This document provides an overview of counseling as presented by Fatma Ibrahim Abdel-latif Megahed. It begins with learning objectives and then defines counseling, discusses its importance and types. It outlines key elements and principles of counseling as well as skills used. The document then discusses informed consent, characteristics of counselors, their role and steps in the counseling process. It concludes with applications and problems of counseling. The overall presentation provides a comprehensive introduction to counseling.

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counseling
Presentation · November 2021
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4. Presented by
Fatma Ibrahim Abdel-latif Megahed
Family and community health
nursing, Egypt

5. Learning Objectives:
At the end of this lecture each student will be
able to:-
1. Define counseling.
2. Identify importanceof counseling.
3. Identify types of counseling.
4. Identify elements of counseling.
5. Identify principles of counseling.
6. List skills used in counseling.

6. Cont.
7. Identify counseling about informed consent.
8. List characters of counselor.
9. Identify role of the counselor.
10. Discuss Steps of counseling (technique of
counseling).
11. Identify application of counseling.
12. Identify problems in counseling.

7. 1) Introduction:
 Counselingdenotes “giving advice” It is a wider
procedure concerned with emotion as well as giving
information.
 The counselor is active and directs the individual in
making decisions and finding solutions to the
problems.

8. 2. Definition of counseling:
 Isa two way process through which the provider
helps the client make informeddecisionsabout
their health. it also helps them clarify, define.
Discussand understandtheir feelings, make their
own decisions,and resolvetheir own problems.
 Support process in which a counselorholds face to
face talkswith anotherperson to help him or her
solvea personal problem, or help improve that
person's attitude,behavior, or character.

9. 3. Importance of counseling:
 It helps to establish a trusting relationship.
 It helps the patients to exploretheir needs and
concerns.
 It helps client to make informed choices and
decisions.
 It supports correctactions.
 It helps clients understand what to do and remember
in order to maintain their health.

10. 4. Types of counseling:
A. Individual counseling.
B. Group counseling.

11. Cont.
A. Individual counseling:
 People come in to counseling looking looking for better
ways to relate to the world. They usually want to do this
on one to one basis with their counselor.
 It gives people time to focus on their life and comes up
with goals to help themselves & their relationship at home
and at work.

12. Cont.
B. Group counseling:
 People benefit from talking with others who are going
through the same types of experiences. In in it people
find that they are not alone. They meet other people
who are in different stages of growth but are on the
same to emotional wellbeing.
 The group as a wholediscuss issues to which all group
members can relate and from which they can learn.
 Group members supportone another in learning and
participating more effectivebehavior.

13. 5. Elements of counseling:
• Caring ----providing care and support for others.
• Challenging----- something new difficult that
needs a lot of skill and effort to do.
• Explorative----- exploreall the possibilities
before you make a decision.
• Confidential .
• Goes from the conscious to unconscious.
• Conclusive---- providing that something is true

14. Elements cont,…….
 Empowering---- givesomeone more control over
theirown life(information-education).
 Supportive-----giving help or encouragement.
 Informative-----providingclient with useful facts
or idea.
 Prescriptive----- saying how somethingshould be
done or someoneshould do.

15. 6. Principles for Good Counseling
1. Treat each client well. whatever their age, marital
status, ethnic group, sex.
2. Each client is a different person. Ask questions, listen,
and respond to each client's own needs, concerns, and
situation.
3. Give the right amount of information enough for the
client to make informed choices but not so much that
the client is overloaded.
4. Tailor and personalize information. Giveclients the
specific information that they need and want, and
help clients see what the information means to them.

16. Cont.
5. Counseling is a continuous process (it cannot be
restricted to problem-solvingsituations only but it is
continuous to prevent recurrence of the same
problem).
6. Counseling is a professional activity.
7. Counseling is alwaysgoal oriented.

17. 7. Skills used in counseling
Active Listening:
Active listening happens when you "listen for meaning".
The listener says very little but conveys empathy,
acceptance.
Body Language:
Developing encouraging body language can take some
practice. Remember that communication is 55% body
language, 38% tone and 7% words.
Asking Questions:
Asking questions - open and closed - is an important tool in
the counseling kit. They can help a person open up or close
them down.

18. Skills cont,………
Paraphrasing:
Paraphrasing is when you, the listener, restate what
the speakersaid - conveying empathy, acceptance
• Verbal and non- verbal communication.
• Use of simplelanguage.
• Encouragement.
• Reflecting feelings.
• Use visual illustrations.

19. Skills cont,…….
• Summary:
• A summary, in counseling, is when you focus on the
main points of a presentation or session in order to
highlight them.
Note Taking:
Note taking is the practice of writing down pieces of
information, often in a shorthand .

20.  Each client needs accurate,
adequate and clear information about his or her health
and any procedure to be performed.
 They should be able to make informed decisions about
their own health and participate in care plans.
8. Counseling about informed consent

21. 9. Characters of counselor.
1. Self-awareness/insight
2. Capableof building trusting relationships
3. Flexibilityin response styles.
4. Assessment and hypothesis skills.
5. Observationskills.
6. Abilityto care for self.

22. 10.Role of the counselor.
1. Orientation.
2. Helping emotionallydisturbed individual using
counseling techniques.
3. Helping other overcome their financial, health and
messing problems.
4. Evaluating and doing the follow -up work.

23. Cont.
5. Gaining cooperation from parents and other
personnel of the counseling process.
6. Maintaining up-to-date records of individuals
concerning counseling.
7. Arranging for referral service for those who need
them.

