Coral bleaching is expected to be widespread in the Western Indian Ocean in early 2016 due to record high ocean temperatures and a strong El Niño event. The document outlines a 4-step plan for monitoring and responding to coral bleaching during 2016: 1) Preparation, 2) Initial observations, 3) Monitoring bleaching and mortality over time, and 4) Communicating findings to relevant stakeholders and authorities. Monitoring methods ranging from basic to more advanced are described to suit different levels of expertise and resources.
Prepared by WWF, BCG and CORDIO East Africa, this is a presentation of the full report available at http://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?290410/Western-Indian-Ocean-valued-at-US3338-billion-but-at-a-crossroads and http://cordioea.net/western-indian-ocean-ocean-economy-report/
Coral genera of the Western Indian Ocean (2015)David Obura
This slideshow illustrates principal hard coral genera (scleractinia) found in Western Indian Ocean reefs. It is continually updated, and is a work in progress, so excuse some blank pages!
Solving the global energy challenge with energy efficiency, innovation and te...London Business School
Dr. Ivan Marten, Global Leader of the Energy Practice, The Boston Consulting Group. was one of the keynote speakers of the 9th Annual Global Energy Summit. Marten delivered a very interesting presentation on how energy efficiency, innovation, technology and policies can solve the global energy challenge.
Best Practices in CRM for Nonprofits - Webinar with StayClassy, roundCorner a...TheConnectedCause
The Best Practices in CRM for Nonprofits Webinar with StayClassy, roundCorner and Heller Consulting shows the benefits of a CRM for your nonprofits and also shows how having an integrated system is better for your nonprofits and even more so for your constituents. Heller shows how creating a CRM strategy is key for the success of your implementation.
The Water Imperative: New Standards in Corporate Water LeadershipCoro Strandberg
Water security is a top global issue. Virtually every product requires water at some point in its production, manufacturing or use. Water shortages and lack of access to clean, fresh water are two top global risks – and by 2030 global water consumption is expected to rise by 40%.
As water demand rises around the world it will be difficult for many businesses to operate as usual. Whole sectors, companies and corporate value chains depend on water for their success. WWF, RBC and Molson Coors present their thoughts on the risks and opportunities to business and how to manage them. Coro Strandberg, Strandberg Consulting, introduces guidelines to help companies become transformational corporate water leaders.
Prepared by WWF, BCG and CORDIO East Africa, this is a presentation of the full report available at http://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?290410/Western-Indian-Ocean-valued-at-US3338-billion-but-at-a-crossroads and http://cordioea.net/western-indian-ocean-ocean-economy-report/
Coral genera of the Western Indian Ocean (2015)David Obura
This slideshow illustrates principal hard coral genera (scleractinia) found in Western Indian Ocean reefs. It is continually updated, and is a work in progress, so excuse some blank pages!
Solving the global energy challenge with energy efficiency, innovation and te...London Business School
Dr. Ivan Marten, Global Leader of the Energy Practice, The Boston Consulting Group. was one of the keynote speakers of the 9th Annual Global Energy Summit. Marten delivered a very interesting presentation on how energy efficiency, innovation, technology and policies can solve the global energy challenge.
Best Practices in CRM for Nonprofits - Webinar with StayClassy, roundCorner a...TheConnectedCause
The Best Practices in CRM for Nonprofits Webinar with StayClassy, roundCorner and Heller Consulting shows the benefits of a CRM for your nonprofits and also shows how having an integrated system is better for your nonprofits and even more so for your constituents. Heller shows how creating a CRM strategy is key for the success of your implementation.
The Water Imperative: New Standards in Corporate Water LeadershipCoro Strandberg
Water security is a top global issue. Virtually every product requires water at some point in its production, manufacturing or use. Water shortages and lack of access to clean, fresh water are two top global risks – and by 2030 global water consumption is expected to rise by 40%.
As water demand rises around the world it will be difficult for many businesses to operate as usual. Whole sectors, companies and corporate value chains depend on water for their success. WWF, RBC and Molson Coors present their thoughts on the risks and opportunities to business and how to manage them. Coro Strandberg, Strandberg Consulting, introduces guidelines to help companies become transformational corporate water leaders.
