Cardiovascular disorders, also known as heart disease, are the leading cause of death worldwide. Some key points covered in the document include:
- The cardiovascular system includes the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries. Common cardiovascular disorders include hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, angina, heart attack and stroke.
- Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a major risk factor for heart disease. In Pakistan, it is estimated that 18% of adults have hypertension, but only 12.5% have it adequately controlled.
- Other risk factors for heart disease include smoking, lack of exercise, poor diet, obesity and high cholesterol. Managing risk factors can help prevent heart disease.
Prof. DR. Dr. Rochmad Romdoni, SpJP(K), FINASIM, FIHA, FAsCC. 3rd Pekanbaru Cardiology Update, August 24th 2013. Pangeran Hotel Pekanbaru. Learn more at PerkiPekanbaru.com
Prof. DR. Dr. Rochmad Romdoni, SpJP(K), FINASIM, FIHA, FAsCC. 3rd Pekanbaru Cardiology Update, August 24th 2013. Pangeran Hotel Pekanbaru. Learn more at PerkiPekanbaru.com
Hypertension, its causes, types and managementAbu Bakar
hypertention,it's causes, epidemiology, mechanism,primary and secondary hypertention, preeclampsia and eclampsia, disease related hypertention, classification, dietary plan, diagnosis, clinical presentation, drug related hypertention, treatment,
High blood pressure is preventable, and can be countered by reducing salt intake, eating a balanced diet, avoiding the harmful use of alcohol, taking regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy body weight and avoiding tobacco use. This presentation provides key facts about high blood pressure and how it can be managed.
Bringing Awareness to Hypertension in young adults is a page dedicated to raising awareness, increasing knowledge, and making a significant impact on healthy behaviors among the growing number of young adults at risk for Hypertension.
Hypertension is defined when an individual had a systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90mm Hg, was taking antihypertensive drugs, or had previously been diagnosed as hypertensive by health care professionals.
NCDs, also known as chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behaviours factors.
The main types of NCDs are cardiovascular diseases (like heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes
Introduction and pathophysiology of hypertension in elderly. Differences among hypertension in adults and elderly in terms of symptoms, treatment consideration. Issues and Challenges among elderly patients. Stroke among Elderly population. Issues and challenges in stroke elderly population.
Austin Journal of Cardiovascular Disease and Atherosclerosis is a peer reviewed academic journal exclusively dedicated to publish diseases that effects cardiovascular system and blood vessels.
The aim of the journal is to provide a forum for cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, general physicians, pharmacologists, internists, researchers, physicians and other health professionals to find most recent advances in the areas of cardiology and cardiovascular diseases.
This open access journal cover all the aspects of cardiovascular disease and stroke such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, congenital heart defects, ischemic heart disease, congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, electrophysiology, cardiac surgery, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, vascular disease, hypertension and more.
Hypertension, its causes, types and managementAbu Bakar
hypertention,it's causes, epidemiology, mechanism,primary and secondary hypertention, preeclampsia and eclampsia, disease related hypertention, classification, dietary plan, diagnosis, clinical presentation, drug related hypertention, treatment,
High blood pressure is preventable, and can be countered by reducing salt intake, eating a balanced diet, avoiding the harmful use of alcohol, taking regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy body weight and avoiding tobacco use. This presentation provides key facts about high blood pressure and how it can be managed.
Bringing Awareness to Hypertension in young adults is a page dedicated to raising awareness, increasing knowledge, and making a significant impact on healthy behaviors among the growing number of young adults at risk for Hypertension.
Hypertension is defined when an individual had a systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90mm Hg, was taking antihypertensive drugs, or had previously been diagnosed as hypertensive by health care professionals.
NCDs, also known as chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behaviours factors.
The main types of NCDs are cardiovascular diseases (like heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes
Introduction and pathophysiology of hypertension in elderly. Differences among hypertension in adults and elderly in terms of symptoms, treatment consideration. Issues and Challenges among elderly patients. Stroke among Elderly population. Issues and challenges in stroke elderly population.
Austin Journal of Cardiovascular Disease and Atherosclerosis is a peer reviewed academic journal exclusively dedicated to publish diseases that effects cardiovascular system and blood vessels.
The aim of the journal is to provide a forum for cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, general physicians, pharmacologists, internists, researchers, physicians and other health professionals to find most recent advances in the areas of cardiology and cardiovascular diseases.
This open access journal cover all the aspects of cardiovascular disease and stroke such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, congenital heart defects, ischemic heart disease, congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, electrophysiology, cardiac surgery, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, vascular disease, hypertension and more.
CHAPTER 12: Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and
Cancer
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood
vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such
as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other
CVDs include stroke, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart
disease, cardiomyopathy, heart arrhythmia, congenital heart disease, valvular heart
disease, carditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease, thromboembolic
disease, and venous thrombosis.
