Cosmic Adventure Episode 2.07 Secrets of MMXStephen Kwong
The MM experiment aimed to detect the aether wind by measuring the speed of light moving in different directions through the presumed aether medium. However, the experiment's underlying assumptions about light and aether were incorrect. It was assumed that light speed and aether speed would add or subtract vectorially, as Maxwell and Michelson believed. It was also assumed that the aether existed and could influence light. When the experiment found no effect on light speed, it highlighted fundamental flaws in these assumptions and helped lead to the theory of relativity.
Cosmic Adventure 3.01 Making of the Pandora's BoxStephen Kwong
Einstein grasped the Excalibur and mixed it with time, space, and coordinate transformation, resulting in the theory of special relativity. The mix involved all the basics of physics resulting in the Pandora's box of modern physics. It became hard to extricate except with Zyrkonian solutions.
Cosmic Adventure Episode 2.04 Where did these equations come from?Stephen Kwong
1) The document discusses the origins of Einstein's theory of relativity and how it stemmed from the ancient Greek concept of aether, which was thought to be the invisible medium permeating the universe through which light and other waves could propagate.
2) In the 19th century, James Clerk Maxwell's discovery that light is an electromagnetic wave led scientists like Maxwell to believe that aether must be the medium through which light waves travel, similar to how sound waves require air to travel.
3) Maxwell suggested an experiment to detect the motion of the Earth through the hypothetical aether medium by measuring the difference in the speed of light beams traveling perpendicular and parallel to the Earth's orbital motion around the Sun.
Lorentz and Fitzgerald picked up the MMX equation and developed the length contraction hypothesis to explain the failure of MMX. Lorentz transformation quation surface first time in history.
Cosmic Adventure Episode 2.05 Michelson's River AnalogyStephen Kwong
Albert Michelson accepted the challenge and started the experiment which changed the course of modern physics. He compared the aether motion to the flow of a river as the basic idea of his experiment.
Although the Michelson-Morley experiment iwas dead and buried, it had left behind a valuable legacy. The two speeds and their ratio began to surface for the first time in history and was picked up by Lorentz and Fitzgerald.
The second principle of Special Relativity Theory brought up a light which is unusual and unfamiliar. It is actually derived by the Michelson-Morley experiment as verified by the light path diagrams.
Cosmic Adventure Episode 2.07 Secrets of MMXStephen Kwong
The MM experiment aimed to detect the aether wind by measuring the speed of light moving in different directions through the presumed aether medium. However, the experiment's underlying assumptions about light and aether were incorrect. It was assumed that light speed and aether speed would add or subtract vectorially, as Maxwell and Michelson believed. It was also assumed that the aether existed and could influence light. When the experiment found no effect on light speed, it highlighted fundamental flaws in these assumptions and helped lead to the theory of relativity.
Cosmic Adventure 3.01 Making of the Pandora's BoxStephen Kwong
Einstein grasped the Excalibur and mixed it with time, space, and coordinate transformation, resulting in the theory of special relativity. The mix involved all the basics of physics resulting in the Pandora's box of modern physics. It became hard to extricate except with Zyrkonian solutions.
Cosmic Adventure Episode 2.04 Where did these equations come from?Stephen Kwong
1) The document discusses the origins of Einstein's theory of relativity and how it stemmed from the ancient Greek concept of aether, which was thought to be the invisible medium permeating the universe through which light and other waves could propagate.
2) In the 19th century, James Clerk Maxwell's discovery that light is an electromagnetic wave led scientists like Maxwell to believe that aether must be the medium through which light waves travel, similar to how sound waves require air to travel.
3) Maxwell suggested an experiment to detect the motion of the Earth through the hypothetical aether medium by measuring the difference in the speed of light beams traveling perpendicular and parallel to the Earth's orbital motion around the Sun.
Lorentz and Fitzgerald picked up the MMX equation and developed the length contraction hypothesis to explain the failure of MMX. Lorentz transformation quation surface first time in history.
Cosmic Adventure Episode 2.05 Michelson's River AnalogyStephen Kwong
Albert Michelson accepted the challenge and started the experiment which changed the course of modern physics. He compared the aether motion to the flow of a river as the basic idea of his experiment.