24. 11.Steps of counseling
In good counseling, providers and their clients often
go through a series of connected and overlapping
steps. These steps can be remembered by the letters in
the word GATHER.
g: greeting
providing friendly, respectful greeting makes the client
feel welcome.
All clients deserve understanding, respect, and
honesty from everyonethey meet.

25. How to make clients feel
welcome?
 Makesure each client is greeted in a friendly,
respectful way as soon as she or he comes in.
 Try to have places for clients to sit while they wait.
 Make the waiting area cheerful and interesting. For
example,you can find or make posters that give useful
health information.
 Have brochures and pamphlets for clients to look at.

26. CONT,……
 If a client will be examined or undergo a procedure,
explainwhat will happen clearlyand with reassurance.
 Be sure everyclient has privacy from being seen or
heard byothers during counseling and during any
physical examination or procedure.
 Tell clients that information about them and what they
say will not be repeated to others (confidentiality).
 Reassure and comfort clients if needed.

27. A: ASKING�
Why and How to Ask Questions?
Why ask questions?
• To learn why the client has come.
• To help the client express needs and wants.
• To help the client express feelingsand attitudes, and so
to learn how the client feels.

28. Cont,………
 To learn about behaviorand situations that could
affect the clients health and health choices.
 You may need to ask all clients certain questions for
your records. But the most important questions bring
out what clients really want and how they feel. The
best questions lead to answers that suggest more
questions like conversation between friends. No list of
standard questions suits all clients

29. How can you question effectively?
 Use a tone of voice that shows interest, concern,and friendliness.
 Use wordsthat clientsunderstand.
 Ask only one questionat a time. Wait withinterestforthe answer.
 Ask questionsthat encourageclientstoexpresstheirneeds. Examples
are: How would you feel if you became pregnantsoon? How doyou
think your spouse feelsabout family planning?
 Use wordssuch as thenand oh These wordsencourageclientsto keep
talking.
 Avoid starting questionswithwhy?.
 Ask the same questionin otherways if theclient has not understood.

30. T :TELLING
The provider tells the client information that helps the
client reach a decision and make an informed choice.
To make wise choices, clients need useful, understandable
information. To help with understanding, you can make
information both tailored and personalized.
Tailored information is information that helps the client
make a specific decision. you can learn what decisions the
client is facing. Then, in the Tell step, you can give specific
information that helps the client make those decisions. You
can skip information that makes no difference to the client.
Personalized information Personalizing information
helps the client understand what the information means to
her or him personally.

31. Tips To Help Clients Remember
 Keep it short. Choose the few most important points
that the client must remember.
 Keep it simple. Use short sentences and common
words that clients understand.
 Keep it separate. Keep important instructions
separate from information that does not need to be
remembered.
 Point out what to remember. For example,These 3
points are important to remember .Then list the 3
points.
 Put first things first. Givethe most important
information first. It will be remembered best.

32. Cont,…….
Organize. Put information in categories. For example: There
are 4 medical reasons to come back to the clinic.
Show as well as speak. Sample contraceptives, flip charts,
wall charts, and other pictures reinforce the spoken word.
Be specific. For example, check the IUD strings regularly is
not clear and not easy to follow.
Make links. Help clients find a routine event that reminds
them to act for example, When you first eat something each
day, think about taking your pill at that time.
Check understanding. Ask clients to repeat important
instructions. This helps them remember. Also, you can gently
correct any errors.
Send it home. Give the client simple print materials to take
home. Review this material with the client first.

33. H:HELP
 Help ClientsChoose
 Offer adviceas a health expert, but avoid making the
clients decisions for them.
 To help clients choose, ask them to think about their
plans and familysituations.
 Help clients think about the results of each possible
choice.
 Ask if the client wants anything made clearer.
 Check whether the client has made a cleardecision.
Specificallyask, What have you decided to do? Wait for
the client to answer.


34. E-Explain
 Explain What to Do?
 After the client has made a choice:
 Give supplies,if appropriate.
 Explain how to use the method or follow other
instructions. As much as possible.
 Describe possibleside effects and what to do if they
occur.

35. Cont,……..
 Explain when to come back for routine follow-upor
more supplies, if needed.
 Explain any medical reasons to return.
 Tell clients to come backwhenever they wish, or if
side effects bother them, or if there are medical
reasons to return.

36. R- Return
 Care for ContinuingClients
 All returning clients deserveattention, whatever their
reason for returning. Returning clients deserve just as
much attention as new clients.
 Here are 2 general rules for counseling returning
clients:

37. 12. Application of counseling:
A. Find out what the client wants.
B. Respond to what the client wants.

38. A. Find out what the client
wants.
To find out what the client wants, you can ask:
 How can we help you today? What would you like to
discuss?
 What has been your experience with your family
planning method (or other care)? Satisfied? Any
problems?
 Any new health problems since your last visit?

39. B. Respond to what the client
wants.
 If the client has problems, help resolve them. This
can include offering a new method or referring the
client elsewhere.
 If the client has questions, answer them.
 If the client needs more supplies, provide them
generously.
 If appropriate, check whether the client is using the
method correctly, and offer advice if not.

40. 13.Problems in counseling
1. Resistance to counseling.
2. Counseling individuals of different cultures.
3. Counseling individuals with strong
emotions.
4. Lack of awareness of value of counseling by
the public.
5. Lack of physical facilities, non-availability of
time and tools, training facilities for
counselors.
6. Inadequate administrative set up.

41. Thank you
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