Dr Joshua Bishop (Former Chief Economist, IUCN and National Manager, Markets, Sustainability and Business Partnerships WWF Australia) - Presentation at the United Nations Association of Australia (Victorian Division) Business, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Valuing the Earth's Natural Capital Seminar held in Melbourne, 20 September 2012, in partnership with National Australia Bank.
Building momentum for collective action post-Rio+20, the seminar brought together key players from business, government and civil society to discuss the challenges and opportunities in measuring the true value of nature and enhancing natural capital as a critical economic, ecological and social asset.
An expert panel addressed:
The Natural Capital Declaration and the finance sector
Australian Government perspective on natural capital and sustainability: current priorities, measurement and where Australia can make a difference
Business and biodiversity: valuing natural capital and ecosystem services in practice
The Economics of Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity (TEEB for Business)
The System of Environmental - Economic Accounts (SEEA)
Integrating the valuing and management of environmental assets into business and government decision-making processes
Experiences and opportunities for cross-sector collaboration
Guest speakers:
Rosemary Bissett (Head of Sustainability Governance and Risk, Enterprise Risk, National Australia Bank)
Malcolm Thompson (Deputy Secretary, Australian Government Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities
Stuart Anstee (Chief Adviser, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Rio Tinto)
Dr Joshua Bishop (Former Chief Economist, IUCN and National Manager, Markets, Sustainability and Business Partnerships, WWF Australia).
Charles Berger (Director of Strategic Ideas, Australian Conservation Foundation)
Facilitator:
Rosemary Sainty (Former Head, Secretariat UN Global Compact Network Australia and Adviser, Corporate Engagement, Transparency International Australia)
More information available at: http://www.unaavictoria.org.au/education-advocacy/masterclasses/natural-capital-seminar/
Forest in Facts - why the WWF earns our supportbrentjens
Bitesize analysis of the forest increase and decrease in the world. Based on public information from the FAO and WWF, this presentation gives an helicopter view of the magnitude of deforestation around the world.
The “Navigating Muddy Waters” report series represents a collaboration of work between WWF, Trucost, Carbon Tracker and SinCo that looks at the issues of carbon and water risks to investors as well as sustainable investment opportunities. Climate change and water scarcity are two of the main drivers that governments, civil society and business need to seriously address. As a significant provider of financial capital, institutional investors play an important role in our ability to shape this transformation. On the other hand, these same investors face material financial risks if this transformation does not take place. The aim of the reports is to provide empirical research to investors in and regulators of the securities markets that can guide policy and investment strategies to support the transition to a resource efficient, low-carbon, resilient and equitable global economy.
URL for reports
http://www.wwf.org.za/?7180/Investors-highly-exposed-to-climate-change-and-freshwater-risks
http://www.sincosinco.com/portfolio-climate-risks.php
Conservation Highlights May 2014 edition - PowerPoint PresentationWWF
Recent achievements and challenges in WWF’s work to protect biodiversity and reduce humanity’s footprint in priority areas of the global conservation programme.
End-User Computing Insights: A study of digital maturityDImension Data
Dimension Data has gained valuable insights through working with top global clients in the domain of end-user computing over the past five years.
Our report delivers these insights to your business – so you can benchmark your journey and take the next steps in end-user computing with confidence.
·Create a sustainability plan table using the sustainability p.docxalinainglis
·
Create
a sustainability plan table using the sustainability plan guidelines following the options.
DECLINING FISH STOCK
[Music]
Fisherman Pete Dupuis is getting ready to go back to work on the Pacific Ocean.
After the albacore season, we’ll go back to longlining and target bigeye tuna and swordfish.
This is both combination freeze and fresh ice.
His boat can easily handle a whopping haul of swordfish. An average catch?
About 20,000 pounds. That could be a couple hundred fish.
Pete is one of the few longliners willing to talk to us these days after a widely-reported study showed that fishing fleets
have stripped the seas of 90 percent of big fish. Pete’s read all about it, but he’s skeptical. He’s still catching as many
fish as ever.
I know this business, and I know it real well. That ocean is big, very big, and it’s going to take us a long time to
really understand it.
Time could be running out. The ten-year study by a fisheries biologist challenges the adage, “There are plenty of fish
in the sea.” Most of the biggest fish have been pulled from the water in the last half century, leaving fishermen to
compete for the remaining 10 percent. This new report is the third major recent scientific study claiming the ocean is
not nearly as resilient as we previously thought. The first was published in 2001 by Jeremy Jackson of the Scripps
Institute of Oceanography in La Jolla, California.
