It is defined as an impairment of heart function due to inadequate blood flow to the heart compared to its needs, caused by obstructive changes in the coronary circulation to the heart.
Heart of the Matter - Ali Ahmad, MD, FACC - Livingston Library - 1.6.2020Summit Health
Heart disease is the leading killer of adults nationwide and it carries a significant morbidity for the population at risk. Learn about traditional and non-traditional risk factors associated with coronary artery disease, and how to modify your risk and prevent heart disease. Also, learn about how heart disease affects different ethnic backgrounds, particularly the high-risk groups, such as South Asians.
What Pre-Diabetes Is And What The Risk Factors Are For Pre-DiabetesJamie Madsen
Prevention is always the best way and is even more important with diabetes and the various symptoms of diabetes especially if you think you or a loved one is at risk and are wondering what pre-diabetes is and what the risk factors for pre-diabetes are. Not being ignorant of your risk factors will help you determine the actions you need to take to reduce your risks of developing diabetes and the various symptoms of diabetes.
Diabetes is a serious, chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin (a hormone that regulates blood glucose), or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces (1). Raised blood glucose, a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes, may, over time, lead to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves. More than 400 million people live with diabetes.
An Introduction to non-communicable diseases, its characteristics, development process, risk factors and ways to manage them. An elaborated description of Healthy lifestyle including healthy dietary advices, Physical activities, Stress management etc.
Heart of the Matter - Ali Ahmad, MD, FACC - Livingston Library - 1.6.2020Summit Health
Heart disease is the leading killer of adults nationwide and it carries a significant morbidity for the population at risk. Learn about traditional and non-traditional risk factors associated with coronary artery disease, and how to modify your risk and prevent heart disease. Also, learn about how heart disease affects different ethnic backgrounds, particularly the high-risk groups, such as South Asians.
What Pre-Diabetes Is And What The Risk Factors Are For Pre-DiabetesJamie Madsen
Prevention is always the best way and is even more important with diabetes and the various symptoms of diabetes especially if you think you or a loved one is at risk and are wondering what pre-diabetes is and what the risk factors for pre-diabetes are. Not being ignorant of your risk factors will help you determine the actions you need to take to reduce your risks of developing diabetes and the various symptoms of diabetes.
Diabetes is a serious, chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin (a hormone that regulates blood glucose), or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces (1). Raised blood glucose, a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes, may, over time, lead to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves. More than 400 million people live with diabetes.
An Introduction to non-communicable diseases, its characteristics, development process, risk factors and ways to manage them. An elaborated description of Healthy lifestyle including healthy dietary advices, Physical activities, Stress management etc.
prevention of heart attacks is the theme on this world heart day.heart disease is increasing in india like an epidemic & affecting younger people with more mortality
CAD is spreading like an epidemic in south east Asia,esp india where its affecting younger ppl with grave prognosis. due to limited resourses, primary prevention becomes the most important tool to arrest this epidemic
The word cohort is derived from the Latin "cohorts," meaning an enclosure, company, or crowd.
Taken in English from 17c. as a living prefix meaning "together, mutually, in common,“
In Roman times, a cohort was a 300—600 infantry body.
Group of people who share a common characteristic or experience within a defined time period.
Age [Birth cohort]
Occupation exposure cohort
Exposure to drugs or vaccine
Pregnancy cohort
Insured person cohort
Marriage cohort
The term “Demography” is the statistical and mathematical study of the human population's size, composition, and spatial distribution and of changes over time in these aspects through the operation of five fertility processes: mortality, marriage, migration, and social mobility.
Usually, the demographic data are drawn from various sources such as:
National censuses,
Civil registration systems,
and sample surveys.
A cross-sectional study is a descriptive study in which disease and exposure status are measured simultaneously in a given population.
It measures
the prevalence of health outcomes(also called prevalence study)
or determinants of health,
or both,
In a population at a point in time or over a short period.
When the investigator draws a sample out of the study population of interest and examines all the subjects to detect
those having the disease/outcome
and those not having this disease/outcome of interest.