Although the Michelson-Morley experiment iwas dead and buried, it had left behind a valuable legacy. The two speeds and their ratio began to surface for the first time in history and was picked up by Lorentz and Fitzgerald.
The second principle of Special Relativity Theory brought up a light which is unusual and unfamiliar. It is actually derived by the Michelson-Morley experiment as verified by the light path diagrams.
Cosmic Adventure 4.5 Proving the LightsStephen Kwong
1) Starlight aberration is an astronomical phenomenon where stars appear shifted from their actual positions due to the motion of the Earth.
2) It was first discovered by James Bradley in 1725 and occurs because telescopes on Earth must be tilted to observe stars along the Earth's orbital path, as the telescope is moving relative to the incoming light.
3) The apparent shift can be explained by the fact that the speed of light entering the telescope combines with the velocity of the moving telescope, resulting in an apparent speed greater than the speed of light alone, according to classical vector addition rules.
Cosmic Adventure 3.9-10 World of Finite Light SpeedStephen Kwong
The document discusses how light acts as the carrier of images, allowing humans to see objects. It explains that light travels at a very fast speed of 300 million meters per second, but that there is still a delay in the delivery of images due to the time it takes light to travel from the object to the eyes. This delay means that what we see is actually from the past - the more distant the object, the longer ago the light was emitted. For example, light from the moon takes 1.28 seconds to reach Earth, while light from stars billions of light years away was emitted billions of years in the past. Due to this finite speed of light, the universe can be thought of as consisting of layers of different time periods
The history of light speed measurement from Galileo to Romer. The result confirmed the finite speed of light and the wrong concept of Aristotle, leading to a new world of vision
Cosmic Adventure 4:1-4 Earth vs ZyrkoniaStephen Kwong
The tournament between Earth and Zyrkonia finally started. The first subject of contention is the difference between conventional light and superlight.
Visonics is the optical study of light with finite speed. The Earth version similar to it is called Relativity. The two need to be compared and so started a tournament between Earth and Zyrkonia.
Cosmic Adventure 5.2 Visonic Transform Without MotionStephen Kwong
The case when v=0 not covered by Relativity. Delay timing happens normally in static cases. The static case leads to the universe in spatial and temporal layers.It is just the world we live in.
Cosmic Adventure 3.04-6 World of Infinite Light SpeedStephen Kwong
The document discusses ancient Greek ideas about the speed of light. It describes how the Greeks personified light as the goddess Iris, who served as a messenger. While some Greeks like Empedocles believed light had a finite speed, the dominant view held by Aristotle, Plato and others was that light traveled at infinite speed. This view of infinite light speed remained influential for over 2000 years. The document outlines various ancient Greek philosophers' perspectives on the nature and speed of light.
Cosmic adventure 5.9 Length Contraction at Rest in VisonicsStephen Kwong
This document discusses how the perception of a long object at rest is affected by the finite speed of light. It explains that we only see the object as it was in the past, since the light reaching our eyes was emitted some time ago. For a ruler at rest, the observer sees no difference in length, as the images arrive at the same time, though there is a time difference between images from each end. This time difference equals the length of the ruler divided by the speed of light. For a moving ruler, the situation is more complex as the positions of the ends are constantly changing.
Cosmic Adventure 5.1 Relative Motion in Special RelativityStephen Kwong
The classical equations of relative motion are translated by the theory of Special Relativity into relativistic equations. The origin of the Lorentz factor recapitulated.
Relativity, Visonics, Classical physics on acceleration. Different results in different views. Relativity results in lengthy and complicated equations, almost unworkable. But in visonics, apparent acceleration = actual acceleration.
Cosmic Adventure 5.3 Frames in Motion in RelativityStephen Kwong
The Einstein way of transforming time and location by the Lorentz factor, marking the departure from Newtonian physics. But why is it so is not explained.