The notion that we can somehow keep hunting and gathering in the oceans without limit to feed six billion people is
just pretty stupid. We will never be able to fish at the level we’ve been fishing.
Narrator: Jackson’s two-year study set out to trace the decline of many ocean species over several centuries.
He and a team of international scientists identified overfishing as more destructive to the ocean than toxic pollution or
degrading water quality.
Is the damage complete, or is there a way to reverse this?
The damage is close to complete, and it’s almost certainly reversible, or at least mostly reversible, but what it requires
is an utterly different attitude about how we use the ocean.
Jackson’s report coincided with a proposed federal law that would limit overfishing, but it has still not received
congressional approval. Jackson says this new report brings the issue to light again, and the next step has to be drastic.
We’ve fished many of these prize fish down to such extraordinarily low levels that I think we have to protect a third or
40 percent or in some cases half of the ocean from fishing for certain species.
Narrator: The off-limits approach will allow fish populations to rebound. The solution is scientifically sound but politically
difficult.
Are we willing to set aside a very large part of the ocean and just not let anybody go there? And it would take all the
navies of the world to pretend to enforce those regulations. We need to have the courage to make difficult decisions
that will hurt people for the protection of the resource for the future.
Pet.
An Atoll Futures Research Institute? Presentation for CANCCNAP Global Network
Presentation by Professor Jon Barnett, University of Melbourne, at the Coalition Of Low-Lying Atoll Nations on Climate Change (CANCC) peer learning cohort workshop on “National Adaptation Planning With a Focus on Coastal Adaptation” in North Malé Atoll, Maldives, between May 1 - May 3, 2024.
#6/9 Marine ecological monitoring at UK OSWFNaturalEngland
Presention #6 of 9: Kevin Linnane of RPS sharing case studies of marine ecological monitoring , lessons learned and rationale for future monitoring of fish
María Loureiro-'Los retos del Planeta y propuestas de soluciones desde la bio...Fundación Ramón Areces
El 1 de febrero de 2017 dedicamos en la Fundación Ramón Areces un simposio internacional a 'Los retos del Planeta y propuestas de soluciones desde la bioeconomía'. Organizado en colaboración con la Asociación BioEuroLatina, fue inaugurado por la Secretaria de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Carmen Vela. Durante toda la jornada, los ponentes debatieron sobre cómo la bioeconomía, conjunto de actividades económicas que utilizan de manera sostenible los recursos de origen biológico, contribuye a producir alimentos, y energía de soporte para el conjunto del sistema económico.
Dr Joshua Bishop (Former Chief Economist, IUCN and National Manager, Markets, Sustainability and Business Partnerships WWF Australia) - Presentation at the United Nations Association of Australia (Victorian Division) Business, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Valuing the Earth's Natural Capital Seminar held in Melbourne, 20 September 2012, in partnership with National Australia Bank.
Building momentum for collective action post-Rio+20, the seminar brought together key players from business, government and civil society to discuss the challenges and opportunities in measuring the true value of nature and enhancing natural capital as a critical economic, ecological and social asset.
An expert panel addressed:
The Natural Capital Declaration and the finance sector
Australian Government perspective on natural capital and sustainability: current priorities, measurement and where Australia can make a difference
Business and biodiversity: valuing natural capital and ecosystem services in practice
The Economics of Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity (TEEB for Business)
The System of Environmental - Economic Accounts (SEEA)
Integrating the valuing and management of environmental assets into business and government decision-making processes
Experiences and opportunities for cross-sector collaboration
Guest speakers:
Rosemary Bissett (Head of Sustainability Governance and Risk, Enterprise Risk, National Australia Bank)
Malcolm Thompson (Deputy Secretary, Australian Government Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities
Stuart Anstee (Chief Adviser, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Rio Tinto)
Dr Joshua Bishop (Former Chief Economist, IUCN and National Manager, Markets, Sustainability and Business Partnerships, WWF Australia).
