Coral identification
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This document provides information about corals in the Keppel Bay Islands marine park in Australia. It discusses the importance of corals as barriers protecting coastlines, and how they are threatened by climate change. The history of the marine park is outlined, describing its establishment in the 1970s to protect the Great Barrier Reef from threats like mining and oil drilling. Details are given about the local reefs, including their age of 3000 years, catchment area, and bathymetry. An explanation of corals and the coral-algae symbiosis is also provided.
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General characteristics of clams
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Present status of production
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What is the difference between mussels, oysters, scallops and clams?
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Clams have two symmetrical shells(Bivalve)
They can filters their food
Clams can control their outer shells and shut them in response to stimuli, via a elastic ligament and two large muscles
In side their usually grey, black shells you can see a white, tan center
Clams have siphons that forces water out and allows them to take in micro organisms
There are over 150 edible species.There are over 15,000 species of clams.Small freshwater clams fertilize eggs in a pouch and bear their young until its shell develops.
The Giant clam can weigh more than 400lb and live for over 150 years.
It takes 3-4 years for a clam to mature to market size.
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A clam can live until about 35 years if not eaten.
distribution:
Marine clams are abundant in the low and mid intertidal zone in temperate seas globally. Other species of marine mussel live in tropical intertidal areas, but not in the same huge numbers as in temperate zones.
Certain species of marine clams prefer salt marshes or quiet bays, while others thrive in pounding surf, completely covering wave-washed rocks. Some species have colonized abyssal depths near hydrothermal vents. The South African white mussel exceptionally doesn't bind itself to rocks but burrows into sandy beaches extending two tubes above the sand surface for ingestion of food and water and exhausting wastes.
Freshwater clams inhabit permanent lakes, rivers, canals and streams throughout the world except in the polar regions. They require a constant source of cool, clean water. They prefer water with a substantial mineral content, using calcium carbonate to build their shells.
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Ribbon fish, also known as hair-tail or cutlass fish, are an important bycatch species in Indian fisheries. They have an elongated, ribbon-like body and belong to the family Trichiuridae. The four commercially important species in India are Trichiurus lepturus, Eupleurogrammus intermedius, Lepturacanthus savala, and E. muticus. Ribbon fish are carnivorous predators found in marine and estuarine waters along the Indian coasts. Their spawning occurs seasonally from April-June or November-December. Landings of ribbon fish in India have increased over time, with the highest recorded landings of 197,000 tonnes
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1) Breeding pond-grown female mud crabs and examining their ovaries for maturity. Mature females are held individually and spawn eggs attached to their pleopods.
2) Larval rearing of hatched zoea in concrete tanks with rotifers and Artemia as food at specific stocking densities and water conditions.
3) Nursery of megalopa in concrete tanks or net cages in brackishwater ponds, with natural pond food and feeding of minced fish/mussel
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Cluture of pearl oyster by SYED AASIM HAQ
This document summarizes information about pearls and pearl oysters. It discusses how pearls are formed naturally within pearl oysters in response to irritants, and how Mikimoto first pioneered cultured pearl production in 1893 by manually inserting irritants. It also provides details on the taxonomy of pearl oysters, their distribution, pearl formation process, protocols for marine pearl culture, and the economic importance of the pearl industry.
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This document provides information about the class Cephalopoda. It discusses key characteristics of cephalopods such as their highly developed sensory organs and efficient locomotion. It describes the major orders of cephalopods - Nautiloidea, Ammonoidea, and Coleoidea Dibranchia. For each order, it summarizes representative genera including their defining anatomical features and geological time periods. The document is an overview of cephalopod diversity and the use of ammonoids in particular as index fossils for dating rock layers.
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2. Bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, phytoplankton, and zooplankton are important microorganisms that contribute to these processes. They drive processes like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycling that make nutrients available to aquatic organisms.
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Coral identification
- 1. Corals of the Keppel Bay Islands Dr Alison Jones Centre for Environmental Management CQUniversity
- 2. Why are they important?
- 4. Why learn about them? Reefs act as a barrier to our coastline Reefs are threatened by climate change and loss of species can reduce a reef’s capacity to regenerate (Riegl, 2009 a,b)
- 5. History of the marine park 1967 Queensland Department of Mines receives an application to mine limestone on Ellison Reef off Innisfail 1967 Queensland Government prepares to grant licenses for offshore oil exploration on the Reef 1969 An oil drilling permit is granted that allows exploration in the whole of the reef 1970 Royal Commission into Exploratory and Production Drilling for Petroleum in the Great Barrier Reef commences delaying mineral exploitation of the reef 1974 Australian and Queensland governments prohibit petroleum drilling on the Great Barrier Reef 1975 The passing of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act establishes the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. 2004 All sections of the Park consolidated into one entity
- 6. Catchment area ~142,000 km2 Modeled sediment yield 2571 kt/yr (SedNet ) 3000 years old
- 7. Detailed bathymetry east of Keppel Bay shows the path of the ancient Fitzroy River that meandered across the shelf. OzCoasts 2009 © Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2005 100 km
- 8. OzCoasts 2009 © Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2005 Detailed bathymetric map of the Fitzroy Estuary and Keppel Bay. The red box indicates the position of the sediment dunes shown in the image below with the onshore directional movement.
- 9. OzCoasts 2009 © Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2005 A landsat TM image of the Fitzroy Estuary and Keppel Bay from May 2003. The whitish colouration of the water near the estuary mouth is due to suspended sediment ( ~300 mg l-1)
- 10. Unlikely reefs
- 11. So, what are corals? Polyp + Zooxanthellae
- 12. The coral symbiosis Coral polyp Zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium)
- 13. Calcification CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O → Ca(HCO3)2 Calcification involves the precipitation of dissolved ions into solid CaCO3
- 14. Saturation state of a aragonite (CaCO3) in seawater Ω = [Ca2+] ]CO3 2-] Ksp Ksp = sat equilibri or disso
- 17. ….with difficulty! Differences due to environment and geography… Differences due to genetic variation… Ok they’re important but, how do I identify them?
- 18. Wide angle photo Close-up or marco photo
- 23. Corallite structure solitary dendroid phaceloid plocoid ceroid meandroid thamnasteroid
- 30. Diaz-Pulido, 2009 New coral tissue can overgrow old dead coral tissue that is covered in algae. Discovered in 2009, this phenomenon explains the extraordinary ability of Keppel reefs to regenerate quickly following bleaching damage.
- 31. Things aren’t always as they seem….branching corals can sometimes be encrusting corals (right) dressed up to look like branching corals (left)
- 32. What coral is this?
- 33. Google Earth Pro
- 34. Thanks!
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