The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease. Coronary artery
disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis, which is the
narrowing of the inside of an artery due to the build up of plaque. This may be
caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high
blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption, among others. High
blood pressure results in 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco results in 9%, diabetes
6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow
untreated strep throat. It is estimated that 90% of CVD is preventable.
Coronary heart disease (CHD), also commonly referred to as just heart disease, is a
common term for the buildup of plaque in the heart’s arteries that could lead to
heart attack. But is there a difference between coronary heart disease and coronary
artery disease? The short answer is often no — health professionals frequently use
the terms interchangeably. However, coronary heart disease, or CHD, is actually a
result of coronary artery disease, or CAD. With coronary artery disease, plaque first
grows within the walls of the coronary arteries until the blood flow to the heart’s
muscle is limited. View an illustration of coronary arteries below:
Coronary Arteries
The Coronary Arteries are the blood vessels that supply blood to your heart. They
branch off of the aorta at its base. The right coronary artery, the left main coronary, the
left anterior descending, and the left circumflex artery, are the four major coronary
arteries. Blockage of these arteries is a common cause of angina, heart disease, heart
attacks and heart failure.
This restriction of the blood supply to the tissues is also called ischemia. It may be
chronic, narrowing of the coronary artery over time and limiting of the blood supply
to part of the muscle. Or it can be acute, resulting from a sudden rupture of a plaque
and formation of a thrombus or blood clot.
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System
To fully understand Cardiovascular Diseases, it may be helpful to understand the
anatomy of the cardiovascular system. It includes the following:
o Heart: the pump, divided into four chambers (R/L atria, R/L ventricles)
o Arteries: large vessels carrying oxygen-rich blood away from heart; have
thick, muscular wall
o Arterioles: smaller arteries
...
After attending this presentation audience will be able to:
•Define Blood pressure, Normal BP and Hypertension
•Classify Hypertension
•Enlist Predisposing factors of Hypertension
•Describe the consequences of Hypertension
•Explain/plan that how to avoid Hypertension
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
2. CARDIOVASCULAR
The term cardiovascular refers to the
heart (cardio) and the blood vessels
(vascular).
The cardiovascular system includes the
• Heart,
• Arteries,
• Veins,
• And Capillaries.
SOURCE: www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/000023.htm
3. CARDIOVASCULA
R
Cardiovascular disorder (Heart disease)
is any disorder that affects the
heart's ability to function normally.
Various forms of heart disease include:
• Hypertension
• Coronary artery disease (CAD)
• Heart failure
• Angina
• Heart attack (myocardial infarction)
• Stroke
SOURCE: www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000147.htm
DISORDER
4. PREVALANCE
CARDIOVASCULAR
DISORDERS
If you're like most people,
you think that heart
disease is a problem for
other People.
Cardiovascular disorders are
the world’s largest killers,
claiming 17.1 million
lives a year and 1/3
deaths.
SOURCE: www.emro.who.int/pakistan/programmes_ncd.htm
5. PREVALANCE
CARDIOVASCULAR
DISORDERS
If you think these numbers
don`t concern Pakistan, you
are wrong.
The World Health Organization
(WHO) projects that over the
next 10 years in Pakistan
alone, 6th million people will
die due to CVD disease.
SOURCE: http://archives.dawn.com/archives/6789
(HEART DISEASE: The Risk FactorBy Prof Abdus Samad ,September 27, 2008)
Liaquat Soldier , died of a
Heart attack On 30 March 2011.
Moin Akhter
Died on 22
April 2011 after
suffering from
a Heart attack.
6. UNDERSTANDING
HYPERTENSION A SILENT KILLER
Hypertensive heart disease
refers to heart problems
that occur because of high
blood pressure
These problems include:
•Coronary artery disease
•Heart failure
SOURCE: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000163.htm
7. The estimated total number of
adults with hypertension in 2000
was 972 million
The number of adults with
hypertension in 2025 was
predicted to increase by about
60% to a total of 1.56
billion.
SOURCE: M Kearney Patricia et al,The Lancet, Volume 365, Issue 9455, Pages 217 - 223, 15
January 2005
GLOBAL PREVALANCE OF
HYPERTENSION
8. HYPERTENSION IN PAKISTAN
TIME TO TAKE SOME SERIOUS
ACTION
The National Health Survey of Pakistan
estimated that hypertension affects
18% of adults with every 3rd person
over the age of 40 becoming
increasingly vulnerable to a wide range
of diseases.
Source: British Journal of General Practice, June 2010
9. HYPERTENSION IN PAKISTAN
TIME TO TAKE SOME SERIOUS
ACTION
Source: British Journal of General Practice, June 2010
It was also mentioned that only 50%
of the people with hypertension were
diagnosed and that only half of those
diagnosed were ever treated.
Thus, only 12.5% of hypertension
cases were adequately controlled.