Charles Berger (Director of Strategic Ideas, Australian Conservation Foundation)
Facilitator:
Rosemary Sainty (Former Head, Secretariat UN Global Compact Network Australia and Adviser, Corporate Engagement, Transparency International Australia)
More information available at: http://www.unaavictoria.org.au/education-advocacy/masterclasses/natural-capital-seminar/
Forest in Facts - why the WWF earns our supportbrentjens
Bitesize analysis of the forest increase and decrease in the world. Based on public information from the FAO and WWF, this presentation gives an helicopter view of the magnitude of deforestation around the world.
The “Navigating Muddy Waters” report series represents a collaboration of work between WWF, Trucost, Carbon Tracker and SinCo that looks at the issues of carbon and water risks to investors as well as sustainable investment opportunities. Climate change and water scarcity are two of the main drivers that governments, civil society and business need to seriously address. As a significant provider of financial capital, institutional investors play an important role in our ability to shape this transformation. On the other hand, these same investors face material financial risks if this transformation does not take place. The aim of the reports is to provide empirical research to investors in and regulators of the securities markets that can guide policy and investment strategies to support the transition to a resource efficient, low-carbon, resilient and equitable global economy.
URL for reports
http://www.wwf.org.za/?7180/Investors-highly-exposed-to-climate-change-and-freshwater-risks
http://www.sincosinco.com/portfolio-climate-risks.php
Conservation Highlights May 2014 edition - PowerPoint PresentationWWF
Recent achievements and challenges in WWF’s work to protect biodiversity and reduce humanity’s footprint in priority areas of the global conservation programme.
End-User Computing Insights: A study of digital maturityDImension Data
Dimension Data has gained valuable insights through working with top global clients in the domain of end-user computing over the past five years.
Our report delivers these insights to your business – so you can benchmark your journey and take the next steps in end-user computing with confidence.
·Create a sustainability plan table using the sustainability p.docxalinainglis
·
Create
a sustainability plan table using the sustainability plan guidelines following the options.
DECLINING FISH STOCK
[Music]
Fisherman Pete Dupuis is getting ready to go back to work on the Pacific Ocean.
After the albacore season, we’ll go back to longlining and target bigeye tuna and swordfish.
This is both combination freeze and fresh ice.
His boat can easily handle a whopping haul of swordfish. An average catch?
About 20,000 pounds. That could be a couple hundred fish.
Pete is one of the few longliners willing to talk to us these days after a widely-reported study showed that fishing fleets
have stripped the seas of 90 percent of big fish. Pete’s read all about it, but he’s skeptical. He’s still catching as many
fish as ever.
I know this business, and I know it real well. That ocean is big, very big, and it’s going to take us a long time to
really understand it.
Time could be running out. The ten-year study by a fisheries biologist challenges the adage, “There are plenty of fish
in the sea.” Most of the biggest fish have been pulled from the water in the last half century, leaving fishermen to
compete for the remaining 10 percent. This new report is the third major recent scientific study claiming the ocean is
not nearly as resilient as we previously thought. The first was published in 2001 by Jeremy Jackson of the Scripps
Institute of Oceanography in La Jolla, California.
The notion that we can somehow keep hunting and gathering in the oceans without limit to feed six billion people is
just pretty stupid. We will never be able to fish at the level we’ve been fishing.
Narrator: Jackson’s two-year study set out to trace the decline of many ocean species over several centuries.
He and a team of international scientists identified overfishing as more destructive to the ocean than toxic pollution or
degrading water quality.
Is the damage complete, or is there a way to reverse this?
The damage is close to complete, and it’s almost certainly reversible, or at least mostly reversible, but what it requires
is an utterly different attitude about how we use the ocean.
Jackson’s report coincided with a proposed federal law that would limit overfishing, but it has still not received
congressional approval. Jackson says this new report brings the issue to light again, and the next step has to be drastic.
We’ve fished many of these prize fish down to such extraordinarily low levels that I think we have to protect a third or
40 percent or in some cases half of the ocean from fishing for certain species.
Narrator: The off-limits approach will allow fish populations to rebound. The solution is scientifically sound but politically
difficult.
Are we willing to set aside a very large part of the ocean and just not let anybody go there? And it would take all the
navies of the world to pretend to enforce those regulations. We need to have the courage to make difficult decisions
that will hurt people for the protection of the resource for the future.
Pet.
