The Role Of Warfare During The Nineteenth Century Efforts...
The Power of Warfare The role of warfare played a tremendous role in the nineteenth–century
efforts of nation building. Warfare gave rise to an increase of self–pride within people, known as
nationalism, which allowed the people within countries to unite and further expand for the greater
good of their country. Warfare was used by countries like Italy, Germany, and Great Britain to build
their nations by attempting to unify there territories and establish their own governments with force.
Warfare was used to unite territories under one power, increase a country's borders, and to
implement fear into other countries to ensure that proper diplomatic processes were met to prevent
invasion. Following the Napoleonic Wars, there was a great amount of diplomatic instability within
Europe, and in the Italian states there was a call to unify every state into one nation, Italy (text, 717).
A leader of the unification movement, Camillo di Cavour (1810–1861) wanted to prevent chaotic
revolutions to unite Italy, rather he wanted to unify the Italian states by promoting the economic
developments of the Italian states (text, 717). Cavour was a prime minister of the Piedmont–Sardinia
territory, he was a great leader who pushed for the advancement and increase of the region's
economic and military powers, which he believed would help promote a unified Italy (text, 717).
Cavour's territory had much to gain from a unified Italy including a larger amount of available labor,
and also a

Analyse the aims, motives and policies of Cavour between...
Cavour was a very important, if not key player in the reunification of Italy in the 1800s. His role in
Italian unification is widely debated, as are is aims and underlying motives. Many hold contrasting
views as to whether he was an Italian nationalist or merely a Piedmontese expansionist, and the
subject is still a controversial one to this day. The existence of many wide–ranging sources which
often challenge each other on the subject does not make the task of determining what drove Cavour
any easier for scholars. It is often agreed, however, that Cavour was a very important catalyst in the
unification of Italy, wittingly or not. In this essay I shall examine Cavour's role in Italy in the period
between 1852 and 1861, and attempt to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is of interest to note that Napoleon III had been a member of the secret Carbonari society in the
Papal States and elsewhere during 1930–1931, which sought to win liberal, constitutional and
national reform. This coupled with the fact that foreign action in support of Italy would also win him
support at home and that his attempted assassination involved him more deeply in Italian politics,
means that Napoleon's support for Cavour was almost guaranteed. It is probable that Cavour knew
this, and thus took full advantage of the fact.
By now it seemed Cavour had earned himself some adversaries as well, however, such as prominent
political figures Giuseppe Mazzini and Pallavicino. An illustration of this rivalry lies in this extract
of a letter Mazzini sent to Cavour in 1856:
"Between you and us, sir, an abyss yawns. We represent Italy, you the old, covetous, faint hearted
ambitions of the house of Savoy. We desire above all National Unity. You, territorial aggrandisement
for Piedmont..."
This shows that Cavour was already under suspicion from hard–line republicans and Italian
nationalists to be supporting Piedmont more than Italy as a whole.
His next actions did not help to improve his image with them, however, as can be seen by the
Plombieres pact of 1858. This was a secret meeting between Napoleon and Cavour in which a deal
was struck: In exchange for

Benito Mussolini : Il Duce Of Fascism
Griffin Godoy
Mr. Pimentel
West. Civ. Research Paper
21, November 2015 Benito Mussolini: Il Duce of Fascism
Part 1: Intro
Mankind has almost always been ruled by different forms of government. From Democracy to
Dictatorships, mankind choose which they thought was best for their country. Some took advantage
and ruled the way that they thought was best for themselves and created their version of the best
country. One of these people was Benito Mussolini; He was the Italian Prime Minister and dictator
after World War I and during World War II. Mussolini believed that he could change the way that
Italy was ruled, and start the new "Roman Empire" in his own image. Mussolini played a key role in
changing the Italian government, unifying Italy, World War II, and he changed the world with the
creation of Fascism in Europe during his rule.
Part 2: Background Information Years before Mussolini was born, King Emmanuel II created the
Kingdom of Italy from the ideas of Mazzini, Cavour, and Garibaldi. King Emmanuel's son would
later assign Mussolini to create a better Italy. Benito Mussolini was born in Italy on the 28th of July
in 1883. His parents and him had to move to Switzerland because his father was a blacksmith, and
he did not make much money. It was in Switzerland where Mussolini began getting involved with
the Socialist party. This is where he got his ideas that he would later incorporate into his rule where
he would group together everyone and have them live as a whole

