Regenerated fibers, manufacturing process, Physical & Chemical properties and their end uses.

1. Presentation: Corn & Aromatic Polyester
Group: 8
 Sheroz Akhtar Khan – 14-NTU-0196
 Muhammad Umar – 14-NTU-0197
 Adil Bajwa – 14-NTU-0198
 Muhammad Umar – 14-NTU-0199
 Hamza Tahir – 14-NTU-0200

2. Corn Fiber and It’s Derivative

3. Structure of Corn’s Kernel

4. Composition of Corn
 The Mature corn is composed of four parts:
 Endosperm – 82 %
 Germ – 15 %
 Pericarp – 5 %
 Tip Cap – 1%
 Component’s in the Composition of Corn:
 Starch – 61 %
 Corn Oil – 3.8 %
 Protein – 8.0 %
 Fiber – 11.2 %
 Moisture – 16.0 %

5. Production And Processes Of Corn to
Textile Fibers:
 Harvesting of Corn:
• Corn requires 3 months of warm, sunny weather to mature, and can grow
wherever ample water is available.
• The temperature for the germination of corn growth is 65-95F & For the growth
about 65-75F.
• Fertilizers are used for the growth of Corn, Heavy feeder; apply manure in the fall,
or compost a few weeks before planting.
• The mature Corn Plant grows to about 7-8‘ long.
• After 2 1/2 to 3 months the Corn is harvested and is forwarded for further
processes.
 Getting Sugar From Corn:
• Corn Syrup (Glucose) was produced by combining corn starch with
dilute hydrochloric acid, and then heating the mixture under pressure.

6.  Fermentation of Glucose Into Monomer:
• The glucose is fed down pipes into a three-story vat containing genetically engineered
organisms, water and some vitamins and minerals.
• From fermentation process the glucose is converted from glucose to monomers known as
PDO (Polydioxanone) .
 Turning Monomers into Polymers:
• PDO, known as a monomer, is shipped to a polymer plant where it is mixed together, or
polymerized, with petroleum-based monomer TPA, or Terepthatlic Acid. The polymer
Polylactic Acid PLA comes out in long strands that are then chopped into pellets.
 Fibres and Fabrics are Created:
• The pellets are shipped to a textile plant where they are converted into fibers.The fibers
go into apparel or carpets. In the future, parts for cars or planes could be made from the
Sorona Polymer.

7. Physical And Chemical Properties:
 Density. The specific gravity is 1.25 g cm–3
 Moisture regain. At 0.4–0.6%
 Glass transition temperature 60–65 °C
 Melting Point: <140 °C
 Tensile Strength: 100-180 MPa
 Yield Strength: 70 MPa
 Elongation at Break: 6%
 Flexural Strength (Flexibility) : 119 Mpa
 Color: Clear Transleculent.
 PLA is soluble in chlorinated solvents, hot benzene, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane.
 Insoluble in water, moisture n grease resistant.
 Good resistant to UV Radiations.
 Controllable shrinkage, doesn't shrink easily.
 Flame Retardent, LOI: 24-30
 PLA are dyeable with Disperse Dyes.
 Surface:Fibers are generally circular in cross-section and have a smooth surface.
 Luster: PLA Fibers give very high luster due to it’s cross section area and smooth surface.

8. End Uses & Applications:
 PlA is widely used in the packaging industries like packaging of food and
other materials.
 PLA is also used in making drinking cups, Blister packaging, water bottles
and cardboards.
 Also widely used in the textile industries, in making woven and nonwoven
textiles.
 Due to it’s retardency of UV light radiations, these fibers are used in making
UV-Protected clothes.
 In the form of fibers and non-woven textiles, PLA also has many potential
uses, for example as upholstery, disposable garments, awnings, feminine
hygiene products, and diapers.
 Used in making tea bags.

9. Aromatic Polyester - Vectran

10. Composition
 The composites involved in the formation of Aromatic Polyester fiber
(Vectran) are:
• 4-hydroxybenzoic acid
• 6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid
 It is the polymer made by the polymerization of p-hydoxybenzoic acid and
6-hydorxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid.

11. Aromatic Polyesters are the Liquid
Crystals Polymers:
 Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) - A relatively unique class of partially crystalline
aromatic polyesters based on p-hydroxybenzoic acid and related
monomers.
 Liquid crystal polymers are capable of forming regions of highly ordered
structure while in the liquid phase.
 Typically LCPs have outstanding mechanical properties at high
temperatures, excellent chemical resistance, inherent flame retardency
and good weather ability.

12. Production and Processing of Vectran
Fibers
Polymerization:
• The composites hydoxybenzoic acid and 6-hydorxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic
acid are polymerized.
• Once the polymerization has occurred the material is extruded in the form of a
filaments. Once cool, the filaments hardens and is cut into chips.
Melt-Spun Fiber:
• The chips are dried completely. Hopper reservoirs are then used to melt the
chips. The chips are heated, extruded through spinnerets and cools upon hitting
the air. It is then loosely wound around cylinders.
Drawing:
• The fibers consequently formed are hot stretched to about five times their original
length. This helps to reduce the fiber width. This fiber is now ready and would
wind onto cones as yarn.

13. Physical And Chemical Properties
 Density: 1.4 gcm−3
 Moisture Regain: 0.1%
 Strength: 2-2.5 N/Tex
 Low elongation 3.8%Gpa
 Breaking Tenacity: 23 g/Denier
 Negligible creep
 High impact resistance
 High fiber-to-fiber abrasion resistance
 Excellent low temperature properties
 Good resistant to acids, but dissolve in 100% conc.acids.
 Stable to bases, but dissolve in 30% bases.
 Resistant to chemical and organic solvents.
 LOI: is 30 and is great resistant to flame retardant
 Vectra LCP is virtually unaffected by most acids, bases, and solvents over a broad temperature
range
 Sensitive to sunlight, and decomposes and loses it’s strength in the presence of sunlight, due to
the presence of benzene rings.

14. Applications & End Uses
 Used in critical marine, military, and industrial rope and cable applications.
High strength with no creep allows manufacture of high performance ropes
that are stable to extended loads.
 Used in world wide precision molded electronic products.
 Vectran fibers are extensively used in the manufacturing of products like
fishing poles and lines, golf clubs, bicycle forks, Tennis Racquets,
Snowboards etc.
 These fibers are also used in the making of speaclized military equipment's.
 Used in making chemically resists packing's and gaskets.
 Used in protective apparels such as gloves and workwear benefit from
excellent cut and stab resistance, elevated temparture resistance,
outstanding flax/fold resistance and durability to multiple wash/dry cycles
even in the presence of bleach.