An Atoll Futures Research Institute? Presentation for CANCCNAP Global Network
Presentation by Professor Jon Barnett, University of Melbourne, at the Coalition Of Low-Lying Atoll Nations on Climate Change (CANCC) peer learning cohort workshop on “National Adaptation Planning With a Focus on Coastal Adaptation” in North Malé Atoll, Maldives, between May 1 - May 3, 2024.
#6/9 Marine ecological monitoring at UK OSWFNaturalEngland
Presention #6 of 9: Kevin Linnane of RPS sharing case studies of marine ecological monitoring , lessons learned and rationale for future monitoring of fish
María Loureiro-'Los retos del Planeta y propuestas de soluciones desde la bio...Fundación Ramón Areces
El 1 de febrero de 2017 dedicamos en la Fundación Ramón Areces un simposio internacional a 'Los retos del Planeta y propuestas de soluciones desde la bioeconomía'. Organizado en colaboración con la Asociación BioEuroLatina, fue inaugurado por la Secretaria de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Carmen Vela. Durante toda la jornada, los ponentes debatieron sobre cómo la bioeconomía, conjunto de actividades económicas que utilizan de manera sostenible los recursos de origen biológico, contribuye a producir alimentos, y energía de soporte para el conjunto del sistema económico.
This report presents the results from fieldbased research on the environmental and social impacts of a shallow water marine seismic program
which took place in April and May of 2009 along the
northern coast of Mozambique.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Coral bleaching response guide 2016 (Western Indian Ocean)
1. Responding to coral bleaching
Western Indian Ocean 2016
David Obura
dobura@cordioea.net
www.cordioea.net/WIO-bleaching-2016
www.reefresilience.org/network
v. 13 January 2016
2. Coral bleaching – 2016
Western Indian Ocean
2016 may be a major bleaching year in the WIO
1) 2015 has been the hottest year ever globally
2) A very strong El Niño is underway in Dec
2015 – Jan 2016, in a very similar pattern to
that observed in 1997-98
3) The WIO is starting the season VERY HOT
4) Coral bleaching has been widespread in the
Pacific and Caribbean in mid-late 2015, which
suggests major bleaching likely in the
Western Indian Ocean in early 2016
El Niño IO Dipole
3. Coral bleaching – 2016
Western Indian Ocean
This is part of the GCRMN reporting for the WIO
in 2015-16, and results of monitoring will be
included in it.
This presentation is heavy on text, for it to be
accessible to users after this.
Nevertheless this is a simple overview of a basic
bleaching response plan for any responders to
undertake in the WIO during 2016. The basic
elements of a 4-step response plan, and options
for bleaching methods are presented, to suit
different users’ needs, and assure consistency
among data to help with regional reporting.
Key references and resources are listed
on the last page.
Detailed explanation of the methods is
available in a companion report.
December January February March April May June
A) Preparation B) First observations C) Monitor bleaching, mortality, recovery
D) Communicate, report, relate respond
4. December January February March April May June
A) Preparation B) First observations C) Monitor bleaching, mortality, recovery
D) Communicate, report, relate respond
A) Preparation
GUIDING QUESTIONS
• Why are you monitoring
bleaching?
• What staff or volunteers are
available to do monitoring?
• Do you have any funding to
support monitoring?
The more complex your answers are
to the above, the more detailed you
are likely to be able to collect data.
A) WHY?
Why are you monitoring bleaching? This should guide all
decisions in subsequent steps.
B) FIRST OBSERVATIONS
Who is on the water enough to provide reliable first
observations of bleaching? Approach them to do this,
and help prepare them.
C) MONITORING
What methods can you apply given your resources,
expertise, etc? Prepare the main stakeholders/individuals
who will do the monitoring.
D) COMMUNICATION
Who needs to know about the bleaching?
• Do the responsible agencies/authorities know
anything about bleaching?
• Do stakeholders (e.g. fishers, tourism operators,
hotels, etc.) know anything about bleaching
• Does the public know anything about bleaching?
• Is the media interested in/know anything about
bleaching?
DO THE FIRST COMMUNICATION BEFORE BLEACHING HAPPENS –
PREPARE ALL STAKEHOLDERS TO HEAR MORE NEWS FROM YOU
AS IT UNFOLDS.
If you need advice, consult
in the WIO group on the
reef resilience forum
5. December January February March April May June
A) Preparation B) First observations C) Monitor bleaching, mortality, recovery
D) Communicate, report, relate respond
B) First observations
.
.