At the same time, finds out whether or not they have the presence of
the suspected cause (exposure)
(or give a History of such exposure in the past),
is called the Cross-sectional analytic study.
Sampling is selecting observations (a sample) to provide an adequate description and inferences of the population.
Sample:
A is “a smaller (but hopefully representative) collection of units from a population used to determine truths about that population” (Field, 2005)
The sampling frame
A list of all elements or other units containing the elements in a population.
Agriculture is one of the occupations most exposed to various hazards. It is also associated with the highest rate of adverse health outcomes each year worldwide . Agricultural workers have been shown to be exposed to a variety of chemical hazards, such as pesticides and other chemical substances . Farm work may also expose workers to strenuous physical exercise and an extreme environment (i.e., low temperatures). Furthermore, during their daily activities, agricultural workers operate various types of vehicles, machinery, and equipment , which can result in excessive exposures to noise and vibration . It has been suggested that these occupational exposures increase the risk of musculoskeletal disorders due to the harmful effects of biomechanical and physical factors.
Workers may be exposed to various types of occupational hazards at the same time, potentially increasing the risk of adverse health outcomes.
Epidemiology & Control Measures of Mumps.pptxAB Rajar
Mumps is best known for the puffy cheeks and tender, swollen jaw that it causes. This is a result of swollen salivary glands under the ears on one or both sides, often referred to as parotitis. Other symptoms that might begin a few days before parotitis include: Fever. Headache.
Epidemiology & Control Measures of Measles.pptxAB Rajar
It is an acute highly infectious disease of childhood caused by a specific virus of the group myxovirus.
One of the top five causes of vaccine-preventable deaths in the world
Easy to prevent – the vaccine costs less than US$1 and gives life-long immunity
Found in every part of the world – measles outbreaks have taken place on every continent and in all climates
One of the most contagious diseases – 90% of those exposed to the measles virus will catch it if they do not have immunity
SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), also known as IBM SPSS Statistics, is a software package used for the analysis of statistical data. Although the name of SPSS reflects its original use in the field of social sciences, its use has since expanded into other data markets.
The second major type of observational epidemiology
The subject of interest is individual
The object is testing of hypothesis:
Two distinct type
Case-Control Study
Cohort Study
These studies determine the statistical association between RF & diseases and if yes the strength of the association
Also c/d “retrospective studies”
First approach to test causal hypothesis
Also c/d “retrospective studies”
First approach to test causal hypothesis
Use two group cases & control
Has three distinct features
Both exposure & outcome (disease) occurred before the start of the study
The study proceeds backward from effect to cause
It uses a control or comparison group to support or refute an inference
Introduction to Descriptive Epidemiology.pptxAB Rajar
Descriptive Epidemiology is a branch of observation epidemiology, which particularly study about disease frequency and pattern by time, place, and person.
It deals with the distribution and determinants of the factors related to health or disease in the concerned population.
It measures the magnitudes of the disease or other health-related disorder in the form of incidence and prevalence
Epidemiology includes assessment of the distribution (including describing demographic characteristics of an affected population), determinants (including a study of possible risk factors), and the application to control health problems (such as closing a restaurant).
These lectures will help the students in understanding of basic principles, concepts, and definitions of the subject.
School health services is a branch of preventive medicine which deals with medical inspection of school children and their health protection, primarily in the environment of the school.
The water cycle describes the processes that drive the movement of water throughout the hydrosphere.
Nature recycles the earth's water supply through a process known as the water cycle or hydrologic cycle.
Snake bite is an injury caused by a bite from a snake, often resulting in puncture wounds inflicted by the animal’s fangs & some times resulting in envenomation
Personal hygiene is defined as the principle of maintaining cleanliness and grooming of the external body.
Maintaining a high level of personal hygiene will help to increase self esteem and confidence.
Family; It is a group of people emotionally involved and related either by blood, marriage or adoption; responsible for the reproduction and rearing of children, & living together.
Air plays a vital role in our lives.