World War Ii Research Report Essay
World War II Research Report
Erica Slaughter
"Italy"
University of Phoenix
Western ideals and World War II Hundreds of philosophers and historians possess the concern of
how the modern world has come into being. Many issues, from The Great War to World War II have
effects society today. This paper will trace the rise of totalitarianism in Italy as well as other
European countries between 1918 and 1939, and the contrast to political developments in Great
Britain, France, and the United States. In this paper the subject to explain is the Holocaust in the
context of World War II and Western ideals, including the roots of anti–Semitism and intolerance of
those considered inferior in Germany, a comparison of anti–Semitic actions in ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Hitler also blames Jews for Germany's economic problems. "What is less understood are the
political conditions associated with the rise of Hitler and fascism" (Knudson, 2006).
Hitler informs the Germans that they belong to a superior race, which is meant to rule the world,
better known as the Aryan race. "Hitler had already started his political career in 1919, and had been
influenced by this kind of Pan–German thinking" (Noakes, 2010). The Great Depression causes the
unemployment rate to rise; thousands of desperate people began to trust Adolf Hitler (Talalay
Dardashti, Schelly (20 August 2006).
Mussolini's Italy Italy was a poor nation. Although Italy was one of the victorious Allies in World
War I, Italians believed that their country had been betrayed by the peace settlement of 1919 by
being denied the territory and status it deserved. A recently created electoral system based on
universal manhood suffrage had produced parliamentary chaos and ministerial instability. The lack
of coherent political programs only heightened the general disapproval with government that
accompanied the peace negotiations. People were beginning to doubt the parliamentary regime's
hold on the future. It was under those circumstances that the Fascist party, led by Benito Mussolini
(1883–1945), entered politics in 1920 by attacking the large Socialist and Popular (Catholic) parties.
The Combatants and Important Leaders of the Axis and the Allies On 28

Dictator Essay : Benito Mussolini
Dictator Essay: Benito Mussolini The dictionary defines a tyrant as a cruel or obsessive ruler. Who
could be so evil as to act in such a way? One example is Benito Mussolini. Benito Mussolini was an
inhumane and heartless ruler of Italy. He abused his power as leader, using terror and intimidation to
get what he wanted. He was a dictator with a great ego, which allowed him to be a fascist who
massacred nearly a million people. As a child, Benito Mussolini had an affinity for violence and
maliciousness. He attended a Catholic school, but at the age of 10, he was expelled for stabbing a
classmate in the arm. Mussolini's violence continued: he got expelled from his next school, once
again, for stabbing a classmate. The stabbings continued, as Mussolini openly admitted to knifing
his girlfriend in the arm. The violence did not end there: within his local church, Benito Mussolini
would pinch others so hard that they would begin to sob. However, even as a child, Mussolini was
born to be a leader. He would inspire others in violence, often leading gangs of boys to raid the local
farmsteads. As Mussolini grew up, he believed that a community and state needed to be run in a
similar way as the Roman Empire. Based on this thought, Mussolini decided that he wanted to
become a modern day Caesar. It is believed that Mussolini grew to become a ruler of absolute power
because he loved making everyone feel lower than him. In order to gain this power, Mussolini
formed his very own Fascist Party with the support of unemployed war veterans. Mussolini then
took action, with the help of his supporters, "The Blackshirts", by terrorising his political opponents.
Soon enough, the Blackshirts had been asked to join the coalition government. By then, Mussolini's
power was growing so much so that he ruined the relatively new country (which had previously
been separate states) known as Italy. Mussolini had stripped Italy of its freedom of press and
freedom of speech. He had replaced any freedom and independence that this country had and
replaced it with fear and hate. In 1922, King Victor Emmanuel then invited Mussolini to form a
government after him and The Blackshirts had marched on Rome. At this point, Mussolini had
begun to

