This document summarizes cortical areas of the brain and their functions. It lists various brain areas including Broca's area, Wernicke's area, the frontal eye field, the primary visual area, secondary visual area, primary motor area, secondary motor area, primary somatosensory area, secondary somatosensory area, primary auditory area, secondary auditory area, the angular gyrus, and the prefrontal cortex. For each area, it provides the name, location in the brain, and common lesions or effects of lesions in that area, such as different types of aphasia, visual field defects, motor or sensory deficits, or other cognitive impairments.

1. CORTICAL AREAS OF BRAIN
AREA NAME LESIONS NO. LOCATION
Broca’s motor area
of speech
Expressive aphasia 44,45 Inferior frontal gyrus
Wernicke’s sensory
area of speech
Receptive Aphasia Superior&Middle
temporal gyrus
Frontal Eye field
for voluntary eye
movements&
accommodation
DESTRUCTIVE
LESION:Deviation of
eyes to the side of
lesion
IRRITATIVE
LESION:Periodic
deviation of eyes to
opposite side
6,7,8 Centre of middle
temporal gyrus
Gustatory Area for
taste
3,2,1 Inferior part of
postcentral gyrus
Olfactory Area Uncus
Primary Visual area #Crossed Homonymous
hemianopia
ABOVE THE CALCARINE
FISSURE:Inferior
quadrantic hemianopia
BELOW THE CALCARINE
FISSURE:
Superior quadrantic
hemianopia
17 Medial surface of
occipital lobe,Lips of
posterior part of
calcarine fissure

2. Secondary visual
area
#Loss of ability to
recognize objects in the
opposite field of vision
because the part of
cortex that stores past
visual experiences is
lost.
18,19
Primary Motor
area
#Contralateral paralysis
of extremities
#IRRITATION:Jacksonian
epileptic seizures
4 Precentral gyrus
Secondary Motor
area
#Difficulty in skilled
movements
#Muscle strength
unaffected
6
Primary
Somesthetic area
#Contralateral sensory
disturbances
#PTT return but not the
precision&degree of
warmth
#Muscle tone lost
3,2,1 Postcentral gyrus
Secondary
somesthetic
area
No recognizable sensory
defect
Somesthetic
Association
area
Astereognosis(Inability
to combine
touch,pressure&proprio
ceptive impulses to
appreciate
size,texture&form when

3. eyes are kept closed)
Primary
Auditory
area
Unilateral
destruction
Bilateral
destruction
#Bilateral hearing loss
greater in opposite ear
#Complete deafness
41,42 Floor of lateral
sulcus,Superior
temporal gyrus
Secondary
auditory
area
Word deafness,Acoustic
verbal agnosia,Inability
to interpret sounds
Posterior to
primary
auditory area
Auditory
association
area
22
Dominant
Angular
Gyrus
Agraphia(Inability to
write)
Alexia(Inability to read)
Posterior
part of
sup.parietal
lobule
PhirMohabbat [.mp3
Neglect
syndrome(Inability to
recognize the opposite
side of body)
Prefrontal
cortex
#Euphoria(Sensation of
well-being)
#Inacceptance of social
behavior
#Carelessness of dress

4. or appearence
Insula Difficulty in pronouncing
phonemes&they often
produce sounds that are
close to target but not
exactly correct
Reference: Snell’s Neuroanatomy