GUIDING QUESTIONS
• Are you getting news/forecasts about the
progression of bleaching in the WIO?
• Are there people regularly on/over the reefs
that can alert you to the first signs of
bleaching? (e.g. dive/snorkel guides,
fishermen, MPA rangers, pilots in low-
flying/small planes)
To catch the first signs of coral bleaching you
need to have frequent visitors to some reefs that
can distinguish the first signs of bleaching from
other things.
BE WARNED!!
• http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/ for
global and http://1.usa.gov/1IWoSCq for
regional information.
• Visit www.cordioea.net/bleachingalert for
updated WIO alerts.
• Send an email to bleaching@cordioea.net to
receive email alerts every 2 weeks.
HOW TO OBSERVE FIRST BLEACHING
First observations of bleaching must be able to
reliably distinguish bleaching from other
conditions, such as dead coral skeletons, white
soft corals, etc.
6. December January February March April May June
A) Preparation B) First observations C) Monitor bleaching, mortality, recovery
D) Communicate, report, relate respond
C) Monitoring
METHODS
Based on your answers and capabilities, there are
three basic levels at which you could collect data.
These are described in detail in the
accompanying GUIDE. Click on the buttons below
to see further details on each:
Basic – approximate estimate of proportion
of colonies affected at a site, little or no
taxonomic information.
Intermediate – visual estimates of coral
colonies in basic categories of
normal/bleached/dead, genus level
identification
High – area-based census of coral colonies in
continuous categories of
normal/bleached/dead, genus level
identification, with or without colony size
information.
GUIDING QUESTIONS
• How often are you able to visit your sites,
how many sites do you have?
• Are there stakeholders who can help collect
data?
• Do you have a system in place to
manage/hold the data?
• Do you have an existing monitoring
programme that this builds on?
If you have different people/groups with
different abilities, you could plan for different
levels of monitoring to make the most of all
contributors.
7. December January February March April May June
A) Preparation B) First observations C) Monitor bleaching, mortality, recovery
D) Communicate, report, relate respond
C) Monitoring
WHEN TO MONITOR?
To track the progression of coral bleaching you
ideally need to visit a site once very 2 weeks
for as long as the event lasts.
But it depends on your budget.
BASELINE (WITH GREATER RESOURCES
Ideally baseline conditions should be
established at monitoring sites, so as far as
possible:
• Pre-select your sites (moderate/good corals)
• Apply a first set of measurements before
bleaching, then re-start the monitoring after
1st observations of bleaching are confirmed.
IF YOU CAN ONLY GO OUT ONCE OR TWICE
(LIMITED RESOURCES)
The most important time to monitor is at the
PEAK of the bleaching event, to get the
maximum levels. Before is too early … after all
the mortality has happened its very hard to
identify what mortality was due to bleaching.
If you can go out again, then about 6-8 weeks
later should give a full picture of mortality vs.
recovery from bleaching.
Through contacts with observers in the field
(Part B), and the regional or other national
teams, you can identify the best time to go out
and do the monitoring
8. December January February March April May June
A) Preparation B) First observations C) Monitor bleaching, mortality, recovery
D) Communicating KEY AUDIENCES AND METHOD FOR
COMMUNICATING
Reef Users
• Use email/sms/whatsapp groups
• Prepare briefings/messages for staff to
give with users
Decision-makers/Senior management
• prepare a meeting or email/letter brief
Colleagues
• Use email lists, the reef resilience forum
and network web-page
The media/Public
• Prepare press releases to be handed out,
and/or delivered verbally
.
GUIDING QUESTIONS
• Who do you need to reach and why?
• Can you consult with them first on how, when
and why they want to receive information?
• Do you have photographs and information on
bleaching easily available to give to them?
• Do you or others in your group social media –
facebook, twitter, instagram, linkedin? Use it!
Keep key people updated monthly during the
bleaching season .
D) Communicate, report, relate respond
KEY RESOURCES to help you reach out to audiences
- Videos explaining coral bleaching
- Photographs of bleached coral
- Some key text and explanations you can copy
and paste into press releases/letters, etc.
HASHTAG IT!!
#wiobleaching2016
9. Monitoring methods
The next pages give details on recommended
monitoring methods at basic, intermediate and
high levels of expertise/effort.