Italian Unification Essay
Italian Unification
Count Camillo Benso di Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi can be seen as a contrast between two
inspirational and great leaders during the time of the Italian Unification. Cavour was a nobleman,
always calm and well educated while Garibaldi was a rough passionate soldier with little education.
Though these men both contributed greatly to the unifying of Italy, they are very different in their
accomplishments as well as their motives. Garibaldi had been a republican, under the influence of
Giuseppe Mazzini in 1831, but turned monarchist, showing his allegiance to Victor Emmanuel. He
was very passionate about uniting Italy and spent his entire life fighting for the expulsion of
Austrian control and to be independent. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"In April 1859 Austria issued an ultimatum demanding unilateral demobilization by 4 Piedmont. The
Austrians had mobilized a large army in northern Italy, but could not afford the expense of
maintaining it for long" . This began the War of 1859. Cavour played it so if Austria lost, Lombardy
and Venetia would be released from Austrian control, in which they did. Garibaldi however, had
different ideas for Italy. He wanted Rome, Venetia, Naples and Sicily to become part of a united
Italy as soon as possible. Cavour believed in using diplomacy and limited war to unite Italy while
Garibaldi's plan was for a military expedition. Garibaldi was able to invade Sicily and appointed
himself the dictator. While there, he abolished many tax collections upon crops, but also helped
suppress peasant revolts, winning the support of landowners but not the peasants. This caused much
more violence and instability, which prevented his idea of using Sicily as a starting ground for an
attack upon the mainland, which he considered a stage in the unification. With Garibaldi's invasion
of Sicily a success, Cavour wanted to annex Sicily to Piedmont immediately. However, Sicily was
part of the Kingdom of Naples and though they wanted their independence from Naples, they did
not want to be controlled by Piedmont. Meanwhile,Garibaldi began his march to Rome to over the
Papal States.
. Cavour greatly feared that the growing popularity of Garibaldi in Sicily, Naples and now

The Impact Nationalism in Italy and the Austrian Empire
Nationalism holds that where a nation exists, it should govern itself. The forces of nationalism
influenced central Europe from Italy to the land of the Austrian Habsburgs. After 1815, the region
knew the positive effects of a different style of governing and was divided into a much more rational
set of political units. There was an effort by both states to unite its segmented lands, so that they
could have a more international standpoint. By 1870, both Italy and the Austrian Empire had been
re–established. Italy had become unified into a central power, whereas Austria–Hungary had
established a dual monarchy.
The political structure of the Italian peninsula prior to 1861 was that of a fragmented group of small
kingdoms and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By summer, the revolution 's momentum began to decline. The Austrians ordered the Hungarian diet
to dissolve, but the order went unheeded. In September Jelacic led an army into Hungary. A
committee of national defense under Kossuth took control, authorized the establishment of a
Hungarian army, and issued paper money to fund it. In October 1848, imperial troops entered
Vienna and stifled a workers ' rebellion, effectively ending the revolution

Relationship between Communism and Fascism
The analysis of World civilization is better in the context of the world wars, II and I, however, World
War II has profound impact on World civilization. During World War I the fighting took place on
trenches but during WWII given the technological advancements made people to fight virtually
using anything available as in the case in 1939. Communism and Fascism are revolutionary
moments that were majorly felt during the twentieth century across the world and specifically in
European Countries such as Germany, Russia, Japan, and Italy among others. These two principles
of governance have some common characteristics among them on one hand and differences at some
instances. This paper tries show the relationship between Communism and Fascism, their
similarities, differences and which one is superior among the two by discussing the two socialist
namely Mussolini and Lenin.
Bolshevik Revolution
The Lenin and Mussolini socialist governing principles come into play for the first time during the
Bolshevik Revolution. The Russian Revolution was because of the failure by the then leader Czar
Nicholas II who instead of learning from the pre–revolution of 1905 he targeted his removal from
office and introduced reforms he ignored (Neely et al, 2008). The people were against Czar's rule
and his engagement in World War 1 as well as the economic hardships in Russia force people into
the streets to demonstrate in 1917, a move that forced Czar from power even after ordering the
Army to

Italy Post–1815
There were many different empires on the European continent before Napoleon's rule. As many as
20 Italian city–states existed, all of which were tiny. Before unification, Italy had not been unified
since the Roman Empire. The Congress of Vienna restored pre–Napoleonic independent
governments. The Austrian Empire opposed unification because it controlled Northeastern Italy at
the time. The papacy (the Pope and the church) also opposed unification because it feared
persecution. Whether the new Italy would be a confederation, a republic, or a monarchy was not yet
decided.
Young Italy
Young Italy was a secret nationalistic society inspired by the French revolution. It was made up of
the middle class and intellectuals. It was constantly