Cosmic Adventure 4.9 Relative Motion in Classical MechanicsStephen Kwong
This document discusses relative motion and reference frames. It begins by explaining that relative motion occurs between two or more bodies, with each having its own coordinate system. When the observer and object are moving in a straight line, the coordinate systems can be aligned. It then presents two static reference systems, labeled with primes, that are separated by a distance s and both refer to the same object P. These can be combined into a single system. The document goes on to describe setting the two systems in motion, with the second system moving away from the first at a constant velocity v. It derives the relationship that the distance s between the systems after a time period Δt is s = vΔt. Finally, it provides the transformation equations
The document summarizes information about the Sun and discusses several particle physics experiments related to the Sun. It provides basic facts about the Sun such as its temperature, age, composition and total luminosity. It then discusses three specific topics - solar neutrinos, solar axions, and WIMPs in relation to the Sun. For solar neutrinos, it explains their production through the pp-chain and CNO cycle and discusses several past experiments that detected solar neutrinos such as Homestake, SAGE, GALLEX, Kamiokande and Super-Kamiokande, and SNO. It notes the "solar neutrino problem" of a discrepancy between predicted and observed solar neutrino fluxes. For solar axions, it defines what
The document discusses Newton's law of universal gravitation and how it applies to satellites orbiting Earth. It explains that satellites stay in orbit due to gravity, and that their orbital speed and period can be calculated using gravitational equations. The document also discusses weightlessness in space, the two types of mass, and Einstein's theory of relativity as it relates to gravity.
Verification of the Validity of Relativity PrincipleIOSR Journals
1. The document proposes a new experiment to verify Einstein's principle of relativity as it applies to light.
2. It suggests using the Earth as a frame of reference by setting up a light source and meter stick 10 km apart and observing the light rays at different times as the Earth rotates and revolves.
3. If the light rays hit the meter stick in the same spot all day, it would validate Einstein's principle, but if the spot changes it would invalidate the principle and require reevaluating special relativity.
"A Closer Look at the Moon" by innis1arguest9e5a8fc
The document calculates the velocity needed to travel from Earth to the Moon using data on the distance and travel time for Apollo 11. It finds that Apollo 11's average velocity of 5,069 km/hr was less than the minimum velocity the Saturn V rocket could provide of 25,200 mph. Therefore, the math shows that Apollo 11 could have achieved the velocity needed to travel to the Moon based on the rocket's capabilities.
Albert Einstein developed the theory of general relativity in 1915 to describe gravity as a geometric property of space and time. General relativity generalizes special relativity and Newton's law of universal gravitation, providing a unified description of gravity as a geometric property of space and time, or spacetime. The theory describes how massive objects curve spacetime and how space and time are dynamically interacted. It has been supported by substantial experimental evidence and is the current description of gravitation in modern physics.
Cosmic Adventure 4.5 Proving the LightsStephen Kwong
1) Starlight aberration is an astronomical phenomenon where stars appear shifted from their actual positions due to the motion of the Earth.
2) It was first discovered by James Bradley in 1725 and occurs because telescopes on Earth must be tilted to observe stars along the Earth's orbital path, as the telescope is moving relative to the incoming light.
3) The apparent shift can be explained by the fact that the speed of light entering the telescope combines with the velocity of the moving telescope, resulting in an apparent speed greater than the speed of light alone, according to classical vector addition rules.
Cosmic Adventure 3.9-10 World of Finite Light SpeedStephen Kwong
The document discusses how light acts as the carrier of images, allowing humans to see objects. It explains that light travels at a very fast speed of 300 million meters per second, but that there is still a delay in the delivery of images due to the time it takes light to travel from the object to the eyes. This delay means that what we see is actually from the past - the more distant the object, the longer ago the light was emitted. For example, light from the moon takes 1.28 seconds to reach Earth, while light from stars billions of light years away was emitted billions of years in the past. Due to this finite speed of light, the universe can be thought of as consisting of layers of different time periods
The history of light speed measurement from Galileo to Romer. The result confirmed the finite speed of light and the wrong concept of Aristotle, leading to a new world of vision
Cosmic Adventure 4:1-4 Earth vs ZyrkoniaStephen Kwong
The tournament between Earth and Zyrkonia finally started. The first subject of contention is the difference between conventional light and superlight.
Visonics is the optical study of light with finite speed. The Earth version similar to it is called Relativity. The two need to be compared and so started a tournament between Earth and Zyrkonia.
Cosmic Adventure 5.2 Visonic Transform Without MotionStephen Kwong
The case when v=0 not covered by Relativity. Delay timing happens normally in static cases. The static case leads to the universe in spatial and temporal layers.It is just the world we live in.