10. ORGAN WHICH MAY AFFECT BY
HYPERTERNTION
Effects on the Heart and Blood Vessels
• According to the American Heart Association,
untreated high blood pressure inflicts tears in the
walls of blood vessels, lead to development of
plaques or atherosclerosis
SOURCE: www.livestrong.com/article/117888-effects-hypertension-organs/
11. OTHER THE ORGANS WHICH MAY
AFFECT BY
HYPERTERNTION
• Effects on the Brain
• Effects on the Kidneys
• Effects on the Eyes
SOURCE: www.livestrong.com/article/117888-effects-hypertension-organs/
12. •Confusion
•Ear noise or buzzing
•Fatigue
•Headache
•Nosebleed
SYMPTOMS OF HIGH
BLOOD PRESSURE
Most of the time, there are no
symptoms. Symptoms that may occur
include:
13. RISK FACTORS OF HIGH
BLOOD
PRESSURE
•Family history
•Smoking
•Lack of Physical activity
•Stress and anger
•High blood cholesterol
•Obesity
Source:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000
468.htm
16. UNDERSTANDING
CORONARY ARTERY
DISEASE
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is
the most common type of heart
disease.
CAD happens when the arteries that
supply blood to heart muscle
become hardened and narrowed,
due to the buildup of cholesterol.
This buildup is called atherosclerosis
SOURCE: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/coronaryarterydisease.html
19. UNDERSTANDING
HEART ATTACK
SOURCE: www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/18048.htm
As atherosclerosis grows, less blood
can flow through the arteries. As
a result, the heart muscle can't
get the blood or oxygen it needs.
This can lead to a Heart attack
Most Heart attacks happen when a
blood clot suddenly cuts off the
hearts' blood supply, causing
permanent heart damage.
23. STRATEGIES
TO HELP PREVENT HEART
DISEASE
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-disease-prevention/WO00041
You can prevent heart disease by following a
heart-healthy lifestyle.
1.Don't smoke or use tobacco
Chemicals in tobacco can damage your
heart and blood vessels and causes
atherosclerosis.
When it comes to heart disease
prevention, no amount of smoking is
safe.
24. STRATEGIES
TO HELP PREVENT HEART
DISEASE
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-disease-prevention/WO00041
2.Exercise for 30 minutes on most
days of the week
Physical activity helps you control
your weight and can reduce strain on
your heart.
It also reduces stress, which may be
a factor in heart disease.
25. STRATEGIES
TO HELP PREVENT HEART
DISEASE
Source:www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-disease prevention/WO00041
3. Eat a heart-healthy diet
Eating foods that are low in fat,
cholesterol and salt.
The diet is rich in fruits, vegetables,
whole grains, which can help protect
your heart. Beans, and certain types of
fish also can reduce your risk of heart
disease.
26. STRATEGIES
TO HELP PREVENT HEART
DISEASE
Source:www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-disease prevention/WO00041
4. Maintain a healthy weight
As you put on weight in adulthood,
your weight gain is mostly fat
rather than muscle. This excess
weight can lead to conditions that
increase your chances of heart
disease — high blood pressure,
high cholesterol and diabetes
27. STRATEGIES
TO HELP PREVENT HEART
DISEASE
Source:www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-disease prevention/WO00041
One way to see if your weight is
healthy is to calculate your body
mass index (BMI), determining
whether you have a healthy or
unhealthy percentage of body fat.
BMI numbers 25 and higher are
associated with an increased risk
of heart disease and stroke.
28. STRATEGIES
TO HELP PREVENT HEART
DISEASE
Source:www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-disease prevention/WO00041
waist circumference also is a
useful tool to measure how much
abdominal fat you have:
•Men are considered overweight if
their waist measurement is greater
than 40 inches
•Women are overweight if their
waist measurement is greater than
35 inches
29. STRATEGIES
TO HELP PREVENT HEART
DISEASE
Source:www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-disease prevention/WO00041
5. Get regular health screenings
High blood pressure and high
cholesterol can damage your heart
and blood vessels.
Regular screening can tell you
what your numbers are and
whether you need to take action
30. STRATEGIES
TO HELP PREVENT HEART
DISEASE
Source:
*www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-disease
prevention/WO00041
*JAMA 2003;289:2560–71.
BLOOD PRESSURE:
•Adults should have their blood
pressure checked at least every
two years.
JNC VII GUIDELINES
31. STRATEGIES
TO HELP PREVENT HEART
DISEASE
Source:www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-disease prevention/WO00041
Cholesterol levels:
Adults should have their
cholesterol measured at least
once every five years starting
at age 20.
32. STRATEGIES
TO HELP PREVENT HEART
DISEASE
Source:www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-disease prevention/WO00041
Diabetes screening. Since
diabetes is a risk factor for
developing heart disease,
Screening be may done some
times between ages 30 and 45,
and then retesting every three
to five years.
35. Many people are able to manage
heart diseases with lifestyle
changes and medications.
TREATMENT OF HEART DISEASE
Other people with
severe coronary artery
disease may need
angioplasty or surgery.