Italian Unification Essay
During the 18th century, intellectual changes began to dismantle traditional values and institutions.
Liberal ideas from France and Britain spread rapidly, and from 1789 the French Revolution became
the genesis of "liberal Italians". A series of political and military events resulted in a unified
kingdom of Italy in 1861. The settlements reached in 1815 at the Vienna Congress had restored
Austrian domination over the Italian peninsula but had left Italy completely fragmented . The
Congress had divided the territory among a number of European nations and the victors of the
Napoleonic Wars. The Kingdom of Sardinia recovered Piedmont (Piemonte), Nice, and Savoy and
acquired Genoa.
There were three major obstacles to unity at the time the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The wars of unification were an important stage in the development of Europe. The modern world
was shaped back then by the revolutionaries of this time period. The strong leaders; Bismarck,
Guiseppe Garibaldi, and Camillo Cavour led their countries to a great thing, unification.
Giuseppe Mazzini, an Italian patriot spearheaded a national revolutionary movement. Mazzini's
ideology of an independent integrated republic spread quickly among large segments of the Italian
people. Revolutionary cells formed throughout the Italian peninsula.
Massive reforms that took place during the 1840s in the Papal States, Lucca, Tuscany, and the
Kingdom of Sardinia were intended to slow the revolutionary movements, instead these reforms
(1846 and 1847) only intensified the resolve of the revolutionary cells culminating in the
Revolutions of 1848, that spread to Germany, the Austrian Empire, France, and parts of northern
Italy.
The first revolution on the Italian peninsula took place in the Kingdom of Sicily, which resulted in a
constitution for the whole kingdom. An insurrection in 1848 caused pope Pius IX to flee Rome and a
republic was proclaimed. King Charles Albert of Sardinia mobilized his army and marched to the
assistance of Lombardy and joined in the war to drive the Austrians from Italian soil.
While it initially looked as if the independence and unity of Italy was a realistic possibility, the
Austrians defeated the Piedmontese and Charles Albert had to abdicate.

Nationalism in Europe in the 19th century Essay
Nationalism is way of thinking both political and socially to create a community united by: history,
ethnicity, religions, common culture, and language. Numerous effects occurred while establishing a
Nationalist community, some effects were a long term impact on Nationalism, and other was short
term impacts on Nationalism.
Bloody Sunday was a big impact of Nationalism, what started out as a peaceful march of Petersburg
workers marching to the Winter Palace led by Father Gapon turned out to be a nightmare. The
marchers wanted to establish an eight hour work day, establish minimum wage, and assemble a
constitution, while the marchers marched they was fired upon by Russian troops and several
hundred marchers was killed. People believed that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Piedmont's Victor Emmanuel was declared the kingdom of Italy and unification was completed at
the end of the Franco–Prussian War in 1871.
A long term impact of Nationalism was an essay from Giuseppe Mazzini "On the Duties of Man", it
was written for the workers residing in England. Mazzini preaches toward humanity, and believes
that if you are not ready to violate your law of life then you are not ready to become a whole human
family. The biggest impact the Nationalism was the redrawing of the map of Europe. Mazzini's
believed that Europe was jealous of righteous powers of others and greed took over. There was
much conflict and fighting to settle the new territories of Europe. The reason that the redrawing of
the map of Europe was such a big impact on Nationalism is because the boundaries of Europe still
hold true today. Mazzini was a leader of the Roman Republic was failed, and began to look for
leadership some else besides Italy. Another long term impact of Nationalism was the Frankfurt
Constitution, this was a long and detailed document, and it entailed the boundaries of Germany and
its enforcement of its provisions, and was written for all of Germany, which was mostly consisted of
Liberals. Examples of the Frankfurt Constitution are: All Germans are treated equal before the law,
all special class privileges are abolished, no citizen shall accept a decoration from a foreign state,
and Public office shall be open to all men on the basis

The Emergence Of Italian Nationalism
The emergence of Italian nationalism began in the Renaissance Era and was then encouraged by key
Italian figures, leading to the unification of Italy which was overall beneficial for the country.
(mention benefits for Italy and how it is today)
Before unification, Italy was a collection of different independent states. The Italian Wars, which
went on from 1494 to 1559, were fought for the control of these Italian states by European powers.
The most consistently fought over city–states in Italy were Naples, Florence, Venice, Sicily, and the
Papal State of Rome. Many European powers were involved in the beginning, but soon the wars
became a struggle between mainly France and Spain. While the Italian Wars were harsh on Italy,
they helped to spread the Italian Renaissance throughout Western Europe. The Renaissance Era
began a new way of thinking, which has been traced to the beginnings of Italian nationalism, which
has contributed to the Unification of Italy.
The Italian Wars began in 1494, when Charles VIII of France invaded Italy, and in 1495 conquered
Naples. When challenged by Spain, the Roman Emperor, the pope, Venice, and Milan, France was
forced to retreat. Charles' VIII successor, Louis XII had control over Milan and Genoa in 1499. The
second Italian War occurred when Louis then gained control of Naples by getting permission from
Pope Alexander VI, and agreeing to share it with Ferdinand V of Spain. This resulted in
disagreements between France and Spain