Cosmic Adventure 3.04-6 World of Infinite Light SpeedStephen Kwong
The document discusses ancient Greek ideas about the speed of light. It describes how the Greeks personified light as the goddess Iris, who served as a messenger. While some Greeks like Empedocles believed light had a finite speed, the dominant view held by Aristotle, Plato and others was that light traveled at infinite speed. This view of infinite light speed remained influential for over 2000 years. The document outlines various ancient Greek philosophers' perspectives on the nature and speed of light.
Cosmic adventure 5.9 Length Contraction at Rest in VisonicsStephen Kwong
This document discusses how the perception of a long object at rest is affected by the finite speed of light. It explains that we only see the object as it was in the past, since the light reaching our eyes was emitted some time ago. For a ruler at rest, the observer sees no difference in length, as the images arrive at the same time, though there is a time difference between images from each end. This time difference equals the length of the ruler divided by the speed of light. For a moving ruler, the situation is more complex as the positions of the ends are constantly changing.
Cosmic Adventure 5.1 Relative Motion in Special RelativityStephen Kwong
The classical equations of relative motion are translated by the theory of Special Relativity into relativistic equations. The origin of the Lorentz factor recapitulated.
Relativity, Visonics, Classical physics on acceleration. Different results in different views. Relativity results in lengthy and complicated equations, almost unworkable. But in visonics, apparent acceleration = actual acceleration.
Cosmic Adventure 5.3 Frames in Motion in RelativityStephen Kwong
The Einstein way of transforming time and location by the Lorentz factor, marking the departure from Newtonian physics. But why is it so is not explained.
Cosmic Adventure 4.9 Relative Motion in Classical MechanicsStephen Kwong
This document discusses relative motion and reference frames. It begins by explaining that relative motion occurs between two or more bodies, with each having its own coordinate system. When the observer and object are moving in a straight line, the coordinate systems can be aligned. It then presents two static reference systems, labeled with primes, that are separated by a distance s and both refer to the same object P. These can be combined into a single system. The document goes on to describe setting the two systems in motion, with the second system moving away from the first at a constant velocity v. It derives the relationship that the distance s between the systems after a time period Δt is s = vΔt. Finally, it provides the transformation equations
The document summarizes information about the Sun and discusses several particle physics experiments related to the Sun. It provides basic facts about the Sun such as its temperature, age, composition and total luminosity. It then discusses three specific topics - solar neutrinos, solar axions, and WIMPs in relation to the Sun. For solar neutrinos, it explains their production through the pp-chain and CNO cycle and discusses several past experiments that detected solar neutrinos such as Homestake, SAGE, GALLEX, Kamiokande and Super-Kamiokande, and SNO. It notes the "solar neutrino problem" of a discrepancy between predicted and observed solar neutrino fluxes. For solar axions, it defines what
The document discusses Newton's law of universal gravitation and how it applies to satellites orbiting Earth. It explains that satellites stay in orbit due to gravity, and that their orbital speed and period can be calculated using gravitational equations. The document also discusses weightlessness in space, the two types of mass, and Einstein's theory of relativity as it relates to gravity.
Verification of the Validity of Relativity PrincipleIOSR Journals
1. The document proposes a new experiment to verify Einstein's principle of relativity as it applies to light.
2. It suggests using the Earth as a frame of reference by setting up a light source and meter stick 10 km apart and observing the light rays at different times as the Earth rotates and revolves.
3. If the light rays hit the meter stick in the same spot all day, it would validate Einstein's principle, but if the spot changes it would invalidate the principle and require reevaluating special relativity.
"A Closer Look at the Moon" by innis1arguest9e5a8fc
The document calculates the velocity needed to travel from Earth to the Moon using data on the distance and travel time for Apollo 11. It finds that Apollo 11's average velocity of 5,069 km/hr was less than the minimum velocity the Saturn V rocket could provide of 25,200 mph. Therefore, the math shows that Apollo 11 could have achieved the velocity needed to travel to the Moon based on the rocket's capabilities.
