The document discusses how light acts as the carrier of images, allowing humans to see objects. It explains that light travels at a very fast speed of 300 million meters per second, but that there is still a delay in the delivery of images due to the time it takes light to travel from the object to the eyes. This delay means that what we see is actually from the past - the more distant the object, the longer ago the light was emitted. For example, light from the moon takes 1.28 seconds to reach Earth, while light from stars billions of light years away was emitted billions of years in the past. Due to this finite speed of light, the universe can be thought of as consisting of layers of different time periods

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IMAGE CARRIERS
Cosmic Adventure 3.09

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An Object Emits or
Reflects Light
Every object in this universe
either emits or reflects light.

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Light & Vision
We can see an object because its light brings the images to our eyes. Light
is the visual image carrier in our lives.

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Our eyes intercept the light and
interpret them as the images in our
mind. This is the way how we can see.

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Image Carriers
In such a way, light is
serving as the carrier of
images, bringing us the
enjoyment of vision.

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Speed of Light too Fast
Light travels at a speed of about
300,000,000 meters per second.
This is an astronomical figure.
There is nothing in our daily life
that comes anywhere near to it.
For example, the speed of
sound is only 343.2 meters per
second; even supersonic speeds
of 5 or six times greater than
the speed of sound are only
about 1,500 meters per second.

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Light too fast to be
Detected
In ordinary life, light is so fast
that this delay is not
perceptible. To cover a distance
of one meter, light only takes
about 3 × 10−9
second.
Even in the larger scale, light
takes only 1 second to circle
the earth ten times.
That is why when Galileo
Galilee tried to measure the
speed of light using crude
equipment, he could not find
anything.

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26.8
70
100
770
13,000
66,641
671,000,000
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
Light
Earth
Jet
Sound
Baseball
Cheetah
Fastest
Runner
Speed in miles per hourSpeed in km per hour
109,870,000
107,244
20,921
1,239
161
113
43
Comparison of Some Speed Samples

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DELAY IN IMAGE DELIVERY
Cosmic Adventure 3.10

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Light Takes Time to Travel
But no matter how fast light travel, it still needs time to cover a distant, no
matter how small the distance is. For an object one meter away, light from
it takes 3.3 nanoseconds (10-9 second to reach our eyes; for an object one
kilometer away, light from it takes 3.3 microseconds to reach our eyes. (A
microsecond is a unit of time equal to one millionth or 10-6 of a second.)

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Delayed Vision
This means that by the time light from an object
reaches our eye, some length of time must have
elapsed. This is the delay of image delivery.
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = ∆𝑡

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In the astronomical scale, the difference is more
appreciable. Take for example, the moon is
384,400 km away from the earth and the speed
of light is 299,799 km per second. The time
taken for its light to reach earth is:
384,400 𝑘𝑚
299,799 𝑘𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
= 1.28 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
About 1.28 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑

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The light from the sun, which is about 3 × 1011
metres away, will take light to travel about 8 minutes
in space before reaching earth.
About 8 minutes

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Another example:
The galaxy of Andromeda is 2,538,000 light years away from the earth.
A light year is the time taken for light to travel in one year – covering
about 9 trillion kilometers (about 6 trillion miles). This is the time in
years needed for its light to reach earth.
2,538,000 𝐿𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠

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Remember how Römer
discovered the speed of light
due to the delay in time
obvious in astronomical
observation?
Ole Römer Discovered
the speed of Light
Jupiter
Io
Earth moving
towards Jupiter
Io hides
behind
Jupiter
and
becomes
invisible
Earth moving away
from Jupiter

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Time & Distance Gap
What we see are only images
delivered to our eyes by light
coming from a source some
time ago. In general, there is
always a time delay in
messages which need light as a
carrier, no matter how short
the distance is between the
observer and the observed.
Observer Observed

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𝒄
So distant objects are all old ones at various time in the past.

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inmillionsofyears
inminutes
inmicroseconds
SEQUENCES OF IMAGES
Optical Phenomena due to the Finite speed of light

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𝑑 = 𝑣𝑡
Classical Position in Infinite Light Speed
The actual position of a moving object is now not what they appear to be
because it take time for light to carry their images to the observer
𝑣
Image

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Universe
in Antiquity
The proper time and
place for the heavens
beyond the clouds are
now trillions of years
away from us and
their images will take
trillions of years to
reach our eyes.
Trillion
light
years
away
Light
years
away
Nano
seconds
away

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Universe with Finite
Light Speed
Now the scenes appearing in
front of us are all layered in
time. The oldest scenes
appear at the farthest.

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Layers of Spheres
Because of the finite nature of
light speed, our world is
actually made up of lays of
time spheres

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Multi-Time Universe
With the idea of finite light
speed confirmed, we now
know that we are living in a
world of multiple-time layers.
That is what appears to us is
a universe made up of scenes
from different times.
This is an universal
phenomenon. It happens to
to all things, everywhere in
this universe, large or small.

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EINSTEIN, RELATIVITY, AND VISONICS
Cosmic Adventure 3.11