Essay On Italian Unification
The dynamics of the Italian unification movement:
Italian Unification (Italian: Risorgimento, or "The Resurgence") it is the political movement that
unified the states of the Italian peninsula into a single country. Italy was ruled by a number of
outside powers including Spain, France, and the Holy Roman Empire early on and later, Bourbon
and imperial France and the Hapsburgs.
Factors of the success of Italian unification:
1. Napoleon united Italy again after the fall of the Holy Roman Empire from (1796–1815) during
the period of French revolution and Napoleonic wars. Various Italian states consolidated for a while,
first as republics and afterward as satellite conditions of the French realm
2. Napoleon reforms in education, law and economy spread equality and liberty
3. the Italian middle class developed in numbers and was permitted to participate in government
After Napoleon's defeat in 1815 and the settlement of Vienna congress, the Italian states were
restored to their former rulers. Secret societies, for example, the Carbonari restricted this
improvement in the 1820s and '30s. The main avowedly republican and national group was Young
Italy, established by Giuseppe Mazzini in 1831. This society, which represented the Risorgimento,
would have liked to teach the Italian individuals to a feeling of their nationhood and to urge the
majority to ascend against the current regimes
Revolutions of

Dbq Italian Unification
Italy, for the most part of its contemporary history, has been leveraged by external and internal
influences. The vastness of these influences predominated Italy in the early 19th century, which at
the time was already a disconnected region in Europe. Foreign influence was among the influences
in Italy that pushed it apart, such in the way of France and Austria, but what fragmented Italy further
were its principalities and religious catholic base with Rome at the center. Rome was in the middle
of much of these opposing sides; it had many foreign occupants during its time and was the last city
to be unified into the Italian state. Therefore, this makes Rome a great example when looking into
this time period when trying to understand these fragmentations. When traveling in Italy, one would
hardly guess the fragmentation that Italy had been previously associated with not 150 years prior.
What were specific events that could have shifted Italian Identity that led to the unification of Italy
in 1870?
General Population: For or Against Unification of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When looking at sources during this time in Italy, it is hard to find perspectives from the peasantry
class, and attempting to identify the feelings of the common folk is strenuous. If there are
documents, they are generally not translated into English, but in 1871 a census was taken for Victor
Emmanuel's newly "conquered" Italy that gives researches context to why there is a lack of
peasantry opinion. This document shows the education of the majority of the new Italian populous.
The census showed that one–third of the population of southern Italy was under the age of 15 and
much of the country was urbanized. Many of these Italians were uneducated, and in Rome and many
places in Italy, even if they were educated, this means they were not educated by Emmanuel's new
Italian

How Did Nationalism Affect Italian Unification
Nationalism: Might of Unity and Disunity Nationalism drives peoples of similar heritages and
dreams to take great pride in their own ethnic group or country. It brings new nations together and
destroys old one as a powerful and overwhelming force of both unity and disunity. Nationalism
especially had an effect on Italian unification, bringing the people to unite under three key leaders;
Mazzini, Cavour, and Garibaldi. While nationalism certainly brought Italians together, it spread far
past the peninsula and into the Austrian empire, where it broke the people apart. The Slavic groups
under the umbrella of Austria–Hungary united themselves, dividing the empire and tearing it down.
Both with dreams of independence, Italy and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even so, despite having different governments, the states were similar in their culture, heritage, and
language. Giuseppe Mazzini inspired Italians to realize their similarities and to take pride in
themselves. After all, Italy was where one of the greatest cultural and artistic movements took place,
the Renaissance.
Italy actually hadn't experienced true political unity since the Roman times, however, the
Napoleonic conquests gave the city–states a taste of unity once more. Filled with Mazzini's words of
freedom, brotherhood, and unification, the Italian people grew in nationalistic ideals. But culture
wasn't the Italian states' only similarity, they also shared a common enemy; Austria. To build
themselves a self–governing state, nationalists had to defeat the mammoth foe. The area leading the
assault on Austria was the Kingdom of Sardinia, ruled under King Victor Emmanuel II. His goal was
to unite northern Italy, as breaking the trade barrier would grant him more power. King Emmanuel II
appointed a brilliant prime minister, nationalist leader and monarchist, Camillo Cavour. Cavour was
willing to use whatever means necessary to unify northern