Albert Einstein developed the theory of general relativity in 1915 to describe gravity as a geometric property of space and time. General relativity generalizes special relativity and Newton's law of universal gravitation, providing a unified description of gravity as a geometric property of space and time, or spacetime. The theory describes how massive objects curve spacetime and how space and time are dynamically interacted. It has been supported by substantial experimental evidence and is the current description of gravitation in modern physics.
Este documento describe el proceso de autoaprendizaje significativo, el cual involucra asimilar conocimientos existentes, analizarlos y evaluarlos críticamente para luego crear nuevos conceptos a través de la síntesis. El autoaprendizaje significativo se apoya en las TIC, seminarios, talleres y tutorías, así como en el aula virtual con sus diversos recursos. Además, señala que factores internos como las metas, la motivación y la disciplina son clave, al igual que factores externos para lograr un aprendizaje significativo de
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If you like nature of work in BPOs, nothing can be like jobs in BPO as they pay a handsome amount even to the fresher. So don't wait, Gratitude India is considered to be one of the best destinations for BPO jobs in Pune, Mumbai, Banglore and Delhi
El colesterol es una sustancia grasa natural que se encuentra en las células y es indispensable para el cuerpo humano. Existen dos tipos de colesterol: el HDL, que es bueno porque recoge el colesterol no utilizado y lo devuelve al hígado para su eliminación, y el LDL, que es malo porque se acumula en las arterias y aumenta el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Algunas formas de prevenir niveles altos de colesterol son hacer ejercicio diario, comer frutas, verduras
We do Technology Based Hi-Tech, Hi Yield and High Profitable Contract Farming for our Investors. Investor need not be a farmer or need not own a land. He/she just need to invest and we'll take care rest. All the best.
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Samia Mohamed Elwakil is seeking a new managerial position and has over 18 years of experience in senior level management positions in the pharmaceutical industry in Egypt and the United States, including positions as a director of pharmacy, procurement director, and national sales manager, with qualifications in supply chain management, purchasing, sales, and leadership. She holds an MBA in supply chain management and has worked in hospitals, pharmacies, and pharmaceutical distribution companies.
Overall description of Pretransa Die Casting Machines. We produce one of the finest die casting machinery in the world with a surprinsingly low investment.
This document provides an introduction to computer systems. It outlines 9 topics that will be covered, including the characteristics and types of computers, input/output devices, the CPU including control unit, ALU and registers, bus types, storage, and software. The document is intended as an overview of the key components that make up a computer system.
El documento presenta una lista de plantas nativas de América con sus nombres comunes y científicos, así como la familia a la que pertenecen. Se mencionan más de 50 especies de plantas, principalmente hierbas, con información taxonómica básica de cada una. Las familias más representadas son Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae y Araceae.
The document discusses exceptions in Java. It defines exceptions as unwanted events that occur at runtime and disrupt normal program flow. Exception handling involves catching and handling exceptions. There are two types of exceptions - errors that cannot be handled programmatically, and exceptions that can be handled with alternative code. Try, catch, and finally blocks are used to handle exceptions gracefully. Finally blocks ensure code is always executed even if an exception occurs. Custom exceptions can be created by extending the Exception class and providing a string constructor. Exceptions are thrown intentionally using the throw keyword or occur unexpectedly at runtime.
Este documento es el Manual de Dispositivos Uniformes de Control de Tránsito (MUTCD) de 2009, que establece las normas nacionales para los dispositivos de control de tráfico en Estados Unidos. El MUTCD describe los diferentes tipos de señales, semáforos y otros dispositivos utilizados para regular, advertir y guiar el tráfico vehicular y peatonal. También establece las normas para la aplicación uniforme de estos dispositivos y los plazos para su cumplimiento. El propósito del MUTCD es mejorar la seg
Stress by itself may not be bad as it may push you to work harder. However, if it leaves you feeling drained, empty and anxious then it is defeating the purpose.If you feel this way then here is a list of things you should do to relax and unwind yourself.
This curriculum vitae outlines the educational and professional qualifications of Arjun Vijaya. It summarizes that he completed a diploma in 3D animation in 2009 and graduated with distinction in printmaking in 2007. It also lists his various professional experiences working as a graphic designer, freelance artist, and gallery assistant from 2009 to the present. Finally, it outlines his participation in numerous art exhibitions, workshops, and extracurricular activities.