The final pages show photographs of the typical
appearance of bleaching, and of other features
underwater that are white, but are NOT
bleaching.
10. Component Basic
Sampling location Arbitrary, use 5-6 minute timed swim for standardization
Spatial Broad area of reef in view, perhaps 10-50 m along
Corals All hard corals, key genera noted where possible.
Bleaching & mortality
observations
None (<1%), low (1-10%), medium (10-50%), high (50-90%), extreme (>90%) bleaching.
Can also use the same levels to estimate mortality.
Method – in situ Estimate overall “look” of coral community, for all corals combined, and estimate proportion in categories
given above.
Can do an overall count of colonies affected or not, to help estimation of %, but be aware of tendency to
focus on larger colonies.
Note key features, such as principal genera affected, and estimate proportion for those, if possible
Method - photographic Take 2-3 general views of the reef area, plus 10 or more vertical images 1m above substrate, separated by 2
or more meters.
Two methods for analysis:
o proportion of corals is estimated as a % of coral community in each category in each photo, averaged
across the photos.
o using 5*5 grid of points (25 per frame), score number of corals in each category, add together for
total, and calculate % per category.
Use a 1m long PVC stick/ monopod to help with camera-benthos distance, but try and keep it out of the
frame to maximize the utility of photos for other purposes.
Pros Most accessible for users with low technical skills.
Most rapid, can be applied over many sample sites in a short time.
Cons Very open to personal bias in estimation of area affected and estimating impact.
Minimum taxonomic resolution
Modifications Can add detail on taxonomy (genera) and the proportion affected.
Photos/video can be collected to verify estimates, or for experienced observers to assess basic bleaching
levels remotely.
Ideal target population People ‘on the job’ (dive-masters, snorkel guides, MPA rangers/staff doing routine patrols), volunteers with
limited experience – e.g. dedicate an additional 15-20 minutes of time to do bleaching monitoring.
C) Monitoring method - BASIC
11. Component Medium
Sampling location Arbitrary
Spatial Multiple areas selected by eye.
Sizes of 1-2 up to 12 m2 in size have been used.
Corals All coral genera, no size
Bleaching & mortality
observations
Fixed classes, e.g. normal, pale, part-bleached (10-50%), bleached (100%), part-dead, fully dead (recent
mortality only).
More detailed categories have also been used: 0%, pale (any amount), <20%, 20-50%, 50-80%, 80-100%
bleached, recently dead.
Method – in situ Score ALL coral colonies >10 cm diameter in the sampling area, recording their genus and condition. Take
care to not exclude normal colonies.
If uncertain of genus ID, record (‘other’)
Method - photographic Take 4-5 general views of the reef area.
Take 20 or more vertical images 1m above substrate, separated by 2 or more meters – follow same
guidelines as for basic method.
Analysis same as in basic category, including genus identification and greater replication.
Pros Relatively rapid, allows for sample selection over wide area of reef.
Can be undertaken more easily while doing other work.
Cons Bias due to selection of sample points
Bias due to preferential recording of bleaching bleached corals over normal ones, particularly for smaller
colonies
Inadequate sampling of all corals - reefs can have >40 colonies/m2, so counting all colonies reliably in larger
samples (e.g. 2m radius) is unreliable and unlikely to be done consistently.
Fixed classes for pale, bleaching and partial mortality ignore complex interactions between classes,
especially partial morality with partial bleaching.
Modifications Disease and other conditions can be added.
Add rugosity measurement to give a more complete description of the site.
Use radial lines/quadrats to standardize sampling of unit areas.
Ideal target population Management and monitoring programmes with semi-experienced staff/students/etc, but contributors are of
varying experience levels
C) Monitoring method - INTERMEDIATE
12. Component High
Sampling location Arbitrary or fixed.
Spatial Belt transects (e.g. 25*1 m)
Due to the higher accuracy of this method, for repeated sampling it is advisable to fix a transect during the first
sample(s), using nails at the beginning and intermediate points (e.g. 5 m apart) in the transect.
Ideally, record 2 or more transects per site.
Corals Genus, with or without size
Bleaching & mortality
observations
Continuous scale - proportion (%) of colony pale, bleached, dead.
Include disease and other conditions.
Method – in situ Score ALL coral colonies >10 cm diameter whose centers are within the quadrats/belts.
Record their genus and % of each condition on the coral colony.
