blood transfusion

1. See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356221133
Blood Transfusion
Presentation · November 2021
CITATIONS
0
READS
227
1 author:
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
Guar gum & Iron deficiency anemia among the patients with inflammatory bowel disease View project
Fatma Ibrahim Abdel-Latif Megahed
Suez Canal University
30 PUBLICATIONS 7 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE
All content following this page was uploaded by Fatma Ibrahim Abdel-Latif Megahed on 15 November 2021.
The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

2. Blood Transfusion
Prepared by
Assistant lecturer / Fatma Ibrahim Abdel-latif

3. Out Lines:
1. Definition of blood transfusion.
2. Purposes of blood transfusion.
3. Safety guidelines of blood transfusion.
4. Assessment of blood transfusion.
5. Preparation.
6. Procedure.
7. Post procedure.

4. Definition:
is the intravenous administration of
whole blood or its components (Red
blood cells ; Platelets or a Fresh frozen
plasma) for therapeutic purpose.

5. Purposes:
• Restore intravascular volume with whole blood or
albumin, after surgery, trauma or hemorrhage.
• Restore the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood
with red blood cells.
• Provide clotting factors and/or platelets. As in the
case of hemophilia or disseminated intravascular
coagulopathy.

6. Safety guidelines of blood
transfusion
1. Administration of blood and blood components requires
meticulous attention to detail (e.g., preparation,
administration, and monitoring) to prevent life-threatening
transfusion reactions.
2. Ensure that each blood unit is correctly labeled; check
patient’s identification.
3. Two nurses should verify correct unit and correct patient
before administration.
4. Review agency policy and procedure regarding
administration of blood or blood products.

7. Safety guidelines cont.,:
5. A nurse must ensure that a blood sample has been collected and sent to the
laboratorywithin 72 hours for typing and compatibility screening.
6. In emergency situations rapid transfusion of cold blood may lead to
dysrhythmias and a reductionof core temperature.
7. Do not heat blood products in a microwave or with hot water because this is
dangerous and may destroy bloodcells.
8. Frequencyof vital signs monitoring needed.
9. Observe such as complaints of shortness of breath, hives, and/or chills and
reportingthis information to the nurse.

8. Assessment:
1. Verify health care provider’s order for specific blood
or blood product, date, time to begin transfusion,
duration, and any pre-transfusion or post- transfusion
medications to administer.
2. Obtain patient’s transfusion history and note known
allergies and previous transfusion reactions.

9. Assessment cont.,
3-Verify that IV cannula is patent and without complications such as
infiltration or phlebitis.
4-Assess laboratory values such as hematocrit, coagulation values,
platelet count.
5-Check that patient has properly completed and signed transfusion
consent before retrieving blood.
6-Know indications or reasons for transfusion (e.g., packed red blood
cells [PRBCs] for patient with low hematocrit level from
gastrointestinal bleeding or surgery blood loss).

10. Assessment cont.,
7-Obtain and record pre-transfusion baseline vital signs
(temperature, respirations, and blood pressure).
8-Assess patient’s need for IV fluids or medications
while transfusion is infusing.
9-Assess patient’s understanding of procedure and
rationale.

11. Equipement:
*Blood administrationset.
*Blood product.
*0.9 normal saline.
*Iv pole.
*Thermometer.

12. *Iv catheter(16-18)gauge.
*Tourniquet.
*Disposable gloves.
*Tape.
*Sphygmomanometer, Stethoscope.
*Antimicrobial swabs.

13. Preparation

14. Obtain blood component from blood
bank following agency protocol.

15. Policy for the Administration of Blood
and Blood Components

16. Complete identification and check as
required by agency:
*unit and hospital number.
*Client name, blood group and Rh type .
*Expiration date.
*Cross matching compatibility.
*Donor name, blood group and RH.
*Type and amount of blood product.
*Check blood bag for clots, bubbles, dark color
or cloudiness.

17. Preparation cont.,:
• Blood transfusion must be initiated within 30 minutes after release from laboratory
or blood bank.
• Check blood bag for any signs of contamination (i.e., clumping/clots, gas bubbles,
and purplish color) and presence of leaks.
• Both individuals verify patient and unit identification record process as directed by
agency policy.
• Empty urine drainage collection container or have patient void.
• Prepare needed equipment.
• Explain procedure for patient.
• Advice patient to report any chills, itching, or any abnormality.
• Perform hand washing and wearing gloves.

18. procedure

19. Hang container of 0.9 normal saline
with blood administration set to
initiate iv infusion.

20. Start iv infusionwith 18 or 16 gauge catheter,
keep iv open by starting flow of normal saline.

21. Take base line set of vital signs before beginning
transfusion.

22. *Clamp off 0.9 normal saline.

23. *Hang blood unit and connect blood product to
blood administration set, open clamp, fill drip
chamber and make sure filter is totally sub
merged in the blood.

24. Start administration slowly (no more than 25 -50
ml ) for first 15 minutes, stay with patient for the
first 5 to 15 minutes of transfusion.

25. Check vital signs every 5 minutes for
15 minutes for one hour then hourly
until one hour of infusion is
completed.
Observe patient for flushing ,itching ,dyspnea or
rash.

26. • Use blood warming device.
• Maintain the prescribed flow rate as ordered,
assess frequently for transfusion reaction.

27. When transfusion complete, clamp off blood
and begin to infuse 0.9 normal saline.

28. Post procedure

29. • Clean and return equipment.
• Remove gloves and wash hands.
• Assure that the patient is comfortable.
• Assess for any reactions on the patient.
• Continue to observe client for one hour.
• Record type, amount, and unit number of
blood administered, amount of normal saline,
time of transfusion begin and ended, return
blood transfusion bag to blood bank according
to agency policy.

30. View publication stats