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The document provides background information on Einstein's special theory of relativity. It discusses the two postulates of special relativity: 1) the principle of relativity, and 2) the constancy of the speed of light. It then summarizes some key consequences of special relativity, including time dilation, length contraction, relativistic Doppler effect, relativistic mass, mass-energy equivalence, and Lorentz transformations. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculations for these various consequences.
This document discusses key concepts from special relativity. It begins with an example of measuring the rate of dripping water from a pot on a moving train from the perspective of an observer on the train (Ali) and an observer on the ground (Baba). It notes that both measurements are equally valid and can be related using Lorentz transformations. It then discusses that events can be considered from any reference frame, with no frame being superior, and that the choice of reference frame is a matter of convenience. It also explains that accurately locating events requires accounting for the finite speed of light to avoid simultaneity issues. Overall, the document introduces the idea that the laws of physics must appear the same in all reference frames according to Einstein's principle
The document summarizes some key aspects of Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity in an entertaining way. It explains that (1) nothing can travel faster than the speed of light, which is constant for all observers; (2) as objects approach the speed of light, time slows down, length contracts, and mass increases to account for the constant speed of light; and (3) these effects have been observed in particle accelerators where particles swell in mass as they near the speed of light.
This document discusses key concepts from special relativity including:
1) Events occur at specific places and times and are observed from inertial reference frames using coordinates and clocks.
2) The two postulates of special relativity are: 1) the laws of physics are the same in every inertial reference frame, and 2) the speed of light has the same value in any inertial reference frame.
3) Time dilation describes how clocks in different inertial frames running at different speeds measure elapsed time differently according to the time dilation formula provided.
This document discusses Newton's second law of motion and how it relates to momentum and force. It argues that momentum, not force, is the more fundamental concept. Newton's second law, which states that force equals mass times acceleration (F=ma), can instead be expressed as the change in momentum over time. This recognizes that acceleration results from a change in velocity due to momentum transfer between objects in contact. Force is thus a result of the transfer of momentum, rather than the cause of motion or acceleration as was initially thought. Momentum is therefore the more basic concept in describing changes in motion.
Newton's second law describes how acceleration is produced when a force acts on an object. It states that the acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. The document discusses how Newton's second law can be understood in terms of momentum change rather than force, with force representing the rate of change of momentum. It also discusses how concepts from Chinese martial arts like qi and kung fu provide insights into understanding force and momentum as energy that can be transferred between objects.
CM [010] Galileo's Acceleration & Newton's LawsStephen Kwong
Second part of Newton's first law and the second law is in concern with acceleration and force. This was precursored by Galileo Galilee just a generation before Newton.
Cosmic Adventure 5.6 Time Dilation in RelativityStephen Kwong
1) Time dilation describes the phenomenon where time passes at different rates for observers in different reference frames that are in motion relative to each other.
2) The proper time between two events is the time interval measured by an observer in the rest frame of the events. For observers in different frames, the time interval is dilated compared to the proper time.
3) Experiments have verified time dilation, such as atomic clocks on airplanes or the lifetime of muons. The twin paradox describes how a twin that travels in a rocket will age less than their identical twin who remains on Earth, even though each twin was stationary in their own reference frame.
PM [07] Cyclical Central Processes (Revised)Stephen Kwong
The centripetal and centrifugal forces act together on the particle alternatively to produce circular motion. But in current physics, centrifugal force is non-existent.
1. Special relativity describes the laws of physics in different inertial reference frames where the speed of light in a vacuum is constant. It includes time dilation and length contraction effects at relativistic speeds.
2. General relativity describes gravity as a consequence of the curvature of spacetime caused by the uneven distribution of mass/energy. It predicts phenomena like gravitational time dilation, gravitational lensing, and the bending of light by massive objects.
3. Both theories have been validated experimentally through observations of subatomic particles, GPS satellites, and images of distant galaxies. They form the basis of modern physics.
Newton established three laws of motion that described the relationship between forces and motion. The first law stated that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Galileo established through experiments that acceleration increases the speed of falling objects at a steady rate, with distance traveled being proportional to the square of time. The document discusses reexamining Newton's laws and modifying the first law to state that an object is carried by its momentum rather than being motivated by forces. It also explores the relationship between force, changes in motion, and acceleration.