It is our immediate environment and performs following Functions:
Supply oxygen for living
Supply CO2 to plants
Helps in smelling
Helps in listening.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
3. INTRODUCTION
• Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) comprise of a group of diseases of
the heart and the vascular system.
• The major conditions are;
• Ischemic heart disease (stroke).
• Congenital heart disease.
• Rheumatic heart disease (RHD).
Email:drabrajar@gmail.com
4. Definition
• It is defined as an impairment of heart function due to inadequate
blood flow to the heart compared to its needs, caused by obstructive
changes in the coronary circulation to the heart.
Email:drabrajar@gmail.com
5. Types
• Angina pectoris
• Myocardial infarction
• Irregularities of the heart
• Cardiac failure
• Sudden death.
Email:drabrajar@gmail.com
6. Problem statement (World)
• Non-communicable diseases accounts about 36m.
• Just half of these 17.9 million people died from CVDs in 2016.
• It is 31% of all global deaths.
• Of these deaths, 85% are due to heart attack and stroke.
• Over ¾ of CVD deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries.
• Out of the 17 million premature deaths (under the age of 70) due to NCD in
2015,
• 82% are in low- and middle-income countries, and 37% are caused by CVDs.
Email:drabrajar@gmail.com
12. Prevention of CHD.
I. Population Strategy
II. High risk Strategy
III. Secondary prevention.
Email:drabrajar@gmail.com
13. Ⅰ-Population Strategy
• PRINCIPLE
• Small change in risk factors in total population can result in biggest
reduction in mortality.
– A.Primordial Prevention.
– B.Prevention in whole population.
I. Dietary changes
II. Smoking
III. Blood Pressure
IV. Physical Activity
Email:drabrajar@gmail.com
14. A.Primordial Prevention.
• It consists of actions and measures that inhibit the
emergence and spread of risk factors CHD in the form of:
– Environmental,
– Economic,
– Social,
– Behavioral conditions
– and cultural patterns of living.
Email:drabrajar@gmail.com
15. B.Prevention in whole population.
• Ⅰ-DIETARY CHANGES:
• ↓↓ fate intake to 20-30% of total energy intake.
• ↓↓ saturated fat less than 10% total energy intake.
• ↑↑ HDL more than 30mg/dl
• ↓↓ dietary cholesterol to below 100mg/100 kcal/day.
• ↑↑ complex carbohydrate use.
• ↓↓ salt intake to 5g/day or less
• Avoidance of alcohol
Email:drabrajar@gmail.com
16. B.Prevention in whole population.
• Ⅱ-Smoking:
– The goal to achieve a smoke free society
• Ⅲ-Blood pressure:
– The goal is to reduce mean population blood pressure levels by
healthy life style.
• Ⅳ-Physical activity:
– Regular physical activity should be a part of normal daily life
Email:drabrajar@gmail.com
17. Ⅱ-High risk Strategy
• A. IDENTIFYING AT RISK INDIVIDUALS:
– By measuring Blood Pressure, Blood sugar levels and serum cholesterol are
those who have strong family history.
• B. SPECIFIC ADVICE:
– Motivate at high risk individuals to take positive action like
– Control Blood Pressure.
– Cessation of smoking (use of nicotine gum can be tried to wean smoking,
– Serum cholesterol concentration should be reduced.
Email:drabrajar@gmail.com
18. Ⅲ-Secondary prevention.
• It is the continuation of primary prevention.
• AIM:
– To prevent the reoccurrence and progression of CHD.
• Principles of secondary prevention:
– Cessation of smoking
– Control of Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus,
– Healthy nutrition
– Exercise promotion
– Use of Beta-Blockers
Email:drabrajar@gmail.com
19. Summary
• In summary, the major CVD risk factors of tobacco use,
inappropriate diet and physical inactivity explain at least 75-85 % of
new cases of coronary heart disease.
• In the absence of elevation of these risk factors,CHD is a rare cause
of death.
• Unfortunatly,the vast majority of the populations in almost all
countries are at risk of developing CVD because of higher than
optimal levels of main risk factors.
Email:drabrajar@gmail.com