Mussolini Invasion Of Italy
While Mussolini focused on his expansion goals, he failed to create an efficient and popular
domestic policy. His programs, aimed at improving financial conditions for the average Italians,
resulted in a decrease in the Italian standard of living (Duggan, 2013). However, by the time his
programs were revealed as failures, Mussolini had already accomplished a totalitarian takeover of
the government. Dissent was not permitted. The secret police and other governmental organizations
suppressed dissent among adults, and a government–controlled media strictly monitored what news
Italians received (Duggan, 2013). In 1934, Mussolini engaged in more direct attempts at
expansionism. Abyssinia was next to the Italian colony Somalia, in the African desert. In 1934,
Italian soldiers attacked British and Abyssinian troops at Wal–Wal, in the preparation of an Italian
invasion of Abyssinia (Duggan, 2013). The Abyssinian emperor appealed to the League of Nations
for assistance. In July of 1935, the League of Nations banned arms sales to both ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
That made Mussolini seek out an alliance with Germany, but he held back on a full alliance because
he was concerned about the weaknesses in the Italian economy and military (Farrell, 2003). He
knew these had to be adjusted to make sure he would not end up in a weak position, and risk being
taken over by the very country he was attempting to form an alliance with. When WWII officially
began, there were some negotiations to address. The French government was interested in attacking
Italian forces in Libya, and Britain wanted Italy on its side against Germany (Farrell, 2003). That
had been the case in WWI, but Mussolini did not see it as being practical anymore. In June of 1940,
Italy declared war on Britain and France (Farrell,

Benito Mussolini : One Of Europe 's Most Powerful Dictator
Benito Mussolini: One of Europe's most powerful Dictators. Benito Mussolini was born on July 29,
1883 in Dovia Di Predappio, Flori, Italy. He lived as an Italian politician, journalist, and leader of
the National Fascist Party, which he created in 1919. Benito's father Alessandro remained a
blacksmith and socialist and his mother Rosa was a schoolteacher. Mussolini followed his father's
footsteps in becoming a socialist. His parents feared that Benito would become mute from not being
able to speak properly. But thanks to his mother's patience and care he became extremely bright.
During his youth Benito was intelligent, however was boisterous and disobedient. He got expelled
from many schools for bullying and defying school authorities. In 1901 he acquired a teaching
certificate and worked as a schoolmaster. In 1902 he went to Switzerland to promote socialism, then
got caught by the Swiss authorities and soon expelled from the country. When he came back to Italy
in 1904 he was imprisoned and momentarily after his release, he became an editor to the newspaper
organization called "Avanti" (forward), which gave him the perfect opportunity to influence people
on socialism. Benito, at first, did not want Italy participating in World War I, but then saw the war as
an opportunity for the country to become powerful. This idea of Benito got him expelled from the
socialist party. In 1915 he joined the Italian army and fought in the front lines until he became
wounded and discharged.

The Rise Of Fascism During The 20th Century
Fascism was a big idea in the 20th century, especially in Europe. Benito Mussolini was the first
known fascist because of his control and ideology of governing Italy in the 1920s. Adolf Hitler was
also a very well–known fascist for his control of Germany in the 1930s to the end of World War II.
The rise of fascism started in Europe when Mussolini rose to power and conquered Italy. Years later,
many people throughout Europe also tried to conquer countries, following in Mussolini's footsteps.
Adolf Hitler was a well–known fascist because of the impact he had on the people of Germany who
kept him in power, and because of the issues he caused throughout the world. Eventually, the fall
and demise of fascism in Europe can be blamed on the deaths and the rulers being over thrown by
their own countries (lecture notes). Fascism was the idea of having total government control over
property and goods that are sold throughout the country and resources. The idea of fascism is to
have the government make choices for the people of the country. Fascism is also known to be on the
extreme right side of the political spectrum, and having intolerant views and practices (lecture
notes). It also emphasizes the idea that certain racial groups are stronger and smarter than other
groups. Nationalism was a strong idea that was practiced by fascist because a concept of fascism is
to have the best country out there. Fascism in Europe posed challenges and issues to liberalism,
socialism, and