If included, record size – IUCN method uses size classes of 11-20; 21-40; 41-80; 81-160; 161-320; and > 320 cm.
If uncertain of genus ID, record (‘other’)
If using fixed transects, only need to record all colonies on the first sample. After that, only record those colonies
that show some degree of bleaching/mortality (and disease).
Method - photographic Take 4-5 general shots of the reef area,
Take vertical images 1m above substrate along the full line of the transect. Make sure the images overlap enough
to show the continuity of the transect. This is unlikely to record the full 1m width of the transect, but the degree
of sampling should be comparable (e.g. of a 25*0.6 m belt).
Analysis same as in medium category, with greater replication. If sizes are to be included, must use a length scale.
This can be a right-angle at the benthic end of the 1m spacer/mono-pod. Use a 20 cm length, marked clearly at
10 and 20 cm.
Pros Most unbiased method to prevent over-counting of bleached and large corals (forces counting of normal and
small corals)
Bleaching and mortality estimates are standardize to coral biomass (area) and density of corals on the reef.
Accommodates variation in bleaching and mortality state of corals.
Addresses size-dependent variation in bleaching
Cons Time consuming.
Sampling constrained to smaller areas of a reef due to the higher detail, so risk of bias due to spot-selection.
Likely to be too detailed for most management applications, most applicable to research programmes.
Modifications Multiple additions can be done –e.g. of disease, rugosity, benthic cover, algae characteristics, etc. to extend the
C) Monitoring method - HIGH
14. Examples of other white conditions
on corals – not bleaching …
Normal (pale) corals
Diseases
15. References and resources …
Manual
Obura DO (2016). Coral Bleaching Monitoring Guide, Western Indian
Ocean – 2016. Biodiversity Project, Indian Ocean Commission,
CORDIO East Africa.
References in the main manual
Florida Reef Resilience Program (xx) Florida Reef Tract: Coral
Bleaching Response Plan
Marshall, P. (2003). Great Barrier Reef Coral Bleaching Response
Program. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Australia.
Marshall and Schuttenberg 2006 – Reef Managers guide
McClanahan TR, Ateweberhan M, Graham NAJ, Wilson SK, Ruiz
Sebastián C, Guillaume MMM, Bruggemann JH (2007) Western
Indian Ocean coral communities: bleaching responses and
susceptibility to extinction. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 337: 1–13
Obura, D.O., and Grimsditch, G., (2009) Resilience assessment of
coral reefs- Assessment protocol for coral reefs, focussing on
coral bleaching and thermal stress. IUCN Working group on
Climate change and coral reefs. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland,
www.iucn.org/cccr/publications 70pp.
Oliver, J, P. Marshall, N. Setiasih and L. Hansen, 2004. A global
protocol for assessment and monitoring of coral bleaching.
WorldFish Center, Penang, Malaysia and WWF Indonesia, Jakarta.
35 p.
All the above references are available at www.cordioea.net/WIO-
bleaching
Websites
Resources associated with this guide:
• www.cordioea.net/WIO-bleaching
• www.reefresilience.org/network
NOAA Coral Reef Watch homepage:
http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/research
/coral_bleaching_report.php
Editor's Notes
Mainly note that the alert is available on the website and each two-week update is sent an email list.
Observations start at the beginning of the bleaching season, and end in May/June depending on the severity of bleaching.
Mainly note that the alert is available on the website and each two-week update is sent an email list.
Observations start at the beginning of the bleaching season, and end in May/June depending on the severity of bleaching.
Mainly note that the alert is available on the website and each two-week update is sent an email list.
Observations start at the beginning of the bleaching season, and end in May/June depending on the severity of bleaching.
Mainly note that the alert is available on the website and each two-week update is sent an email list.
Observations start at the beginning of the bleaching season, and end in May/June depending on the severity of bleaching.
Mainly note that the alert is available on the website and each two-week update is sent an email list.
Observations start at the beginning of the bleaching season, and end in May/June depending on the severity of bleaching.
Mainly note that the alert is available on the website and each two-week update is sent an email list.
Observations start at the beginning of the bleaching season, and end in May/June depending on the severity of bleaching.
Mainly note that the alert is available on the website and each two-week update is sent an email list.
Observations start at the beginning of the bleaching season, and end in May/June depending on the severity of bleaching.