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The speed of light in a vacuum was long thought to be constant - indeed, this is still a commonly-held conception today. New discoveries in New Energy science, however, are showing that the speed of light can effectively be increased within a localized space by reducing the density of virtual particles within that space. This discovery has large implications for the future of space travel and possibly also for anti-aging therapies.
Nature is quirky. Whenever things don't quite match up, She changes them so they will. The results often seem to be bizarre and nonsensical, but the more you study it you realize how profoundly wise Nature is. It all started with a thought experiment that Einstein said he came up with at around the age of 16. The young Einstein wondered what would happen if he chased a light beam and caught up with it. This essay describes two of the most important discoveries in science: The Special Theory of Relativity and the General Theory of Relativity. Both of these discoveries were made by a single man, Albert Einstein, over a period of one decade (1905 – 1915). This essay is directed at an audience of amateur scientists like myself. I will approach these two theories on the basis of their underlying principles, deriving as much as possible using basic geometry and a bit of elementary calculus. I will not go into the depth needed to become a “relativist.” Mastery of general relativity would require a good working knowledge of tensors, which is beyond the scope of this essay. Nevertheless, I think amateur scientists like myself will get something useful out of it.
Similar to Cosmic Adventure Episode 02-02 to 03 (20)
The document discusses the history of understanding the Milky Way galaxy. It describes how ancient cultures had different names for the Milky Way. In the 1600s, Galileo first observed the Milky Way through a telescope and realized it was made up of countless stars. In the 1700s, Thomas Wright hypothesized that the Milky Way was a large collection of stars forming a flat disk. Later astronomers like Herschel, Kapteyn, and Shapley made maps of the Milky Way galaxy and helped establish its size and shape, believing it constituted the entire universe until the 1920s.
A series of satellite projects to secure more and better images of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) since 1980. Age of universe estimated to be 13.73 billion years.
CA 10.01 Discovery of CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background)Stephen Kwong
Discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson in the 1960s. Found to be the relic radiation from the beginning of the Universe. One of the greatest discovery in science history so far.
CA 5.11 Velocity Transform in Relativity & VisonicsStephen Kwong
The kinematic entity of velocity is transformed in the Theory of Relativity by the Lorentz transformation of frames; in visionics, by delayed images. Simpler results in visonics.
This document proposes a composition for LinkedIn-SlideShare. It suggests creating a 3 slide presentation to share on LinkedIn highlighting key achievements and expertise. The presentation should include an intro slide with a headline and photo, a middle slide with 2-3 bullet points summarizing relevant experience and achievements, and a final slide with a call to action and contact details.
Cosmic Adventure 5.10 Length Contraction on the Move in VisonicsStephen Kwong
1. The document describes an experiment measuring the length of a moving object using two synchronized clocks, one stationary and one moving with the object.
2. As the moving clock moves away from the stationary clock at a constant velocity, it emits an image of itself at the starting time to the observer.
3. By the time the image reaches the observer, both clocks have ticked forward in time, but the image remains fixed at the starting time.
4. Comparing the times on the clocks and the distances traveled allows calculating the observed length as contracted from the true rest length by a factor related to the object's velocity.
Cosmic Adventure 5.8 Time Dilation of Clocks in Motion in VisonicsStephen Kwong
Time dilation phenomenon for clocks on the move in visonics. The result is the same as clocks at rest since the speed of light is not affected by the motion of the source.
The concept of length contraction in traditional theory of Special Relativity. Although seemingly verified by many experiment, its reality still remains controversial and pending amendment.
Cosmic adventure 5.4 Moving Objects in VisonicsStephen Kwong
The visonic version of objects in motion. The approach is different from relativity and the results are also different. But they are all realistic and classical.
Cosmic adventure 4.6 Superlight in ActionStephen Kwong
This document discusses new equations for starlight aberration that are different from classical equations. It notes that the new equations are complicated and difficult to understand. Several people agree that it would be better for Dr. Einstein to explain the equations from the fundamentals, starting with positioning, in order to help analyze and improve judgment of the new theory. Galileo Galilei is requested to start the explanation with his equations on positioning.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/