Italy : A Country Of Italy
INTRO
The beautifully known country of Italy had been a modern nation state for hardly half–century and
the Kingdom of Italy was not declared until 1861. King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia, after the
efforts of the great Italian statesman Camillo Benso di Cavour and the military campaigns of
Giuseppe Garibaldi. "The young state of Italy faced many problems in the late 19th and early 20th
centuries" (Sailus, 2016). The split nature of its beginnings caused massive differences in terms of
regional wealth, education, and infrastructure.
WEALTH
In Italy, the "Northern states for example such as Milan and Lombardy were relatively wealthy,
while large parts of Southern Italy still relied on heavily agricultural economies and were relatively
poor" (Sailus, 2016). This shows that Italy was a self–sufficient country and used modern ways to
succeed as a country. Before world war 1 Italy declared itself neutral in the conflict, despite its
membership in the "Triple Alliance" alongside Germany and Austria–Hungary since 1882. But in
1915, Italy declares war on Austria–Hungary, entering the war on the side of the Allies Britain,
France and Russia. They carefully considered how to gain the greatest benefit from participation in
the war. The decision to join the fight on the side of the Allies was based mostly on the promises
Italy received in the Treaty of London, signed in April 1915. The war ended in 1918 and "600,000
Italians were dead, 950,000 were wounded and 250,000 were crippled

The concept of nationalism made large scale changes in the world. Many were inspired by the idea,
others used it for personal gain, while others used it for the better of their nation as a whole.
Nationalism provided a sense of pride when one thought of their home country, and what they might
do as an individual to protect and make their country a better place to live in. It is a concept that is
able to tie a nation together like no other, but when one's nation is not complete in the middle of the
booming idea of nationalism, that is what drives unification. Unification took place in the two
countries of Germany and Italy because the people that lived in the countries at that time were
watching other countries bloom with pride for their nations ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In 1850, Prussia stretched from Lithuania to Germany because of it's constant fight for ownership of
smaller territories with Austria. Prussia held Germany's lands on the west side the Rhine River.
During this time, there were a small string of lands between Denmark and Switzerland that
Bismarck needed to occupy for the German Empire to be complete. Therefore he forged an alliance
with Austria to battle Denmark over the territories of Holstein and Schleswig. Austria took Holstein
while Prussia took control of Schleswig. This did not last long because Austria now occupied one
territory that was surrounded by Prussian lands. Prussia defeated the Austrian army after Bismarck
antagonized them over an irrelevant border problem. The treaty gave Holstein to Prussia and
removed Austria from any of Germany's affairs. The only problem that was left in Bismarck's way
was southern provinces that doubted Prussia's ability to unite Germany. Bismarck saw this and used
realpolitik in 1870 by forging a note from the French ambassador, insulting the Prussian king. After
he showed this fake letter to the people, the entire German people rose to fight. In July 1870, France
declared war on Prussia and soon lost the Franco–Prussian War. Another territory, Alsace–Lorraine,
was given to Germany in the

Benito Mussolini Research Paper
Giacomo Matteotti was an Italian Socialist politician born in Fratta Polesine, Italy. He graduated
from the University of Bologna, entered law practice, joined the Italian Socialist Party, and was
elected as the Chamber of Deputies three times, becoming secretary of his party. He was the first
leader to openly oppose Italy entering World War I and Mussolini's belief in Fascism. On May 30,
1924, he publicly condemned Mussolini, saying that the Fascists deceived the people during their
recent elections and used unnecessary violence to obtain votes. Two weeks after Matteotti's public
condemnation of Mussolini, he disappeared. About month after his death, Matteotti was found
buried in a grave just outside Rome with a carpenter's knife through his ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He was originally a Socialist, however, when he read Karl Marx's theory about social revolution, he
began to favor going to war and enlisted in fighting in the war–developing strong fascist ideals.
Wounded in the war, he came back to Italy and wanted to spread his ideas and opinions with others
and captivated others with his conviction. His power was established after the March on Rome,
where an event was held where Fascists working with Mussolini seized control of the government
and announced their ruling by parading through Rome. Luigi Facta–their previous Prime Minister–
tried to take control of Rome, but Victor Emmanuel III did not sign the order, resulting in their army
terminating any potential threatening Fascists before they attacked them. In 1922, he became the
youngest Italian Prime Minister in history and created a law that enabled Fascists to hold the most of
authority within the government. From there, Mussolini implemented many more laws and changes,
one of which including the Ceka, which was a group of professional gangsters hired by Mussolini
himself to scare the Italian citizens into voting for Fascists during the elections. He held a deep
animosity for Socialism and was trying to wipe out leftist groups with terroristic tactics, such as
mass murder and extreme propaganda. In addition, he also introduced a diarchy where he and Victor
Emmanuel were both political leaders and banned all opposing newspapers and political parties,
determined to make the country completely totalitarian. In 1927, he created and was the head of the
OVRA, which was a secret police force with official state support and a death penalty. Mussolini
had a strong desire to conquer more land and spread his empire, so in October 1935, Italy invaded
Ethiopia and killed many people within the country by gas bombing Ethiopia, resulting in the
League of Nations trying to impose sanctions. Italy was also allies with Germany and

Benito Mussolini Research Paper
Benito Mussolini, the late dictator of Italy, was nicknamed IL Duce which translates to "the leader".
During Mussolini's reign as dictator over Italy, he aimed to return the country to its former glory.
Benito Mussolini's doctrine of Fascism influenced his economic and political decisions concerning
Italy in various ways. Mussolini was born on July 29, 1883 in Predappio, Italy. His full name was
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini. Alessandro, his father, was a blacksmith and Rosa, his mother,
was a school teacher. Mussolini's father was politically a socialist but his son soon parted from his
father's ways. In 1912, Mussolini was appointed to be the editor of the socialist newspaper Avanti!.
Mussolini eventually became unemployed due to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fascism favors "individuals and generals bound together by a moral law....founded on duty...." The
Fascist Party believed that life "must be lived for oneself but above all for others." The belief that a
higher personality who is the most honest and moral should represent the nation is another
component of Fascism. Mussolini believed that "a multitude unified by an idea and imbued with the
will to live, the will to power, self–consciousness, personality" is the ideal nation. Fascism is a
religious concept because this doctrines states that man has a part of a "spiritual society." This
concept not only involves the government, but also individual thoughts. Fascism supports the theory
that in history a man is a man only through the spiritual process that he contributes to as a
constituent of the nation (Mussolini, 2). When Mussolini came into power, as a dictator, he made
many political decisions that were influenced by his theory of Fascism. Mussolini permitted the
government to suspend media that slandered the Church, government, or the state. Sawdust Caesar,
as he was also known as during his rule, created the OVRA which was a secret police force. The
OVRA was established so that the officers would keep a vigil for individuals who may not be
following political and governmental policies. He took away the rights of Italian citizens such as
their freedom of speech, suffrage, and their right to criticize the government. Mussolini had a "thirst
for military glory." His

Florence, Italy And Italy
"Florence, Italy is located in the Tuscany section of Italy with an area of thirty–nine square miles. In
2006, there were 366,488 people residing within Florence 's city limits, while the Metropolitan Area
of Florence, Prato, and Pistoia, was home to about 1.5 million people. In the five years between
2002 and 2007, the population of Florence grew by 3.22 percent, while Italy as a whole grew by
3.56 percent. As of 2006, 90.45 percent of the population was Italian. The largest immigrant group,
which came from other European countries (mostly from Albania and Romania), constituted 3.52
percent, East Asia (mostly Han Chinese and Filipino made up 2.17 percent, the Americas 1.41
percent, and North Africa] (mostly Moroccan) 0.9 percent. Florentine (Fiorentino), spoken by
inhabitants of Florence and its environs, is a Tuscan dialect and an immediate parent language to
modern Italian." Italy is one of the stronger nations in Europe. It is a boot–shaped peninsula on the
southern corner of Europe and is slightly larger than the state of Arizona. Italy also controls the two
large islands Sicily and Sardinia. The concept of a unified Italy is one that has come to blossom in
recent years. The state of Italy was first organized as a constitutional monarchy under King Victor
Emmanuel II in 1861, and Rome joining in 1870. In 1922, the Fascist party led Mussolini, began to
take control over the country Italy, eventually leading to a tremendous defeat in World War II. The
modern Italian

Count Camillo Benso Di Cavour

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